學(xué)術(shù)英語人文unit

學(xué)術(shù)英語人文Academic

Englishfor

HumanitiesUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureLead-inText

AText

BText

CAcademic

Language

and

DiscourseListeningSpeakingWritingUnit

ContentsLead-inLead-in

activitiesSupplementary

informationUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureLead-inActivitiesWhat

is

literature?Choose

from

the

following

forms

of

writing

what

can

becounted

as

literature:newsreportnovelresearch

paperdiarypoemletterUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureHow

do

you

make

the

choice?

(What

makes

youtreat

somethingas

literature

while

dismissing

others

as

non-literature?

)What

is

literature?Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureLead-inSupplementary

informationMany

college

professors,

upholding

atraditional

standard

of

literaryquality,

believe

that

students

should

read

works

whose

artistic

merithas

been

established

over

the

years.

However,

some

have

begun

toquestion

the

very

notion

of

literary

quality

and

the

notion

of

what

isliterature.There

have

been

an

increasing

number

of

studies

of

writersmainlyfor

what

they

have

to

say

rather

than

howwell

they

say

it.The

historical

and

social

impact

of

works

is

gainingimportance,

while

the

once-honored

standards

such

as

grace

ofstyle

and

originality

of

expression

have

been

downgraded.Literature

as

defined

in

dictionariesstories,

poems

and

plays,

especially

those

that are considered

to

have

value

as

art

and

notjust

entertainment(MacMillan

Dictionary)writings

in

prose

or

verse;

especially

writingshaving

excellence

of

form

or

expression

and

expressingideas

of

permanent

or

universal

interest(Merriam-Webster's

Online

Dictionary,11thEdition)Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureLead-inSupplementary

informationUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureLead-inSupplementary

informationLiterature

as

defined

in

dictionaries

written

artistic

works,

especially

those

with

ahigh

and

lasting

artistic

value(Cambridge

Advanced

Learner's

Dictionary)

written

works,

especially

those

considered

ofsuperior

or

lasting

artistic

merit(Compact

Oxford

English

Dictionary)Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

AThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureClassroom

activitiesSupplementary

informationSuggested

answer

keySummarize

Text

A

on

the

basis

of

your

answersto

Task

1

Critical

Reading

and

Thinking

P7Scope

of

literatureContent

of

literatureWork

in

pairs

to

compare

your

answers

to

the

questions in

Task

2

Critical

Reading

and

Thinking

P8Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

AClassroom

activitiesThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureDo

Task

1

Critical

Reading

and

Thinking

P7Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureThe

original

article

“The

Art

of

Literature”Text

A

is

adapted

from

the

article

“The

Art

of

Literature”,

written

byKenneth

Rexroth.Theoriginal

article

consists

of

seven

parts:the

scope

of

literatureliterary

compositioncontent

of

literatureliterature

and

its

audienceliterature

and

its

environmentliterary

genreswritings

on

literatureThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureThe

MusesIn

Greek

mythology,

poetry

and

literature,

Muses

arethegoddesses

who

inspire

the

creation

of

literature

and

the

arts.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationCalliope:

Muse

of

heroic

or

epic

poetry(often

holding

a

stylus

and

wax

tablets)Clio:

Muse

of

history

(often

holding

aparchment

scroll

or

a

set

of

tablets)Erato:

Muse

of

lyric

and

love

poetry

(often

playing

a

lyre)Euterpe:

Muse

of

music

orflutes

(often

playing

a

flute)Melpomene:

Muse

of

tragedy

(often

holding

a

tragic

mask)Polymnia:

Muse

of

sacred

song

and

oratory

(often

with

a

pensive

look)Terpsichore:

Muse

of

dancing

and

choral

song

(often

dancing

and

holding

a

lyre)Thalia:

Muse

of

comedy

(often

holding

a

comic

mask)Urania:

Muse

of

astronomy

(often

holding

a

globe)The

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureClassic

surveys

of

history

as

noble

examples of

the

art

of

literatureUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationOne

example:

History

of

the

Peloponnesian

WarThe

History

of

the

Peloponnesian

War

was

written

by

ancient

Greekhistorian

Thucydides,

who,

as

an

Athenian

general,

served

in

the

war.

Somescholars

view

the

work

as

an

objective

and

scientific

account

of

the

past,written

from

a

purely

intellectual

point

of

view.

