2023高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題-定位信息找答案課件

專題一閱讀理解專題一閱讀理解[研高考·辨考向]年份卷名體裁題目類型細(xì)節(jié)理解題推斷判斷題主旨大意題詞句猜測(cè)題2022新高考卷Ⅰ應(yīng)用文；夾敘夾議文；說明文；說明文8511全國乙卷應(yīng)用文；應(yīng)用文；說明文；說明文10311全國甲卷應(yīng)用文；說明文；記敘文；夾敘夾議文9231專題一閱讀理解續(xù)上表2021新高考卷Ⅰ應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說明文；議論文7521全國乙卷應(yīng)用文；說明文；記敘文；說明文7521全國甲卷應(yīng)用文；說明文；記敘文；說明文67112020新高考卷Ⅰ(山東卷)應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說明文；說明文8322全國卷Ⅰ應(yīng)用文；夾敘夾議文；說明文；說明文7521全國卷Ⅱ應(yīng)用文；說明文；說明文；記敘文8322全國卷Ⅲ應(yīng)用文；記敘文；說明文；說明文7431專題一閱讀理解續(xù)上表命題專家談高考1．語篇特點(diǎn)。(1)原汁原味：高考語篇一般選自各大主流英文報(bào)刊和媒體網(wǎng)站，新材料盡量原汁原味；(2)詞匯量大：高考語篇詞匯量豐富，含有大量的派生詞、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換詞、熟詞生義詞以及英語短語和習(xí)語；(3)長難句多：高考語篇含有大量的長難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。2．主題語境。包含了《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中的全部主題語境(人與自我、人與社會(huì)、人與自然)，其中涉及“人與社會(huì)”這一主題語境的最多。專題一閱讀理解續(xù)上表命題專家談高考3．核心素養(yǎng)。從語言能力、文化意識(shí)、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)能力四個(gè)方面對(duì)學(xué)生的英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)進(jìn)行綜合考查。4．設(shè)題特點(diǎn)。包括細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞句猜測(cè)題，其中以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主專題一閱讀理解[抓規(guī)律·找依據(jù)]專題一閱讀理解第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題——定位信息找答案一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解(一)明命題，懂考查方式和考查角度[命題解讀]1．命題人員會(huì)要求學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的要求閱讀文章，以獲得某些特定的信息或準(zhǔn)確地尋找所需的細(xì)節(jié)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)。專題一閱讀理解[考查特點(diǎn)]1．把握細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見的考查方式。(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；(2)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；(3)就文中數(shù)字、排序等進(jìn)行提問。2．掌握細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查角度。(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：直接信息題、間接信息題。(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字計(jì)算題、正誤判斷題、細(xì)節(jié)排序題。專題一閱讀理解(二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題捷徑采用尋讀法，解題分三步：(1)先讀題干，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。(2)帶著問題快速閱讀文章，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子。(3)仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和原文信息，繼而找出答案。專題一閱讀理解(三)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確選項(xiàng)特征同義替換①指對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換，如把loseone'sjob換成

beoutofwork。②有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance。③改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換信息歸納用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)專題一閱讀理解(四)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容無中生有符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭，甚至完全相反正誤參半部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤專題一閱讀理解二、方法技巧要知曉題型一直接信息題在解答直接信息題時(shí)，可以采取“關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，即“帶著問題找答案”的方法，通過定位找題眼[典例]

(2022·全國乙卷)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4.

B．￡8.C．￡12. D．￡16.專題一閱讀理解[解析]

本題是直接信息題。根據(jù)Admission部分的“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.”可知，入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為4英鎊，由成人陪同的12歲以下的兒童免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。由此可知，一對(duì)夫婦帶著兩個(gè)12歲以下的孩子入場(chǎng)時(shí)，總共要付8英鎊的入場(chǎng)費(fèi)。故選B。[答案]

