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專題13三角函數(shù)的綜合應(yīng)用十年大數(shù)據(jù)*全景展示年份題號(hào)考點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容2013卷1理16文16三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查逆用兩角和與差公式、誘導(dǎo)公式、及簡單三角函數(shù)的最值問題2014卷1理6三角函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用主要考查利用三角函數(shù)的應(yīng)用及三角公式卷2理14文14三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查三角公式及三角函數(shù)最值卷2理16文12三角函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用主要考查圓的相關(guān)知識(shí)、正弦定理等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)2016卷1理12三角函數(shù)圖象與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用主要考查三角函數(shù)的零點(diǎn)、對(duì)稱性、單調(diào)性及最值,考查運(yùn)算求解能力.卷2理7三角函數(shù)圖象與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用主要考查三角函數(shù)圖像的平移變換與三角函數(shù)得到對(duì)稱軸.卷2文11三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查誘導(dǎo)公式、二倍角余弦公式、換元法求最值2017卷2理14三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查同角三角函數(shù)基本關(guān)系、三角函數(shù)圖像與性質(zhì)、換元法求最值.卷2文13三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查輔助角公式及三角函數(shù)的最值.卷3文6三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查誘導(dǎo)公式與三角函數(shù)的最值,考查轉(zhuǎn)化與化歸思想.2018卷1理16三角函數(shù)最值與值域主要考查三角函數(shù)的二倍角公式、三角函數(shù)的圖像與性質(zhì)、利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)的單調(diào)性、極值與最值.卷1文8三角函數(shù)圖象與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用主要考查降冪公式、三角函數(shù)的周期與最大值,考查轉(zhuǎn)化與化歸思想與運(yùn)算求解能力2019卷1理11三角函數(shù)圖象與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用主要考查三角函數(shù)的奇偶性、單調(diào)性、零點(diǎn)、最值等問題.大數(shù)據(jù)分析*預(yù)測(cè)高考考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)頻率2021年預(yù)測(cè)三角函數(shù)最值與值域7/132021年仍將重點(diǎn)考查三角函數(shù)圖像與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用及三角函數(shù)的最值與值域問題,題型仍為選擇題或填空題,難度為中檔題或壓軸題.三角函數(shù)圖象與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用4/13三角函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用2/13十年試題分類*探求規(guī)律考點(diǎn)42三角函數(shù)最值與值域1.(2016全國新課標(biāo)卷2,文11)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為()(A)4 (B)5 (C)6 (D)7【答案】B【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值5,選B.2.(2017新課標(biāo)卷3,文6)函數(shù)f(x)=SKIPIF1<0sin(x+SKIPIF1<0)+cos(x?SKIPIF1<0)的最大值為A.SKIPIF1<0 B.1 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故選A.3.(2012山東)函數(shù)的最大值與最小值之和為A.B.0C.-1D.【答案】A【解析】故選8.4.(2018?新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,理16)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意可得SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)周期,故只需考慮SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的值域,先來求該函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的極值點(diǎn),求導(dǎo)數(shù)可得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0可解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,可得此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的變化情況如下表所示:SKIPIF1<00SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0+0—0—0+SKIPIF1<00↗極大值SKIPIF1<0↘↘極小值SKIPIF1<0↗0SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.5.(2017新課標(biāo)卷2,文13).函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0.6.(2017新課標(biāo)卷2,理14).函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)的最大值是.【答案】1【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)取得最大值1.7.(2014新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,理14)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為_________.【答案】1【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0的最大值為18.(2013新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,理15)設(shè)當(dāng)x=θ時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)=sinx-2cosx取得最大值,則cosθ=______【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取最大值,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0.9.(2013江西)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,若對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0都有SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是.【答案】【解析】得故.10.(2019浙江18)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)已知SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域.【解析】(1)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),所以,對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)x都有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.(2)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.因此,函數(shù)的值域是SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)43三角函數(shù)圖象與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用1.