2023年自考類英語自考英語詞匯學(xué)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年自考類英語自考英語詞匯學(xué)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsis______.A.morphemeB.affixesC.rootD.stem2.The______dictionaryisratheralatedevelopmentbecausetheearliestdictionarieswereall______.A.bilingual;monolingualB.unabridged;deskC.monolingual;bilingualD.desk;unabridged3.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishvocabularyareproducedthrough______.A.affixationB.clippingC.compoundingD.shortening4.Whichofthefollowingareboundmorphemes?A.Boundroots.B.Inflectionalaffixes.C.Derivationalaffixes.D.Alltheabove.5.CCELDisdistinctiveforits______.A.cleargrammarcodesB.languagenotesC.usagenotesD.extracolumns6.Observationshowsthatitismuchmorecommonforwordmeaningstochangeindenotationfrom______topejorativethanitisforthemtogotheotherway.7.Lexiealmeaninghasconceptualmeaningand______meaning.8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.OldEnglishwasa.highlyinflectedlanguage.B.InearlyMiddleEnglishperiod,English,LatinandCelticexistedsidebyside.C.TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginningofModernEnglishperiod.D.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dayEnglishisthecreationofnewwordsbymeansofword-formation.9.TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyon______.A.borrowingB.word-formationC.conversionD.thenumberofthepeoplespeakingEnglish10.______aremainlyproverbsandsayings.A.IdiomsnominalinnatureB.IdiomsverbalinnatureC.IdiomsadverbialinnatureD.Sentenceidioms11.______istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.12.Thereisassociatedtransfer,forexample,thelipofawound;thetongueofabell;the______ofaplane,inwhichthemeaningistransferredthroughassociation.A.eyesB.faceC.noseD.ears13.Themainbodyofadictionaryis______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionsofwordsD.usage14.InOldEnglishtherewas______agreementbetweensoundandform.A.moreB.littleC.lessD.gradual15.Manyofthewritingsinancienttimesarehardtounderstandinthatmanyofthewordsinthemwereusedindifferent______fromwhattheyhavenowindictionaries.A.sensesB.formsC.dialectsD.terms16.amelioration17.TheunmarkedtermOfanantonymouspairoftencoversthe______ofthemarked.18.Wordscanbeclassifiedaccordingtothefollowingcriteriaexcept______.A.notionB.usefrequencyC.foundationD.origin19."Silly"meant"happy"inoldEnglish,butnowitmeans"foolish".Thismodeofword-meaningchangeis______.A.elevationB.extensionC.transferD.degradation20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.OldEnglishwasahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.RevivingarchaicorobsoletewordsalsocontributestothegrowthofEnglishvocabulary.C.Theword"cloak"isofFrenchorigin.D.ModernEnglishisasyntheticlanguage.21.Whichofthefollowingaboutextra-linguisticcontextistrue?______A.Itcanbesubdividedintoextra-linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.B.Itonlyreferstothephysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.C.Itembracesthepeople,time,sizeandplace.D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.22.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisoverone______words.23.______istheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialphrasesandtechnicalterms.24.Affixation,alsocalled______,isoneofthewordformations.25.Whichofthefollowingwordsisbroughtaboutbypoliticalchangesasregardsthegrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabulary?______A.Smartbomb.B.Astrochemistry.C.Watergate.D.Tenor.26.Verbcompoundsarecreatedeitherthrough______or______.A.affixation;conversionB.clipping;affixationC.conversion;backformationD.backformation;borrowing27.Theoriginalmeaningofmanuscriptis______.A.anyauthor'swritingB.handwritingC.anyauthor'sworksD.apieceofpaper28.______isacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy29.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistreeorfalse,basedonyourunderstandingofthestylisticfeaturesofidioms.

Asfarasstylisticvaluesareconcerned,mostidiomsareformal.30.Somewordscanhavetwodifferenttypesofantonymsatthesametime,onebeing______.andtheotheropposite.31.Webster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryisthebest-known______dictionary.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.encyclopedic32.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesisto______.A.changetheword-classofrootsB.changethemeaningofstemsC.changethegrammaticalfunctionofstemsD.changethestructureofroots33.alien34.Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgive______ofreferents.35.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"isrealizedby/iz/afterthefollowingsoundsEXCEPT______.