But

some

understand

it

as

apiece

of

literature,

in

which

the

author

is

“an

artist

whoresponds

to,

selectsand

skillfully

arranges

his

material,

and

develops

its

symbolic

andemotional

potential”.The

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureEssaysUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationan

analytic,

interpretative,

or

critical

literary

compositionFrancis

Bacon’s

essays,

published

in

book

form

in

1597,

1612,

1625,were

the

first

worksin

English

that

described

themselves

as

essays.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureDialogues

by

PlatoPlato

(428/427

BC

–

348/347

BC),the

greatest

philosopher

andmathematician

of

ancient

Greece,

wrote

extensively.

Most

of

his

writingtakes

the

form

of

dialogues,

in

which

several

characters

argue

a

topic

byasking

questions

of

each

other.

This

form

allows

Plato

to

raise

variouspoints

of

view

and

let

the

reader

decide

which

is

valid.

The

subjectsofdialogues

range

from

philosophy,

logic,

rhetoric

to

mathematics.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureDialogues

by

PlatoPlato

was

apupil

of

Socrates,

who

appears

as

acharacter

in

many

of

thedialogues.

Following

the

death

of

Socrates,

Plato

travelled

widely

insearch

of

learning.

After

twelve

years

he

returned

to

Athens

and

foundedhis

Academy,

which

is

often

described

as

the

first

Europeanuniversity.The

subjects

offered

in

the

Academy

included

astronomy,

biology,mathematics,

political

theory,and

philosophy.

Among

Plato's

pupilswasAristotle.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureMeditations

by

Marcus

AureliusMeditations

is

a

series

of

personal

writings

by

Roman

Emperor

Marcus

Aurelius(121-180).

It

consists

of

reflections

jotted

down

by

the

emperor

at

odd

moments,while

he

was

on

campaign.

The

entries

appear

to

be

in

no

particular

order

andmay

simply

be

in

the

original

order

of

composition.

They

record

the

passingthoughts,

the

maxims,

the

musings

on

life

and

death,

and

Stoic

philosophy.According

to

Meditations,

one

should

avoid

indulgence

in

sensory

affections,and

this

skill

can

free

a

man

from

the

pains

and

pleasures

of

the

material

world,and

the

only

way

a

man

can

be

harmed

by

others

is

to

allow

his

reactiontooverpower

him.

Thestyle

of

the

writings

is

straightforward

and

plain,

but

theMeditations

is

regarded

by

many

as

“unendingly

moving

and

inspiring”.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

information

Natural

History

and

Antiquitiesof

SelbourneGilbert

White

(1720-1793)

was

an

English

naturalist,

ornithologist,and

a

pioneer

of

the

study

of

birds

and

animals

in

their

naturalhabitats,

rather

than

as

specimens.

This

method

ofobservationenabled

him

to

identify

and

record

many

previously

unknown

species.

In

1789,he

published

his

Natural

History

and

Antiquities

of

Selborne

asonevolume.It

wasa

compilation

of

letters

to

zoologist

Thomas

Pennant

and

barrister

DainesBarrington,

two

leading

figures

of

the

RoyalSociety.

In

the

letters,

Whitediscussed

his

observations

and

theories

about

the

local

fauna

and

flora

in

acharming

and

immediate

way.He

pictured

himself

as

well

as

what

he

saw.The

book

is

one

of

the

most

published

in

the

English

language

and

it

has

neverbeen

out

ofprint.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureOratory

of

the

American

IndianAmerican

Indians

were

historically

an

oral

people.

Forexample,

many

told

their

histories

by

oral

tradition.

Achief

of

a

tribe

relied

on

persuasion

rather

than

force

tolead

his

people.Utilizing

natural

metaphors,

Indian

speeches

were

wellcalculated

to

impress

their

target

audiences.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureCicero’s

influence

on

the

development

ofEnglish

prose

styleCicero

had

a

close

study

of

the

rhythms

that

were

likely

to

appeal

to

anaudience.

He

was

the

real

creator

of

the

“periodic

sentence”

style,

in

whichthe

sentences

tend

to

beperiodic

and

phrase

is

balanced

against

phrase,

withsubordinate

clauses

woven

into

acomplex

sentence.