(2019?新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,理11)關(guān)于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有下述四個(gè)結(jié)論:①SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù)②SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增③SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有4個(gè)零點(diǎn)④SKIPIF1<0的最大值為2其中所有正確結(jié)論的編號(hào)是SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.①②④ B.②④ C.①④ D.①③【答案】C【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),故①正確;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù),故②錯(cuò)誤;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),得在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上還有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),故③錯(cuò)誤,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值2,故④正確,故正確是①④,故選SKIPIF1<0.2.(2018?新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,文8)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,最大值為3 B.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,最大值為4 C.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,最大值為3 D.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,最大值為4【答案】B【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,故選SKIPIF1<0.3.(2016新課標(biāo)卷1,理12)12.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0圖像的對(duì)稱軸,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào),則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為()(A)11
(B)9
(C)7
(D)5【答案】B.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0不單調(diào),故A錯(cuò);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào),故選B.4.(2016?新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,理7)若將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長度,則平移后的圖象的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長度,得到SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得:SKIPIF1<0,即平移后的圖象的對(duì)稱軸方程為SKIPIF1<0,故選SKIPIF1<0.5.(2016山東)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期是A.SKIPIF1<0 B.π C.SKIPIF1<0 D.2π【答案】B【解析】由題意得SKIPIF1<0,故該函數(shù)的最小正周期SKIPIF1<0.故選B.6.(2014安徽)若將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,所得圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0的最小正值是A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】SKIPIF1<0,將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位得SKIPIF1<0,由該函數(shù)為偶函數(shù)可知SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小正值是為SKIPIF1<0.7.(2014福建)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)圖象,則下列說法正確的是A.SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù)B.SKIPIF1<0的周期是SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱D.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),排除A;SKIPIF1<0的周期為SKIPIF1<0,排除B;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,排除C;故選D.8.(2014遼寧)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長度,所得圖象對(duì)應(yīng)的函數(shù)A.在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減B.在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增C.在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減D.在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增【答案】B【解析】將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向有右移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長度后得到SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的圖象,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,化簡可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0.可得SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故選B.9.(2013山東)將函數(shù)的圖像沿軸向左平移個(gè)單位后,得到一個(gè)偶函數(shù)的圖像,則的一個(gè)可能取值為A.B.C.0D.【答案】B【解析】將函數(shù)y=sin(2SKIPIF1<0+)的圖像沿x軸向左平移個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù),因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)函數(shù)為偶函數(shù),所以,即,所以選B.10.(2018北京)在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,記SKIPIF1<0為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0變化時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最大值為A.1 B.2C.3 D.4【答案】C【解析】由題意可得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0),∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值3,故選C.11.(2016年浙江)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期A.與b有關(guān),且與c有關(guān)B.與b有關(guān),但與c無關(guān)C.與b無關(guān),且與c無關(guān)D.與b無關(guān),但與c有關(guān)【答案】B【解析】由于SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0的變化會(huì)引起SKIPIF1<0的圖象的上下平移,不會(huì)影響其最小正周期.故選B.12.