A./s/

B./g/

C./z/

D.36."Soonerorlater"hasrhetorical______colouring.A.rhymeB.alliterationC.reiterationD.juxtaposition37."Generalofficer","editorialarticle"and"goldmedal"areoftenshortenedas"general","editorial"and"gold"respectively.Inthesecasesthereisa______behindthissortofsemanticchange.A.foreigninfluenceB.socialcauseC.linguisticcauseD.psychologicalcause38.Therearefourtypesofborrowedwords:______,aliens,translation-loansandsemantic-loans.39.Theword"airmail"is______motivated.A.onomatopoeicallyB.etymologicallyC.semanticallyD.morphologically40.Theprefixesinwordsextra-strong,overweightandarchbishopare______.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixes41.amelioration42.______istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Context43.Thesynonymouspair"die-passaway"hasthesame______butdifferentstylisticvalues.44.Alegalterm"alibi"signifying"pleathattheaccusedisnotattheplacewhenthecrimeiscommitted"nowmeans"excuse".Thischangeofword-meaningiscalled______.A.transferB.narrowingC.extensionD.degradation45.LDCEisa______dictionary.46.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled______.47.Inmostcasesanouncanbeconvertedtoaverb______.A.withsomechangesB.withoutanychangeC.withsomechangesinspellingD.withoutanychangeinpronunciation48.Intheidiom"powderone'snose",______isused.A.metaphorB.euphemismC.metonymyD.synecdoche49.IllustratethedifferenceofsynchronicstudyanddiachronicstudyofEnglishlexicologywithanexample.50.Whichofthefollowingisnotonetypeofidioms?A.Sentenceidioms.B.Idiomsnominalinnature.C.Idiomsadverbialinnature.D.Clausalidioms.第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：A[解析]詞素是構(gòu)詞中最小的功能單位。答案為A。2.參考答案：C[解析]Themonolingualdictionaryisratheralatedevelopmentbecausetheearliestdictionarieswereallbilingual.單語詞典是一個(gè)相當(dāng)新的發(fā)展，因?yàn)樽钤绲脑~典都是雙語的。答案為C。3.參考答案：A4.參考答案：D[解析]粘附詞素有兩種：粘附詞根(boundroots)和詞綴。詞綴又可以分為屈折詞綴和派生詞綴。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。5.參考答案：DCCELD有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：特色的定義、另辟豎欄和用法舉例，但是這部詞典中設(shè)置的專欄是獨(dú)具特色的。6.參考答案：neutral7.參考答案：associative[解析]詞匯意義包括概念意義和什么意義?Lexicalmeaninghastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning。答案為associative。8.參考答案：B[解析]在中古英語早期，并存的語言是法語、拉丁語和英語。凱爾特語(Celtic)僅在古英語時(shí)期有過一定的影響。9.參考答案：B[解析]TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyonword-formation.現(xiàn)代英語中的詞匯擴(kuò)展主要依靠構(gòu)詞法。答案為B。10.參考答案：D[解析]sentenceidiomsaremainlyproverbsandsayings.句式習(xí)語主要是諺語和格言。答案為D。11.參考答案：Blending[解析]通過合并兩個(gè)詞的某些部分或一個(gè)詞與另外一個(gè)詞的一部分相加來構(gòu)成新詞的方法叫什么?Blendingistheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.答案為Blending。12.參考答案：C13.參考答案：C[解析]Themainbodyofadictionaryisitsdefinitionsofwords.一本詞典的正文是其單詞的定義。答案為C。14.參考答案：A[解析]在英語的早期即古英語中口語和書面語形式比今天的現(xiàn)代英語更趨于一致。答案為A。15.參考答案：A[解析]語義(sense)指的是語言內(nèi)部的關(guān)系，許多古代文學(xué)作品中的詞現(xiàn)代讀者無法讀懂就是因?yàn)樵诠糯髦?，表達(dá)同一個(gè)概念或者意思，作者使用的詞和現(xiàn)在人們通常使用的詞不同。16.參考答案：Ameliorationisalsocalledelevation,atermreferringtotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance,e.g.,"nice"usedtomean"ignorant",thenchangedto"foolish"andnowitiselevatedtomean"pleasant,delightful".17.參考答案：meaning[解析]反義詞對(duì)中意義更具體的那個(gè)詞經(jīng)常被意義更廣泛的所包含，前者被稱為標(biāo)記詞markedterm，后者為unmarkedterm。如Howtallishisbrother?包含了Howshortishisbrother?而反之，則不能成立，即反義詞對(duì)tall/short中，tall為unmarkedterm，short為markedterm，前者意思包含了后者。答案為meaning。18.