Forexample,For

the

queen,

the

lover,

pleading

always

at

the

heart's

door,

patientlywaits.Thenormal

order

of

the

sentence

is

"Alwayspleading

at

the

heart'sdoor,the

lover

waits

patiently

for

thequeen."The

periodic

style

is

more

exotic

and

arguably

more

poetic.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureThe

Gettysburg

AddressOn

November

19,

1863,

at

the

dedication

of

a

military

cemetery

atGettysburg,

Pennsylvania,

during

the

American

Civil

War,

PresidentAbraham

Lincoln

delivers

one

of

the

most

memorable

speeches

inAmerican

history

–

the

Gettysburg

Address

–fewer

than

300words,delivered

over

2-3

minutes.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Scope

and

Content

of

LiteratureCollective

unconscious“Collective

unconscious”

is

aterm

of

analytical

psychology

introducedby

Carl

Jung

(1875-1961),

a

Swiss

psychiatrist

and

the

founder

ofanalytical

psychology.It

represents

aform

of

the

unconscious

common

to

human

beings

as

awhole

and

related

to

the

inherited

structure

of

the

brain.

It

influences

allof

our

experiences,

behaviors

and

emotions,

but

we

only

knowabout

itindirectly,

by

looking

at

the

effects.For

example,

love

at

first

sight,

the

feeling

that

you

have

beensomewhere

before,

the

immediate

recognition

of

certain

symbols,thecreative

experiences

shared

by

artists,

and

the

striking

similarities

ofdreams,

fairy

tales

and

mythologies

all

over

the

world,

could

all

beunderstood

as

the

effects

of

the

collective

unconscious.The

Dream

of

the

Red

ChamberUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Dream

of

the

Red

ChamberThe

Dream

of

the

Red

Chamber

(《紅樓夢》),or

TheStory

of

theStone

(《石頭記》),is

the

greatest

masterpiece

of

Chinese

classical

novelsof

the

Ming

and

Qingdynasties.The

work

is

comprised

of

120

chapters,

the

first

80

of

which

were

written

byCaoXueqin.

(GaoE

added

40

additional

chapters

to

complete

the

novel.Thenovel

details

the

decline

of

the

wealthy

and

aristocratic

Jiaclan.Revolving

around

Jia

Baoyu

and

the

tragic

love

between

him

and

Lin

Daiyu,it

portrays

the

ruin

of

love,

youth

and

life,

and

exposes

the

rootof

the

tragedy

–

the

feudalsystem.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASupplementary

informationThe

Dream

of

the

Red

ChamberThenovel

is

remarkable

for

itscreation

of

characters

with

distinctivepersonality,

great

cultural

richness,and

precise

observation

of

the

life

andsociety

of

the

18th-century

China.Its

success

also

lies

in

its

writtenvernacular

language

(rather

thanclassical

Chinese),

whichhasproduced

aprofound

impact

on

thedevelopment

of

Chinese

novels.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

to

Q1:Literature

is

a

great

medium

to

reflect

the

human

condition,

cultural

andhistoricalvalues,

and

to

express

feelings

andthoughts.Some

of

the

most

common

themes

in

literature

are:the

relationship

between

human

beings

and

Naturethe

individual

in

society

(e.g.

man’s

struggle

against

societal

pressure)humannaturehuman

relationship

(e.g.

love,

hatred,

etc.)personal

growth(e.g. ing

adversity)

deathMajor

forms

of

human

expression

include

language,

literature,

music,

visualart,cinema,

drama,

history,

and

philosophy.

Cave

paintings

are

perhaps

one

of

the

oldestforms

of

human

expression.

Theycould

either

record

what

had

been

caught

onhunting

trips

or

express

whatthe

hunters

would

like

to

catch

in

the

future.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

to

Q2:(Suggested

answer

to

the

first

question:

How

do

you

understand

these

lines?)Artistic

merit

refers

to

the

judgment

of

the

perceived

quality

or

value

ofculturalproducts

as

works

of

art.

A

piece

of

writing

is

considered

as

having

artistic

meritif

it

has

high

quality

and

some

aesthetic

value.

However,it

is

hard

to

define

theexact

nature

of

artistic

merit

because

the

preferred

standards

may

varyacrosstime

and

place.

A

great

writer

is

someone

whocan

attain

artistic

meritalmosteffortlessly

and

naturally.(You

may

agree

or

disagree

with

the

author,

but

you

need

to

give

your

reasons.)Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

to

Q3:To

test

whether

advertising

copywriting,

a

purely

commercial

fiction,

orcinemaand

television

script

is

an

accepted

form

of

literary

expression,

one

needs

tojudge

whether

that

particular

form

canbring

long-lasting

satisfaction

andconveythe

very

truth

of

human

beings

and

theworld.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

to

Q4:It

cannot

be

denied

that

changes

are

taking

place

continuously,

in

people’s

life,ideology,

science,

technology,

environment,

etc.