(2015浙江)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期是________,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是_______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0、()【解析】,故最小正周期為,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為().13.(2014山東)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,所以其最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0.14.(2014安徽)若將函數(shù)的圖象向右平移個(gè)單位,所得圖象關(guān)于軸對(duì)稱,則的最小正值是________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0.15.(2016年浙江)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=__,SKIPIF1<0=__.【答案】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<016.(2014陜西)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,向量SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.17.(2017江蘇)已知向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)記SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的最大值和最小值以及對(duì)應(yīng)的SKIPIF1<0的值.【解析】(1)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,與SKIPIF1<0矛盾,故SKIPIF1<0.于是SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(2)SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0.于是,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取到最大值3;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取到最小值SKIPIF1<0.18.(2017山東)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0.已知SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求SKIPIF1<0;(Ⅱ)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象上各點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)伸長為原來的2倍(縱坐標(biāo)不變),再將得到的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,求SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最小值.【解析】(Ⅰ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0由題設(shè)知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)得SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0.19.(2016年天津)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求SKIPIF1<0的定義域與最小正周期;(Ⅱ)討論SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間[SKIPIF1<0]上的單調(diào)性.【解析】(Ⅰ)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0.所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.20.(2015北京)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期;(Ⅱ)求SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值.【解析】(Ⅰ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為2SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值.所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.21.(2015湖北)某同學(xué)用“五點(diǎn)法”畫函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在某一個(gè)周期內(nèi)的圖象時(shí),列表并填入了部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),如下表:SKIPIF1<00SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<005SKIPIF1<00(Ⅰ)請(qǐng)將上表數(shù)據(jù)補(bǔ)充完整,并直接寫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式;(Ⅱ)將SKIPIF1<0圖象上所有點(diǎn)向左平行移動(dòng)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長度,得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象.若SKIPIF1<0圖象的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的最小值.【解析】(Ⅰ)根據(jù)表中已知數(shù)據(jù),解得SKIPIF1<0.?dāng)?shù)據(jù)補(bǔ)全如下表:SKIPIF1<00SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0050SKIPIF1<00且函數(shù)表達(dá)式為SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.由于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對(duì)稱,令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0.22.(2014福建)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(Ⅱ)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期及單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間.【解析】解法一:(Ⅰ)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(Ⅱ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.解法二:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(Ⅰ)SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.23.(2014福建)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值;(Ⅱ)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期及單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間.【解析】解法一:(Ⅰ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.解法二:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(Ⅰ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0從而SKIPIF1<0(Ⅱ)SKIPIF1<0由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.24.(2014北京)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示.(Ⅰ)寫出SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期及圖中SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的值;(Ⅱ)求SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值和最小值.【解析】:(I)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(II)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,于是當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0.25.