參考答案：C[解析]Wordsmayfallintothebasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabularybyuseoffrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion，andintonativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin．可以按使用頻率，有無實(shí)義和起源來分別將詞分類。答案為C。19.參考答案：D[解析]詞義的降格與詞義的升格相反，這是詞從表示褒揚(yáng)或中性的意義向表示貶義的意義的演變過程。silly一詞的詞義正是經(jīng)歷了這種變化。答案為D。20.參考答案：D21.參考答案：D22.參考答案：million23.參考答案：Acronymy[解析]由首字母組合在一起作為一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單詞拼音的詞叫做什么?Acronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorspecialnounphrasesandtechnicalterms.答案為Acronymy。24.參考答案：derivation[解析]詞綴法，又稱為什么，是構(gòu)詞法之一?Thisprocessisalsoknownasderivation．答案為derivation。25.參考答案：C[解析]watergate(水門，由水門事件產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)新詞)屬于由政治變化產(chǎn)生的詞；smartbomb(激光制導(dǎo)炸彈)，astrochemistry(天體化學(xué))都是由迅速發(fā)展的科技產(chǎn)生的詞匯；tenor(男高音)是由于社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展在樂音方面的新詞匯。答案為C。26.參考答案：C[解析]Thelimitednumberofverbsiscreatedeitherthroughconversionorbackformation.有限的動(dòng)詞復(fù)合詞是按轉(zhuǎn)類法或逆生法構(gòu)詞的。答案為C。27.參考答案：B[解析]Thewordmanuscript,whichnowmeans"anyauthor'swritingwhetherwrittenbyhandortypedwithatype-writeroraword-processor."butitsoriginalmeaningwas"handwriting"only.manuscript現(xiàn)義為“手稿”，不論作者是手寫還是打印，或者是用文字處理機(jī)書寫，而其原義為“手跡”。答案為B。28.參考答案：B[解析]Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.多義關(guān)系是所有自然語言都具有的共同特征。答案為B。29.參考答案：Thisstatementisfalse.Alargeproportionofidiomswereoncecreatedbyworkingpeopleofvariousoccupations,andtheseexpressionswereallcolloquialandinformal.Buttheirusefulnesshasmadethemenjoysignificantpopularityamongpeoplesothattheyhavebecomepartofthecommoncoreoflanguage.Despitethefact,idiomsaregenerallyfelttobeinformalandsomearecolloquialismsandslang,thereforeinappropriateforformalstyle.30.參考答案：negative31.參考答案：A[解析]《韋伯斯特第三版新國際大詞典》是最著名的一本大型詞典。答案為A。32.參考答案：C[解析]Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethegrammaticalfunctionofstems．后綴的主要功用是改變?cè)~干意義的語法功能。答案為C。33.參考答案：Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling,e.g.,kowtow,intermezzo,emir,rajaretc.34.參考答案：indication35.參考答案：B36.參考答案：D[解析]soonerorlater意為“遲早”，運(yùn)用了鄰接修辭，即juxtaposition。答案為D。37.參考答案：C[解析]用單獨(dú)的一個(gè)詞來表示原本完整的短語所表達(dá)的意思是語義變化中語言因素起作用的情況之一，在這種情況下，不管留下的部分是名詞還是形容詞，它們都執(zhí)行名詞的功能，代替整個(gè)短語的意思。38.參考答案：denizens[解析]外來語可分4類：什么、非同化詞、譯借詞和借義詞?Therearefourtypesofborrowedwords:denizens,aliens,translation-loansandsemantic-loans．答案為denizens。39.參考答案：D[解析]復(fù)合詞和派生詞(derivedwords)均是多詞素詞，它們中許多詞語的意思都是其構(gòu)成詞素的意思的集合。在許多情況下，如果知道一個(gè)詞中每一個(gè)詞素的意思，就可以猜出整個(gè)詞語的意思。例如，airmail就是通過空運(yùn)傳遞的郵件，即mailbyair。40.參考答案：B[解析]extra-strong(十分強(qiáng)壯)，overweight(超重)，archbishop(大主教)，可見前綴extra-，over-和arch-是表示程度、大小等意義的前綴，即prefixesofdegreeorsize。答案為B。41.參考答案：Ameliorationisalsocalledelevation,atermreferringtotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance,e.g.,"nice"usedtomean"ignorant",thenchangedto"foolish"andnowitiselevatedtomean"pleasant,delightful".42.參考答案：B概念(concept)超越了語言本身，它是人們認(rèn)知的結(jié)果，是客觀世界在人腦中的反映。43.參考答案：concept[解析]die和passaway表示的概念是相同的，但社會(huì)文化和文體有差異。答案為concept。44.參考答案：C[解析]Extensionofmeaningisalsofoundinmanytechnicalterms,whichasthetermsuggestsareconfinedtospecializeduse.許多意義有專指的技術(shù)術(shù)語中也有詞義擴(kuò)大的現(xiàn)象。比如說，alibi原義為“不在犯罪現(xiàn)場的抗辨”，現(xiàn)義為“辯解，托辭”。答案為C。45.參考答案：monolingual[解析]LDCE(《朗文當(dāng)代英語詞典》)是什么樣的詞典?LDCEandCCE