However,

there

are

certainuniversal

and

constant

issues

that

transcend

race,

gender,

creed

and

culture,andthey

are

recurring

themes

in

literature.

For

example,

love,

hatred,

fear,

family,honor,

deceit

and

peace.

The

same

patterns

go

on

and

on.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

to

Q5:Integration

of

personality

refers

to

positive

changes

in

one’s

personality,

forexample, ing

emotionally

mature,

getting

adjusted

to

the

environment,

beingable

to

cope

with

inner

conflict,etc.Disintegration

of

personality

refers

to

unfavorable

personality

changes.

This

mayoccur

whensomeone

faces

aseries

of

crises:

job

loss,

marriage

failure,

healthproblem,etc.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

ASuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

to

Q6:One

notable

example

is

the

image

of

Daiyu

burying

the

flowers

(in

Chapter

27).One

day,

Daiyu

is

overwhelmed

by

melancholy

after

a

quarrel

with

Baoyu.

Herinner

sadness

is

reflected

by

her

behavior.

She

goes

to

a

hillside,

buries

some

fallenpetals

there,

weeps

at

the

dead

petals

and

even

creates

a

long

poem

for

the

fadingflowers.In

Chapter

108,

when

Baoyu

thinks

of

Daiyu,

tears

well

up

in

his

eyes,

and

heslipsaway

to

the

Garden.

The

description

of

the

bleak

garden

and

miserable

sceneshowshis

sorrow

over

the

declining

family.The

poems

created

by

the

characters

in

the

novel

are

also

perfect

reflections

oftheirpersonality.

For

example,

the

following

poem

composed

by

Daiyu

(in

Chapter

37)implies

her

own

personality

--

unconventional,

emotional,

prone

to

melancholicspells.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

A半卷湘簾半掩門，碾冰為土玉為盆。偷來梨蕊三分白，借得梅花一縷魂。月窟仙人縫縞袂，秋閨怨女拭啼痕。嬌羞默默同誰訴，倦倚西風(fēng)夜已昏。Beside

the

half-raised

blind,

the

half-closed

door,crushed

ice

for

earth

and

white

jadefor

pot.Three

parts

of

whiteness

from

the

pear-tree

stolen,

One

part

from

plum

for

scent

(which

pear

has

not).Moon-maidens

stitched

them

withwhite

silkenthread,andvirgins’tears

thenew-made

flowers

did

spot，whichnow,likebashful

maids

that

no

wordsay,lean

languid

on

the

breeze

at

close

of

day.（translated

by

David

Hawkes）Suggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P8Suggested

answer

toQ6:

an

example

from

The

Dream

of

the

Red

ChamberUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BIntroducing

Creative

WritingClassroom

activitiesSupplementary

informationSuggested

answer

keyIntroducing

Creative

WritingUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BClassroom

activitiesWhat

is

the

girl

doing?How

is

the

picture

related

to

the

main

idea

of

Text

B?Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BClassroom

activitiesIntroducing

Creative

WritingRead

aloud

the

famous

quotes

by

Hemingway, Moore

and

France

in

Text

B,

and

work

in

pairs to

share

your

understandingDiscuss

the

questions

in

Task2

/

Critical

reading and

thinking

P15Give

a

2-minute

presentation

on

your

findings

in Researching

P15Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSupplementary

informationIntroducing

Creative

WritingErnest

Hemingway

(1899-1961)

and

his

Iceberg

TheoryUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSupplementary

informationIntroducing

Creative

WritingErnest

Hemingway

and

his

Iceberg

Theorybegan

his

writing

career

as

a

journalistdeleting

irrelevant

and

superfluous

mattercreating

a

surface

story

in

which

he

merely

hinted

at

or

evenskipped

the

point

ofthestoryas

objective

and

honest

as

possibleshort

simple

sentences,

largely

of

nouns

andverbs.simple

dialogues

&

simple

use

ofdialoguesunderstatement

conveying

greatironyUnit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSupplementary

informationIntroducing

Creative

WritingErnest

Hemingway

and

his

Iceberg

TheoryIf

a

writer

of

prose

knows

enough

of

what

he

is

writing

abouthe

may

omit

things

that

he

knows

and

the

reader,

ifthe

writer

iswriting

truly

enough,

will

have

a

feeling

of

those

things

asstrongly

as

though

the

writer

had

stated

them.