B技法點(diǎn)撥：專題一閱讀理解題型二間接信息題為了更好地考查學(xué)生的語言知識(shí)和思維品質(zhì)，命題人往往會(huì)對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息加以掩飾，這就需要學(xué)生綜合多處信息進(jìn)行理解。常見的考查方式有以下3種形式換詞類使用同義詞或近義詞(甚至反義詞)對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換，例如用ask對(duì)文中的require進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換，用lessdifferent對(duì)文中的moreincommon進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換等專題一閱讀理解[典例](2021·全國乙卷)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks，myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice，hesaid，“That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet－soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall，coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局)．ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A．Ithelpshimconcentrate.B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D．Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.專題一閱讀理解[解析]本題問的是為什么采訪者傾向于選擇共享辦公區(qū)域，根據(jù)題干中的coworkingspace可定位至本段第二句中的“That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知答案。本題中命題人將原文中的focus替換成了近義詞concentrate。[答案]

A技法點(diǎn)撥：專題一閱讀理解計(jì)算類此類試題要求對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息(尤其是時(shí)間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字信息)進(jìn)行加工，但此類試題重點(diǎn)不在于計(jì)算，而在于考查對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的處理能力，因此試題涉及的計(jì)算相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單[典例]

(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse：Essay1＝10%；Essay2＝15%；Essay3＝15%；Essay4＝20%.專題一閱讀理解GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard，ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday，butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion，soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally，fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome，bothofwhichwillbegraded.專題一閱讀理解22．Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?A．Two.

B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.[解析]本題是計(jì)算題，詢問“一名學(xué)生的最終成績(jī)由幾部分組成”。根據(jù)本部分的標(biāo)題“Essays(60%)”，“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)”可知，成績(jī)由論文、小組作業(yè)和日常工作/課堂寫作和測(cè)試/小組工作/家庭作業(yè)三部分組成。[答案]

B專題一閱讀理解技法點(diǎn)撥：專題一閱讀理解概括類為了增加細(xì)節(jié)理解題的難度，命題人有時(shí)候會(huì)采用較為概括的方式來進(jìn)行命題，即一道試題中涉及一段或者幾段的某些內(nèi)容，需要進(jìn)行概括和歸納后才能得出答案。此類試題雖然各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到，但需要具備一定的概括和歸納能力才能正確作答[典例]

(2021·全國乙卷)Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional，stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium，Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May1，1989.專題一閱讀理解·MichiganStadium，AnnArbor，Michigan，U.S.Capacity：107，601.Opened：October1，1927.·BeaverStadium，StateCollege，Pennsylvania，U.S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September17，1960.·OhioStadium，Columbus，Ohio，U.S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October7，1922.·KyleField，CollegeStation，Texas，U.S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September24，1927.22．Ofthefollowingstadiums，whichistheoldest?A．MichiganStadium.

B．BeaverStadium.C．OhioStadium. D．KyleField.專題一閱讀理解[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)概括能力。題干問的是哪個(gè)體育場(chǎng)最古老，應(yīng)定位至文章最后一部分對(duì)各個(gè)體育場(chǎng)的介紹。根據(jù)該部分內(nèi)容可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的體育場(chǎng)分別于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年開放。[答案]