(2014天津)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期;(Ⅱ)求SKIPIF1<0在閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值和最小值.【解析】(Ⅰ)由已知,SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0的圖像知,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,最小值為SKIPIF1<0.26.(2014重慶)已知函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于直線對(duì)稱,且圖象上相鄰兩個(gè)最高點(diǎn)的距離為.(I)求和的值;(II)若,求的值.【解析】:(I)因SKIPIF1<0的圖象上相鄰兩個(gè)最高點(diǎn)的距離為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0.又因SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0因SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.(=2\*ROMANII)由(=1\*ROMANI)得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0因此SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0.27.(2013山東)設(shè)函數(shù),且的圖象的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心到最近的對(duì)稱軸的距離為.(Ⅰ)求的值;(Ⅱ)求在區(qū)間上的最大值和最小值.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0sin2ωx-sinωxcosωx=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0cos2ωx-SKIPIF1<0sin2ωx=SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)閳D象的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心到最近的對(duì)稱軸的距離為SKIPIF1<0,又ω>0,所以SKIPIF1<0.因此ω=1.(2)由(1)知SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)π≤x≤SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0≤SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0,因此-1≤SKIPIF1<0≤SKIPIF1<0.故SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值和最小值分別為SKIPIF1<0,-1.28.(2013天津)已知函數(shù).(Ⅰ)求f(x)的最小正周期;(Ⅱ)求f(x)在區(qū)間上的最大值和最小值.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0sin2x·SKIPIF1<0+3sin2x-cos2x=2sin2x-2cos2x=SKIPIF1<0.所以,SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期T=SKIPIF1<0=π.(2)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù).又f(0)=-2,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為SKIPIF1<0,最小值為-2.29.(2013湖南)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(1)求的值;(2)求使成立的x的取值集合.【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.(2)由(1)知,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<030.(2012安徽)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(=1\*ROMANI)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期;(=2\*ROMANII)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;求SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的解析式.【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.(=1\*ROMANI)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅱ)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0得:函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的解析式為SKIPIF1<0.31.(2012陜西)函數(shù)()的最大值為3,其圖像相鄰兩條對(duì)稱軸之間的距離為.(1)求函數(shù)的解析式;(2)設(shè),則,求的值.【解析】(Ⅰ)∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值是3,∴,即.∵函數(shù)圖像的相鄰兩條對(duì)稱軸之間的距離為,∴最小正周期,∴.故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式為.(Ⅱ)∵,即,∵,∴,∴,故.32.(2015山東)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)區(qū)間;(Ⅱ)在銳角△SKIPIF1<0中,角SKIPIF1<0,的對(duì)邊分別為SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求△SKIPIF1<0面積的最大值.【解析】(Ⅰ)由題意SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),可得SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0);由SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),得SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0);所以SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0);單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0).(Ⅱ)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由題意SKIPIF1<0是銳角,所以SKIPIF1<0.由余弦定理:SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)成立.SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0面積最大值為SKIPIF1<0.33.(2013福建)已知函數(shù)的周期為,圖像的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心為,將函數(shù)圖像上的所有點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)伸長為原來的2倍(縱坐標(biāo)不變),在將所得圖像向右平移個(gè)單位長度后得到函數(shù)的圖像.(1)求函數(shù)與的解析式;(2)是否存在,使得按照某種順序成等差數(shù)列?若存在,請(qǐng)確定的個(gè)數(shù);若不存在,說明理由.(3)求實(shí)數(shù)與正整數(shù),使得在內(nèi)恰有2013個(gè)零點(diǎn).【解析】(Ⅰ)由函數(shù)的周期為,,得又曲線的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心為,故,得,所以將函數(shù)圖象上所有點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)伸長到原來的倍(縱坐標(biāo)不變)后可得的圖象,再將的圖象向右平移個(gè)單位長度后得到函數(shù)(Ⅱ)當(dāng)時(shí),,,所以.問題轉(zhuǎn)化為方程在內(nèi)是否有解設(shè),則因?yàn)?,所以,在?nèi)單調(diào)遞增又,且函數(shù)的圖象連續(xù)不斷,故可知函數(shù)在內(nèi)存在唯一零點(diǎn),即存在唯一的滿足題意.