蘭州大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2011年蘭州大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:TranslatethefollowingWords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30’)1．OPEC【答案】石油輸出國(guó)家組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)查看答案2．GNP【答案】國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值(grossnationalproduct)查看答案3．ADB【答案】亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行(AsianDevelopmentBank)查看答案4．FDA【答案】食品及藥物管理局(FoodandDrugAdministration)查看答案5．ISO【答案】國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(InternationalStandardizationOrganization)查看答案6．WIPO【答案】世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織(WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization)查看答案7．LDCs【答案】最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家(LeastDevelopedCountries)查看答案8．UNCTAD【答案】聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)查看答案9．Plc【答案】公共有限公司(PublicLimitedCompany)查看答案10．deflation【答案】通貨緊縮查看答案11．pre-jobtraining【答案】崗前培訓(xùn)查看答案12．capitalaccount【答案】固定資產(chǎn)賬戶(hù)，資本性賬戶(hù)查看答案13．BloombergNews【答案】彭博新聞社查看答案14．Euro-zone【答案】歐元區(qū)查看答案15．labor-intensiveenterprises【答案】勞動(dòng)密集型企業(yè)查看答案16．物業(yè)管理【答案】propertymanagement查看答案17．安全生產(chǎn)【答案】worksafety查看答案18．高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品【答案】High-techproducts查看答案19．生態(tài)建設(shè)【答案】ecologicalconstruction查看答案20．便民利民措施【答案】Measuresfortheconvenienceandbenefitsofthepublic查看答案21．財(cái)政赤字【答案】financialdeficit查看答案22．國(guó)債【答案】nationaldebt查看答案23．小康社會(huì)【答案】amoderatelyprosperoussociety查看答案24．三通【答案】ThreeDirectLinks(Mail,AirandShippingServicesandTrade)查看答案25．可再生能源【答案】renewableenergy查看答案26．上海合作組織【答案】ShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO)查看答案27．外資金融機(jī)構(gòu)【答案】foreignfinancialinstitution查看答案28．著作權(quán)法【答案】copyrightlaw查看答案29．投資性公司【答案】investmentcompany查看答案30．商業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)【答案】commercialfranchise查看答案II.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.(120’)Sourcetext1:Onebyone,economiesaroundtheworldarestumbling.Bycuttinginterestratesagainthisweek—fortheseventhtimethisyear—theFederalReservehopesitcankeepAmericaoutofrecession.Butinanincreasingnumberofeconomies,fromJapantoTaiwantoMexicoandBrazil,GDPisalreadyshrinking.Globalindustrialproductionfeltatanannualrateof6percentinthefirsthalfof2001.Earlyestimatessuggestthatgrossworldproduct,asawhole,mayhavecontractedinthesecondquarter,forpossiblythefirsttimeintwodecades.Welcometothefirstglobalrecessionofthe21stcentury.Sofar,Americaitselfhasescapedatechnicalrecession,definedastwoquartersoffallingGDP.ButonAugust29revisedfiguresareexpectedtoshowthatAmerica’sGDPgrowthinthesecondquarterwasclosetozeroorevennegative,ratherthanthe0.7percentannualrateoriginallyannounced.WithGDPgrowingwellbelowtrendforseveralquarters,profitstumblingandunemploymentrising,itnowsmellshorriblylikearecession.Earlierthisyear,whenAmericanfirstsneezed,theEuropeanCentralBank(alongwithmostprivate-sectoreconomists)arguedthattheEuroareawasinsulatedfromAmerica’sslowdownandhadlittletoworryabout.Thisseemstohavebeenwrong.InGermanytherearefearsaboutrecessionasbusinessinvestmentandretailsalestumble.RecentfiguresconfirmedthatGermany’sGDPstagnatedinthesecondquarter,Italy’sGDPfellinthesecondquarter,and’althoughgrowthhasheldupbetterinFranceandSpain,thegrowthintheEuroareaasawholewasclosetozerointhequarter.NobodyisforecastinganactualrecessionintheEuroareathisyear,butitisnolongerexpectedtoprovideanengineforworldgrowth.AsforJapan,itisprobablyalreadyinrecession.Japan’sGDPgrewslightlyinthefirstquarter.GoldmanSachsreckonsthatfigurescouldshowthatGDPfeltatanannualrateofasmuchas6percentinthesecondquarter,andthecontractionhasalmostcertainlycontinuedintothesecondhalfoftheyear.Persistentdeflationcontinuestobeasevereproblem.