The

dignity

ofmovement

of

an

ice-berg

is

due

to

only

one-eighth

of

it

beingabove

water.

A

writer

who

omits

things

because

he

does

notknow

them

only

makes

hollow

places

in

hiswriting.—

by

Ernest

Hemingway

(in

Death

in

the

Afternoon)Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSupplementary

informationIntroducing

Creative

WritingMarianne

Moore

and

her

“Picking

and

Choosing”Marianne

Moore

(1887-1972)

was

an

American

Modernist

poet

andwriter.Among

her

many

honors

were

the

Bollingen

prize,

the

National

BookAward,

and

the

Pulitzer

Prize.

Her

use

of

language

was

alwayscondensedand

precise,

capable

of

suggesting

avariety

of

ideas

and

associationswithin

asingle,

compact

image.“Picking

andChoosing”

is

a

poem

about

criticism.

According

toMarianne

Moore,

“A

genuine

achievement

in

criticism

is

an

achievementincreation.”Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSupplementary

informationIntroducing

Creative

WritingMarianne

Moore

and

her

“Picking

and

Choosing”At

the

beginning

of

the

poem,

Moore

tells

critics

thetemptations

to

e:Literature

is

a

phase

of

life:

ifone

is

afraid

of

it,

the

situation

is

irremediable;

ifone

approachesit

familiarly,what

one

says

of

it

is

worthless.

Words

are

constructivewhen

they

are

true;the

opaque

allusion

–

the

simulated

flightupward

–

plishes

nothing.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSupplementary

informationIntroducing

Creative

WritingAnatole

FranceAnatole

France

(1844-1924)

is

often

regarded

asthegreatestFrench

writer

of

the

late

19th

and

early

20th

centuries.He

waselected

to

the

French

Academyin

1896

and

was

awarded

the

Nobel

Prize

for

Literature

in

1921,

in

recognitionofhis

literary

achievements.

His

works

are

remarkable

for

thefocus

on

social

justice

and

for

the

witty,

satirical

writing

style.His

best-remembered

work:L'?le

des

Pingouins

(1908,

tr.

Penguin

Island,

1909)(which

satirizes

human

nature

by

depicting

the

transformation

ofpenguins

into

humans)Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P15Suggested

answer

to

Q1:Think

of

an

empty

page

as

open

space.

--

As

the

first

sentence

of

thetext,it

initiates

us

into

the

world

of

writing

(on

an

empty

page).

It

alsoilluminates

the

central

idea

of

the

text

--

A

writer

should

regard

anempty

page

as

an

open

space

where

everything

is

endlessly

possible.Think

of

that

open

space

as

an

emptypage.

--

This

is

the

last

sentence

ofthe

text.

Theauthor

intentionally

echoes

the

first

sentence,

with

a

subtlechange

of

word

order,

i.e.,

moving

“open

space”

ahead

of

“empty

page”.The

forwarding

of

“open

space”

enables

the

sentence

to

be

closely

tiedto

the

previous

sentence,

which

is

about

starting

a

journey:

Ihope

thatyou

have

already

begun

the

journey.

If

so,

then

everything

is

possible,atthis

point

endlessly

possible.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P15Suggested

answer

to

Q2:According

to

Text

B,

a

writer

creates

a

four-dimensional

fabric

(spaceand

time).

And

the

reader

is

the

co-creator,

who

lives

in

a

psychologicalfifth

dimension

while

reading.

Writing

and

reading

are

collaborative

acts,where

readers

participate

in

the

creation

and

may

be

affected

for

the

restof

their

lives.

Andthis

collaboration

requires

trust

between

the

reader

and

thewriter.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P15Suggested

answer

to

Q3:A

person

may

possess

some

inborn

qualities

as

a

good

writer.

But

to

bea

great

writer,

he/she

needs

to

work

hard

to

build

those

qualities,

nurturethem

and

make

themstronger.

For

example,

the

writer

should

learn

to

ea

great

shaper

of

language,

a

great

reader

and,

most

of

all,

a

greatperson.Unit

1

The

Art

ofLiteratureText

BSuggested

answer

keyTask

2

/

Points

for

discussion

P15Suggested

answer

to