(Ⅲ)依題意,,令當(dāng),即時(shí),,從而不是方程的解,所以方程等價(jià)于關(guān)于的方程,現(xiàn)研究時(shí)方程解的情況令,則問題轉(zhuǎn)化為研究直線與曲線在的交點(diǎn)情況,令,得或.當(dāng)變化時(shí),和變化情況如下表當(dāng)且趨近于時(shí),趨向于當(dāng)且趨近于時(shí),趨向于當(dāng)且趨近于時(shí),趨向于當(dāng)且趨近于時(shí),趨向于故當(dāng)時(shí),直線與曲線在內(nèi)有無交點(diǎn),在內(nèi)有個(gè)交點(diǎn);當(dāng)時(shí),直線與曲線在內(nèi)有個(gè)交點(diǎn),在內(nèi)無交點(diǎn);當(dāng)時(shí),直線與曲線在內(nèi)有個(gè)交點(diǎn),在內(nèi)有個(gè)交點(diǎn)由函數(shù)的周期性,可知當(dāng)時(shí),直線與曲線在內(nèi)總有偶數(shù)個(gè)交點(diǎn),從而不存在正整數(shù),使得直線與曲線在內(nèi)恰有個(gè)交點(diǎn);當(dāng)時(shí),直線與曲線在內(nèi)有個(gè)交點(diǎn),由周期性,,所以綜上,當(dāng),時(shí),函數(shù)在內(nèi)恰有個(gè)零點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)44三角函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用1.(2014新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,理6)如圖,圓O的半徑為1,A是圓上的定點(diǎn),P是圓上的動(dòng)點(diǎn),角SKIPIF1<0的始邊為射線SKIPIF1<0,終邊為射線SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作直線SKIPIF1<0的垂線,垂足為SKIPIF1<0,將點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離表示為SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0在[0,SKIPIF1<0]上的圖像大致為()【答案】B【解析】如圖:過M作MD⊥OP于D,則PM=SKIPIF1<0,OM=SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,MD=SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,選B.2.(2015陜西)如圖,某港口一天6時(shí)到18時(shí)的水深變化曲線近似滿足函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,據(jù)此函數(shù)可知,這段時(shí)間水深(單位:m)的最大值為A.5B.6C.8D.10【答案】C【解析】由圖象知:,因?yàn)?,所以,解得:,所以這段時(shí)間水深的最大值是,故選C.3.(2014新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,理16)設(shè)點(diǎn)M(SKIPIF1<0,1),若在圓O:SKIPIF1<0上存在點(diǎn)N,使得∠OMN=45°,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由圖可知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0所在直線SKIPIF1<0與圓SKIPIF1<0相切,又SKIPIF1<0,由正弦定理得:SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即:SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解之:SKIPIF1<04.(2014湖北)某實(shí)驗(yàn)室一天的溫度(單位:℃)隨時(shí)間t(單位:h)的變化近似滿足函數(shù)關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(Ⅰ)求實(shí)驗(yàn)室這一天上午8時(shí)的溫度;(Ⅱ)求實(shí)驗(yàn)室這一天的最大溫差.【解析】(Ⅰ)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故實(shí)驗(yàn)室上午8時(shí)的溫度為10℃.(Ⅱ)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.于是SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上取得最大值12,取得最小值8.故實(shí)驗(yàn)室這一天最高溫度為12℃,最低溫度為8℃,最大溫差為4℃.5.(2018江蘇)某農(nóng)場有一塊農(nóng)田,如圖所示,它的邊界由圓SKIPIF1<0的一段圓弧SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0為此圓弧的中點(diǎn))和線段SKIPIF1<0構(gòu)成.已知圓SKIPIF1<0的半徑為40米,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的距離為50米.現(xiàn)規(guī)劃在此農(nóng)田上修建兩個(gè)溫室大棚,大棚Ⅰ內(nèi)的地塊形狀為矩形SKIPIF1<0,大棚Ⅱ內(nèi)的地塊形狀為SKIPIF1<0,要求SKIPIF1<0均在線段SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0均在圓弧上.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0所成的角為SKIPIF1<0.(1)用SKIPIF1<0分別表示矩形SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的面積,并確定SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍;(2)若大棚Ⅰ內(nèi)種植甲種蔬菜,大棚Ⅱ內(nèi)種植乙種蔬菜,且甲、乙兩種蔬菜的單位面積年產(chǎn)值之比為SKIPIF1<0.求當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為何值時(shí),能使甲、乙兩種蔬菜的年總產(chǎn)值最大.【解析】(1)連結(jié)SKIPIF1<0并延長交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0⊥SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0=10.過SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0⊥SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則矩形SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0.過SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0⊥SKIPIF1<0,分別交圓弧和SKIPIF1<0的延長線于SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),才能作出滿足條件的矩形SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.答:矩形SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0平方米,SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.(2)因?yàn)榧?、乙兩種蔬菜的單位面積年產(chǎn)值之比為4∶3,設(shè)甲的單位面積的年產(chǎn)值為SKIPIF1<0,乙的單位面積的年產(chǎn)值為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則年總產(chǎn)值為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù),因此,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取到最大值.答:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),能使甲、乙兩種蔬菜的年總產(chǎn)值最大.6.(2017江蘇)如圖,水平放置的正四棱柱形玻璃容器Ⅰ和正四棱臺(tái)形玻璃容器Ⅱ的高均為32cm,容器Ⅰ的底面對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0的長為10SKIPIF1<0cm,容器Ⅱ的兩底面對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的長分別為14cm和62cm.分別在容器Ⅰ和容器Ⅱ中注入水,水深均為12cm.現(xiàn)有一根玻璃棒SKIPIF1<0,其長度為40cm.(容器厚度、玻璃棒粗細(xì)均忽略不計(jì))(1)將SKIPIF1<0放在容器Ⅰ中,SKIPIF1<0的一端置于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0
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