專升本虛擬語氣講解課件

虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1IfIwereaboy,IthinkIcouldunderstandhowitfeelstoloveagirl.IfIwereaboy,IthinkIcou2歷年考題07年17題單選，08年25題單選,09年21題單選，09年49題翻譯，10年18題單選，10年47題翻譯，11年22題單選，12年24題單選，13年單選。歷年考題07年17題單選，3四種語氣陳述語氣.Herfiguremakesmefeelgreasy.祈使語氣.Getout!疑問語氣.Haveyouevereatenanydetergent?虛擬語氣.IfIwereyou,Iwouldeatsomedetergent.四種語氣陳述語氣.Herfiguremakesme4定義：虛擬語氣是以動(dòng)詞不同形式來體現(xiàn)說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義的一種語氣。虛擬語氣所表達(dá)的含義是客觀不存在的，或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。定義：虛擬語氣是以動(dòng)詞不同形式來體現(xiàn)說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，5虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用。（事態(tài)倒退）2.shoulddo形式的虛擬語氣虛1.虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用。（事態(tài)倒退）2.sho6二、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用。（事態(tài)倒退）1.區(qū)別真實(shí)條件狀語從句和非真實(shí)條件狀語從句。（1）.真實(shí)條件句：表達(dá)現(xiàn)實(shí)或可能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件。Eg：IfIhavetime,IwillstudyGerman.(我確實(shí)有可能有時(shí)間，然后我就去學(xué)習(xí)德語。)二、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用。（事態(tài)倒退）1.區(qū)別真實(shí)7Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙，他會(huì)幫你的。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.如果你考試不及格，你會(huì)讓他失望的。Ifitrains,wewillstopplaying.如果天下雨，我們就不玩了。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpy8（2）.非真實(shí)條件句：表達(dá)非現(xiàn)實(shí)或不可能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件。Eg：IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyGerman.(我由于某些原因，而不可能有時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí)德語，表達(dá)愿望。)Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier,ifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic.如果沒有堵車，我會(huì)到的早一點(diǎn)兒。IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iwouldhave

mether.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了）（2）.非真實(shí)條件句：表達(dá)非現(xiàn)實(shí)或不可能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件。Eg92.表達(dá)形式2.表達(dá)形式10從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在虛擬did/wereWould/should/might/could+do過去虛擬HaddoneWould/should/might/could+havedone將來虛擬Did(were)ShouddoWeretodoWould/should/might/could+do從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在did/wereWou11examples現(xiàn)在虛擬條件句Ifallcandidatesweregirls,thebosswouldbeveryenthusiastic.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.examples現(xiàn)在虛擬條件句12曾經(jīng)有一份真誠(chéng)的愛情放在我面前，我沒有珍惜，等我失去的時(shí)候我才后悔莫及，人世間最痛苦的事莫過于此。如果上天能夠給我一個(gè)再來一次的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)對(duì)那個(gè)女孩子說三個(gè)字：我愛你。如果非要在這份愛上加上一個(gè)期限，我希望是……一萬年！IfGodgavemeanotherchance,Iwouldsaythreewordstothegirl“ILOVEYOU”.曾經(jīng)有一份真誠(chéng)的愛情放在我面前，我沒有珍惜，等我失去的時(shí)候我13從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在虛擬did/wereWould/should/might/could+do過去虛擬HaddoneWould/should/might/could+havedone將來虛擬Did(were)ShouddoWeretodoWould/should/might/could+do從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在did/wereWou14examples過去虛擬條件句Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iwouldhavemether.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.examples過去虛擬條件句15翻譯如果你想死，那就找塊豆腐吧。（用過去虛擬翻譯）Ifyouhadwantedtodie,youcouldhavefoundapieceoftofu.翻譯如果你想死，那就找塊豆腐吧。（用過去虛擬翻譯）16從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在虛擬did/wereWould/should/might/could+do過去虛擬HaddoneWould/should/might/could+havedone將來虛擬Did(were)ShouddoWeretodoWould/should/might/could+do從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式現(xiàn)在did/wereWou17examplesIfheshouldactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.examplesIfheshouldactlike18did/wereWould/should/might/could+doHaddoneWould/should/might/could+havedoneDid(were)ShouddoWeretodoWould/should/might/could+doIfdid/wereWould/should/might/co193.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有些句子主句謂語（主句一般有明確的時(shí)間狀語，或者從各自的動(dòng)詞形式可以看出）和從句謂語表示的動(dòng)作在發(fā)生時(shí)間上不一致，這類句子我們成為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”。Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.Ifhewerefree,wewouldhavesenthimtothemoonlastmonth.3.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有些句子主句謂語（主句一般有明確的時(shí)間狀語20IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineernow.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworld()morepeacefulnow.mightbeIfIhadworkedhardatschool21(10年47題翻譯）Theywouldn’tbefeelingsotirediftheyhadn’tbeenwalkingforawholeday.要不是之前走了一天的路，她們現(xiàn)在不會(huì)這樣疲倦。(10年47題翻譯）Theywouldn’tbefee224.虛擬語氣中的省略倒裝如果在if等詞引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/系動(dòng)詞were/助動(dòng)詞had，可將if等詞去掉，再將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/系動(dòng)詞were/助動(dòng)詞had提到句首。Ifallcandidatesweregirls,thebosswouldbeveryenthusiastic.Wereallcandidatesgirls,thebosswouldbeveryenthusiastic.4.虛擬語氣中的省略倒裝如果在if等詞引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句中有情23Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.此句需不需要將not和had一起提前呢？Ifheshouldactlikethataga24注意如果情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/系動(dòng)詞were/助動(dòng)詞had為否定形式，則只提前情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/系動(dòng)詞were/助動(dòng)詞had，不提前not。Hadthewarsnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.注意如果情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/系動(dòng)詞were/助動(dòng)詞had為25怎么變倒裝？IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.HadIamilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)怎么變倒裝？IfIhadamilliondolla26Have可以是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，也可以是助動(dòng)詞。Have——>助動(dòng)詞，表“已經(jīng)”，havedone。倒裝是這種形式。Have——>實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，表“有”，have+sth。這種形式不能倒裝。IfIhad

