現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時

知識點①：現(xiàn)在完成時一.一般現(xiàn)在時用法：①過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強調(diào)結(jié)果e.g.YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.②過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強調(diào)繼續(xù)e.g.Ihavelivedheresince1990.二.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have/has+過去分詞三.現(xiàn)在完成時的四個基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑問句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthe兩回答work.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.特殊疑問句Whathashedone?四.在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時（1）九詞語①already已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾

e.g.Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已經(jīng)否定句和疑問句句尾e.g.Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾經(jīng)句中e.g.Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never從不句中e.g.IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛句中e.g.Ie.g.Ihavenevere.g.Sofarhehaslearnte.g.Howhavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾beentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前為止200words.⑧howlong多久longhaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次Beijing?e.g.Howmanytimeshashebeento（2）兩詞組

have<has>goneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)have<has>beento去過某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去過北京)（3）兩結(jié)構(gòu)fortwomonthsfor+一段時間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince3yearsagoLucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearssince+過去點時間ago.since1990sincehecamesince+過去時態(tài)句HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere子here.（4）如果句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。e.g.Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？（5）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。五.在現(xiàn)在完成時中，一次性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用e.g.Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（錯）因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for3years連用,改正的辦法有五種：①Hehasboughtthebook..years)(去掉一段時間for3②Heboughtthebook3yearsago般過去時，使句子的意思不變)(改為一③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改為固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改為否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）（用延六.還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere

例：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（錯）Ihavebeenherefor3years.改為：改為：②leave/go→beaway例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（錯）Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beon例：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯）為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.改④open→beopen/close→beclosed例：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(錯)shophasbeenopenfor3years.改為：The⑤die→bedead例：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(錯)years.改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(錯)改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（錯）

改為：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.（錯）e.g.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.改為：Hehashadacoldfor3days.（錯）⑨borrow→keepe.g.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（錯）改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.還有其它的歸納如下：break→bebrokenup→beupgetmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost七.延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞①延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive

②終止性動詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動詞，瞬間動詞，一次性動詞。表示的動作不能延續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。如：leave,start,setout,arrive,reach,getto,begin,stop,shut,turnoff,marry,put,puton,getup,wake,fall,join,me