C技法點(diǎn)撥：課堂新體驗(yàn)A(2022·福州高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)Withtheattractivesceneryandthepossibilityofasightingofamonster(怪物)，LochNessistheoneofthoseraredestinationsthatengageseveryone.UrquhartCastleCapturedbyEdwardⅠin1296，thisprizedcastlechangedhandsbetweentheScotsandtheEnglishonseveraloccasions.Thoughruinedtoday，it'sstillpossibletoclimbtheGrantTowerandvisitthebattlementsandprisoncells.Acaféandthevisitorcentreoffermodernfacilitiesinhistoricsurroundings.專題一閱讀理解課堂新體驗(yàn)TheLochNessCentreForthosewhowishtodigestthecompletehistoryofLochNess，thiscentreisparticularlygoodatdocumentingthehistoryofthismysteriousstretchofwater，includingmanyattemptstosearchforNessie，theinfamousmonster.Italsoholdscuriousartifacts(手工藝品)suchasthedivingsuitwornbyLloydScottwhenheundertookhisunderwatermarathon.專題一閱讀理解TheClansmanCentreAtthesouthendofLochNess，thisattractionuncoversthetruthsurrounding18th-centuryfamilylife.AudiencemembersgettheopportunitytoputonHighlanddressandthere'sademonstrationofhowweaponswereused.ThepresentationstakeplacewithintherecreatedinteriorofaHighlandhouse，addingatmosphereandauthenticity(真實(shí)性)．課堂新體驗(yàn)SouthLochNessTrailThisrouteinviteshikersalongthequietersouthsideofLochNess，passingthroughthreevillages，andtakingintheFallsofFoyers.Walkershikeamixofminorroadsandforesttracks，withhighlightsincludingSuidheViewpoint(amountainousviewat1,200feet)．Ifitsoundstooeasy-going，thenconsidertheLochNess360°Trailinsteadforamorechallengingroute.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四個(gè)著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。1．WhichplacebestsuitsvisitorsinterestedinNessie?A．UrquhartCastle.B．TheLochNessCentre.C．TheClansmanCentre.D．SouthLochNessTrail.專題一閱讀理解課堂新體驗(yàn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheLochNesscentre部分中的“thiscentreis...searchforNessie”可知，對(duì)尼斯湖水怪感興趣的游客可以去TheLochNessCentre參觀。專題一閱讀理解答案：B課堂新體驗(yàn)2．WhatisspecialabouttheClansmanCentre?A．Itprovidesagenuinescene.B．Itdisplaysfascinatingscenery.C．Itexhibitsentertainingartifacts.D．Itpossessesmodernconveniences.專題一閱讀理解解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheClansmanCentre部分中的“Thepresentations...addingatmosphereandauthenticity(真實(shí)性)”可知，TheClansmanCentre的特別之處在于它提供了真實(shí)的景象。答案：A課堂新體驗(yàn)3．Whichofthefollowingwouldatouristchooseifhewantstochallengehimself?A．SeekingtheFallsofFoyers.B．Walkingalongthequieterside.C．HikingtheLochNess360°Trail.D．Searchingamixofminorroadsandtracks.專題一閱讀理解解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SouthLochNessTrail部分中的“considertheLochNess...challengingroute”可知，游客要想挑戰(zhàn)自我的話，可以去LochNess360°Trail。答案：C課堂新體驗(yàn)BTheViennaPhilharmonicNewYear'sConcertsIt'slongbeenatraditionfortheViennaPhilharmonictosendpeopleallovertheworldaNewYear'sgreetingthroughmusicinthespiritofhope，friendshipandpeace.TicketstothethreetraditionalconcertsoftheViennaPhilharmonic—thePreviewPerformance(December30)，theNewYear'sEveConcert(December31)，andtheNewYear'sConcert(January1)—areinextremelyhighdemandeveryyear.ApplicationsTicketstothethreeconcertsaredrawnlots(抽簽)ontheViennaPhilharmonicwebsite.Inthisway，musicloversfromallovertheworldhaveanequalchanceto專題一閱讀理解課堂新體驗(yàn)purchasethesehighlydesiredtickets.BetweenFebruarylstand28th，applicationswillbeacceptedtotakepartinthedrawing.Requestssubmittedthroughthepostalsystem，bye-mailorbyanyothermeanswillnotbeconsidered.專題一閱讀理解Registerauseraccount，login(登錄)andtheninthe“MyAccount”sectionenterthedesiredticketsunderthe“NewYear'sConcertsTicketDrawing”．InMarch，allparticipantswillbeinformedoftheresultsofthedrawinginthe“MyAccount”areabye-mail.TicketsTheticketpricesrangebetween35and1，200fortheNewYear'sConcert，25and860fortheNewYear'sEveConcert，and20and495forthePreview課堂新體驗(yàn)Performance.Youcanmakeoneapplicationforeachofthethreeconcerts.FortheNewYear'sConcertyoucanapplyforuptotwotickets.FortheNewYear'sEveConcertandthePreviewPerformanceeachyoucanapplyforuptofourtickets.專題一閱讀理解Notices?Theconductorandtheprogrammearethesameforallthethreeconcerts.?AnapplicationmadeonFebruary