amillion

dollars,Iwouldquitthejob.這里這句話是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，had是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，不能省略倒裝。Have可以是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，也可以是助動(dòng)詞。27區(qū)別have用法的不同IfIhad

amilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.IfSunWukonghadnogoldencudgel['k?d?(?)l],itwouldjustbeanordinarymonkey.Ifthewarshadnot

brokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.區(qū)別have用法的不同IfIhadamillion285.含蓄條件句含蓄條件句中沒有明確的虛擬條件句，而是用其它形式來暗示存在虛擬條件。（1）.時(shí)態(tài)和主句保持一致的詞。如：butfor+詞,otherwise+句子,without+詞。5.含蓄條件句含蓄條件句中沒有明確的虛擬條件句，而是用其它形29Eg：Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thave

finishedthework.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Wedidn'tliketheparty,otherwisewewouldhave

attendedit.Eg：Butforyourhelp,wecould30（09年21題）Ididn’tknowhertelephonenumber,otherwiseI____her.A.telephonedB.hadtelephonedC.wastelephoningD.wouldhavetelephonedD（09年21題）Ididn’tknowhertele31(2).時(shí)態(tài)和從句保持一致的詞。如：wish，wouldrather,wouldsooner,asif（需要主句）,asthough（需要主句）,ifonly等。表將來虛擬時(shí)用would/coulddo比shoulddo多。(2).時(shí)態(tài)和從句保持一致的詞。如：wish，would32Ifonlyshedidn’tgetmarried.(現(xiàn)在虛擬)IfonlyErKang’snaresweresmaller.Iwishlivescouldbeinfinite.Iwouldrather/soonerthathewerealive.Helookedasif/thoughhehadbeenstruckbythelightning.Ifonlyshedidn’tgetmarried33（10年18題）Mr.Brainwisheshiswife____inAmericaforonemoremonth.A.couldstayB.isstayingC.staysD.hasstayedA（10年18題）Mr.Brainwisheshisw346.固定句型Itisthe/(the)high/(the)verytimethat+主語+did…Itwasthe/(the)high/(the)verytimethat+主語+haddone…Itisthetimethatwedismissedtheclass.Itwasthehightimethatwehad

dismissedtheclass.6.固定句型Itisthe/(the)high/(the35三、shoulddo形式的虛擬語氣1.表命令，建議，要求，請(qǐng)求等詞+從句(如：advice,decision,demand,desire,insistence,motion,necessity,order,preference,proposal,pray,recommendation,request,requirement,resolution,suggestion等。)三、shoulddo形式的虛擬語氣1.表命令，建議，要求，36動(dòng)詞+賓語從句+（Should）do名詞+同位語從句名詞+be+表語從句Itis+形容詞+that主語從句動(dòng)詞+賓語從句名詞+同位語從句名詞+be+表語從句It37examplesTheydemandedthattherighttovote(should)begiventoeveryadult.Wemadethesuggestionthathe(should)gobytrain.Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.Itwasdecidedthathe(should)go.examplesTheydemandedthatthe38(13年單選)suggesther選doing。很多人當(dāng)成虛擬語氣，選了shoulddo。這里的her是賓格，不是主格。所以注意！(13年單選)suggesther選doing。很多人當(dāng)39（12年24題）Thedoctorsuggestedthathe____upsmokingimmediately.A.wouldgiveB.gaveC.giveD.givesc（12年24題）Thedoctorsuggestedt402.Itbe()+that+主語(should)doItis/was形容詞表命令，建議，要求，請(qǐng)求等詞的形容詞形式+that+主語（should）doImportant，essential，necessary等表命令，建議，要求，請(qǐng)求等詞的done形式名詞（如：apity,nowonder,ashame,anurgency）2.Itbe()+that+主語(should)41Itwasdecidedthathe(should)go.Itisstrangethatsuchaperson（should）beourfriend.Itwasdecidedthathe(should42（07年17題）It’sessentialthattheapplicationforms___backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbeB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresentC（07年17題）It’sessentialthatth43(08年25題)It’sessentialthattheapplicationforms___backassoonaspossible.A.mustbe