(364words)[Keywords]:recession衰退GoldmanSachs高盛投資公司【參考譯文】全球經(jīng)濟(jì)接二連三受挫。美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)本周會(huì)再次降息（即今年的第七次降息），希望此舉能力挽狂瀾，阻止美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退。但是從日本到臺(tái)灣，墨西哥到巴西，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值縮水的國(guó)家和地區(qū)越來(lái)越多。2001年上半年全球工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的年下降率已達(dá)6%。初步預(yù)計(jì)，全球的生產(chǎn)總值總體上可能會(huì)在第二季度出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，這可是20年來(lái)的第一次。21世紀(jì)第一次全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退已經(jīng)正式來(lái)臨。若以GDP連續(xù)兩季度負(fù)增長(zhǎng)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，美國(guó)目前還沒(méi)有陷入衰退。但是美國(guó)8月29日將公布第二季度國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值修正數(shù)字，原定的0.7%的年增長(zhǎng)率可能修正為接近零甚至是負(fù)值。隨著GDP連續(xù)幾個(gè)季度大幅度下滑，企業(yè)獲利萎縮，失業(yè)增加，美國(guó)愈來(lái)愈有陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的趨勢(shì)。今年早些時(shí)候，美國(guó)初步出現(xiàn)金融危機(jī)征兆時(shí)，歐洲中央銀行（還有大部分私人部門(mén)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們）認(rèn)為歐元區(qū)不會(huì)受到美國(guó)的影響，根本不用擔(dān)心。但目前看來(lái)，這種看法大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。德國(guó)的商業(yè)投資和零售銷(xiāo)售額都有所下降，因此有人害怕德國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)也會(huì)衰退。近日有數(shù)據(jù)表明，德國(guó)的第二季度GDP停滯不前，意大利的也有所下降。盡管法國(guó)和西班牙的情況較為樂(lè)觀，但整個(gè)歐洲第二季度的增長(zhǎng)幾乎為零。沒(méi)有人預(yù)料到歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)今年真的會(huì)衰退，但人們不會(huì)期待歐洲會(huì)帶動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了。日本經(jīng)濟(jì)可能已經(jīng)衰退了。今年第一季度，日本的GDP增長(zhǎng)緩慢，高盛投資公司預(yù)測(cè)第一季度的數(shù)字表明下一季度GDP生產(chǎn)總值可能會(huì)下降6%，而且這一情況肯定會(huì)延續(xù)到今年下半年。長(zhǎng)期的通貨緊縮是一個(gè)很?chē)?yán)重的問(wèn)題。Sourcetext2:過(guò)去一年多來(lái)，中國(guó)政府努力擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)，積極吸收外商來(lái)華投資，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇做出了貢獻(xiàn)。然而，近來(lái)出現(xiàn)了一些擔(dān)憂(yōu)，特別是在外企中間，認(rèn)為中國(guó)不再像以前那樣重視和歡迎外資了。事實(shí)上，中國(guó)今后將更加開(kāi)放，中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的大門(mén)始終對(duì)外資敞開(kāi)。在金融危機(jī)期間，中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策不動(dòng)搖。2008年末，我們推出了規(guī)模為4萬(wàn)億的一攬子刺激方案，同時(shí)啟動(dòng)了電子信息業(yè)、物流、裝備制造等產(chǎn)業(yè)的調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃。在一些重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域投資和建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招標(biāo)過(guò)程中，我們?yōu)樗衅髽I(yè)(不管是中國(guó)企業(yè)還是外國(guó)企業(yè))創(chuàng)造公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。例如，在2009年中國(guó)開(kāi)展的12439個(gè)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品國(guó)際招標(biāo)采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目中，外資企業(yè)中標(biāo)數(shù)占項(xiàng)目總數(shù)的55.4%。30多年來(lái)，外商直接投資的引入不僅帶來(lái)了資金，更帶來(lái)了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)備、管理和經(jīng)營(yíng)理念，有力地促進(jìn)了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、技術(shù)和管理創(chuàng)新。(350words)[注釋]一攬子刺激計(jì)劃stimuluspackage調(diào)整和振興計(jì)劃readjustmentprograms機(jī)電產(chǎn)品electromechanicalproducts【參考譯文】Forthelastyear,Chinahasexpandeddomesticdemandandworkedtoattractforeigninvestment,contributingtotheglobalrecovery.However,concernshaverecentlybeenfloated,notleastamongforeignbusinesses,thatChinaisnowlesswelcomingofforeigninvestment.Infact,ChinawillopenwiderinthefutureandChinawelcomesforeigninvestment.Chinahasupheldopening-uppolicythroughoutthefinancialcrisis.Inlate2008,weadoptedaRMB4,000billionstimuluspackage,alongwithreadjustmentandrecoveryprogr