高中英語動詞不定式課件

TheInfinitiveTheInfinitive1Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnot

toeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補一、用法Todothatsortofthingisfo21.作主語2)用it作形式主語用不定式(It+be+adj./n.+todosth)3)例外：

Itisnogood/nouse/nohelp+doingsth.

Itisnousearguingaboutit.

1)常用動名詞LearningEnglishisveryimportant.ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.1.作主語2)用it作形式主語用不定式3)例外：1)常用32.作賓語1)v+只跟todolearn/agree/ask/offer/happen/pretend/promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/decide/

refuse/fail/manage…Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.2.作賓語1)v+只跟todo42)v+只跟doingfinish/complete/enjoy/mind/practise/consider/suggest/advise/miss/avoid/admit/deny/permit/allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delay…keep(on)/giveup/insiston/succeedin/feellike/putoff/beworth/beusedto/lookforwardto…Ienjoyplayingbasketball.Shepractisesplayingthepianoforanhoureveryday.但是advise/consider/allow/permit/forbid/admitsbtodosthHeadvisedgoingonatriptoGuangzhou.HeadvisedustogoonatriptoGuangzhou.2)v+只跟doing53)V+todo/doing區(qū)別不大。

begin/start/like/love/hate/dislike…4)v+todo/doing區(qū)別很大

forget/remember/stop/goonregret/try/mean/can’thelpneed/want/requiretrytodo努力做某事trydoing試著做某事regrettodo對要做的某事表示遺憾regretdoing對已做的某事表示后悔meantodo打算做meandoing意味著can’thelp(to)do不能幫忙做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事3)V+todo/doing區(qū)別不大。4)v+todo6need/want/require

sthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做need/want/require

sthneed/wa73.賓語補足語：1）ask類（v+sbtodosth）want/wish/order/like/wouldlike /helpforce/allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider…Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.

3.賓語補足語：1）ask類（v+sbtodost82）感官動詞類（V+sb.+dosth.）see/hear/notice/find/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel/smell…Ioftenhearthemsingthesonginthenextroom.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.但這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，省去的to要加上。Theywereheardtosingapopsong.Hewasmadetoanswerthequestion.3）使役動詞類（V+sb.+dosth.）make/let/have…2）感官動詞類（V+sb.+dosth.）The91.Hewasmade_________.goB.goneC.goingD.togo2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingcry；cryD.tocry；cry1.Hewasmade_________.10注意

B.動詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.注意B.動詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.M11注意C.帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to前加疑問詞。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?注意C.帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to前加疑問詞。Mr.Li12注意D.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常省去to后面的動詞，只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。注意D.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常省去134.作表語doing表習(xí)慣性動作；todo表將來一次性性動作Mywishistobecomeascientist.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.4.作表語doing表習(xí)慣性動作；145.作狀語不定式：作目的、結(jié)果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）分詞：作時間、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果和原因（句首）不定式作目的狀語：不定式用作目的狀語時，其句意特點很明顯，通常在譯成中文時可用“為了”來表示。Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.

Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavethelifeoftheinjuredman.5.作狀語不定式：作目的、結(jié)果（only之后）和原因（v.15不定式作結(jié)果狀語onlyto,enoughto,too…to,nevertoThattoolistooheavytoliftdirectlyThetemperatureishighenoughtochangewaterintosteam．Hewenthome,onlytofindthedooropenandeverythingwasgone.Heleft,nevertocomeback.不定式作結(jié)果狀語onlyto,enoughto,to16（2005.福建卷）—Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?

—Sure,______itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.

A.havinggot

B.toget

C.getting

D.get（2005.廣東卷）—Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.

A.tofind

B.finding

C.found

D.tohavefound

（2005.重慶卷）Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.

A.had

B.have

C.tohave

D.having（2005.福建卷）—Cantheprojectbe17

6.作定語

todo將來的主動動作，tobedone表將來的被動動作（句中有邏輯主語時用todo，若是不及物動詞，要加介詞）

Ihavetwobookstoread.Haveyougotanything

tosay?He’slookingforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Ihaveclothestowash,anddoyouhaveclothestobewashed?Thequestiontobediscussedisveryimportant.

6.作定語

todo將來的主動動作，tobe18不定式與它修飾的名詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且主語是不定式中的動詞所表示動作的邏輯主語或在句中能找到其邏輯主語。Hehasalotofworktodotoday．Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay區(qū)別：AreyougoingtotheballtobeheldonNewYear’sEve？不定式與它修飾的名詞是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且主語是不定式中的動191.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.makefriendwithB.makefriendsofC.makefriendsD.makefriendswith2.The

assistant

works

very

hard.

She

is

always

the

first

_____

and

the

last

_____.

A.

come,

leave

B.

coming,

leaving

C.

to

come,

to

leave

D.

to

come,

leaving解析：由only,last,next,序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語。再如：Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.1.Frankisthekindofperson20二、動詞不定式的形式一般式：

todo（表將來）一般被動式：tobedone進行式：tobedoing（表正在進行）完成式：tohavedone（表已經(jīng)完成）完成被動式：tohavebeendone否定式:nottodo二、動詞不定式的形式一般式：todo（表將來）21動詞不定式的時態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。動詞不定式的時態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoor22㈡.進行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行。動詞不定式的時態(tài)㈡.進行式(tobedoing)1.Iamver23動詞不定式的時態(tài)㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.如果謂語表示的動作發(fā)生在不定式之前。動詞不定式的時態(tài)㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.24Iopenedthedoor_____(enter)theroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingto

attend

themeeting______(hold)tomorrow.3.Robertissaid____(study)abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.4.Iamsorry____(keep)youwaitingsolong.5.Hedidn’tlike_____(laugh).6.

Heclaimed_____(badlytreat

)inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7.Theteachertoldus_____(be)late

again.toentertobeheldtohavestudiedtohavekepttobelaughedattohavebeenbadlytreatednottobeIopenedthedoor_____(enter25三、疑問詞+動詞不定式用作主語、賓語等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.三、疑問詞+動詞不定式用作主語、賓語等。Whentost26四、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：1)forsb.todosth2)(Itis+性格adj+)ofsb.todosth性格adj：nice,kind,cruel,thoughtful,careful,careless…ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.Itisveryniceofyoutohelpme.Itwascarelessofhimtomakesuchamistake.四、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：27達標練習(xí)1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou_________(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.After__________(think)everythingover,shedecided_______________(notresign)herpost.You’dbetternotget__________(annoy)athisignorance.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeverythingseems_____________(go)onsmoothly.toadaptthinkingnottoresignannoyedtobegoing達標練習(xí)1.Fillintheblankswith285.Itmightbebetter__________(try)______________(discuss)inhisownlanguageasheisn’tusedto_____________(speak)inEnglishyet.6._________(see)fromthehilltop,thelakeisextremelybeautiful.7.Ifyoucouldn’tgetanything_________(open)thebeerbottlewith,whynot________(try)__________(open)itwithyourteeth.8.WhenIopenthedoorInoticedsomeone_________(sit)byherside____________(talk)withher.totrydiscussingspeakingSeentoopentryopeningsittingtalking5.Itmightbebetter________299.Heranallthewaytothestationonly____