2023年考博英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年考博英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive______.A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts2.1triedveryhardtopersuadehertojoinourstudygroupbutImetwithflat______.A.declineB.rejectionC.refusalD.refutation3.Thecampsarenotusuallytent-tupecamps.

Theyaremostlylong-established______structures,oftenwithstrangeIndiannames.A.permanentB.monotonousC.rawD.historical4.Laura,whocomesfromawealthyfamily,spendsmostofhertimeenjoyingherself,buttakes______painswithherlessons.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew5.Theactorshaveto______beforetheyappearinfrontofthestronglightsontelevision.A.coverupB.makeupC.paintupD.doup6.SCISSORS:TAILORA.brush:painterB.computer:writerC.wagon:farmerD.saw:carpenter7.Americansfinditdifficulttothinkaboutoldageuntiltheyarcpropelledintothemidstofitbytheirownagingandthatofrelativesandfriends.Agingistheneglectedstepchildofthehumanlifecycle.Thoughwehavebeguntoexaminethesociallytaboosubjectsofdyinganddeath,wehaveleapedoverthatlongperiodoftimeprecedingdeathknownasoldage.Intruth,itiseasiertomanage

theproblemofdeaththantheproblemoflivingasanoldperson.Deathisadramatic,one-timecrisiswhileoldageisaday-by-dayandyea?-by-yearconfrontationwithpowerfulexternalandinternal

forces,abittersweetcomingtotermswithone'sownpersonalityandone'slife.(1)

Webaseourfeelingsonprimitivefears,prejudiceandstereotypesratherthanonknowledgeandinsight.Inreality，thewayoneexperiencesoldageiscontingentuponcircumstancesoflate-lifeevents

(inwhatordertheyoccur,howtheyoccur,whentheyoccur)andthesocialsupportsonereceives:adequatefinances,shelter,medicalcare，socialroles,religioussupport,recreation.(2)Allofthesearecrucialandinterconnectedelementswhichtogetherdeterminethequalityoflatelife.

Oldageisneitherinherentlymiserablenorinherentlysublime—likeeverystageoflifeithasproblems,joys,fearsandpotentials.Theprocessofagingandeventualdeathmustultimatelybeaccepted

asthenaturalprogressionofthelifecycle,theoldcompletingtheirprescribedlifespansandmakingwayfortheyoung.(3)Muchthatisuniqueinoldageinfactderivesfromtherealityofaging

andtheimminenceofdeath.Theoldmustclarifyandfinduseforwhattheyhaveattainedinalifetimeoflearningandadapting;theymustconservestrengthandresourceswherenecessaryandadjust

creativelytothosechangesandlossesthatoccuraspartoftheagingexperience.(4)Theelderlyhavethepotentialforqualitiesofhumanreflectionandobservationwhichcanonlycomefromhavinglivedanentirelifespan.Thereisalifetimeaccumulationofpersonalityandexperiencewhichis

availabletobeusedandenjoyed.(5)8.The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription9.Manycriticsconsiderthatfarmorestressisplacedonachievementsinathleticsthanintheacademicsphere.We'retoldthatit's______tocompelboyswithnoathleticbenttospendhoursofmiseryontheplayground,when,iflefttothemselves,theywouldoccupytheirtimefarmoreusefullyinsomeprofitablehobby.A.tyrannicalB.bossyC.beastlyD.inhumane10.Unlessastronomers______theirsearchforextraterrestriallifetostarsasexceptionalastheSun,theyarewastingmuchoftheirtime.A.narrowdownB.boildownC.tonedownD.letdown11.Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethieves______knowwheretolook.A.invariablyB.virtuallyC.variouslyD.unavoidably12.Thelastgueststoreachthehotel______at12o'clockatnight.A.checkedoutB.checkedupC.checkedinD.checkedon13.______eversohumble,there'snoplacelikehome.A.ItbeB.BeitC.ItwasD.Wasit14.OldMr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill______.A.pulloffB.pullupC.pullthroughD.pullout15.Publishersareusingablitzofadvertising,Websites,aswellastraditionalmethodsto______forelusiveteensmarket.A.angleB.allowC.budgetD.care16.DaMsHayesraisedtheessentialparadoxandaskedhowpeoplecouldhavefoughtsohardagainstenvironmentaldegradation______themselvesnowonthevergeoflosingthewar,A.onlyfoundB.findingonlyC.onlytofindD.haveonlyfound17.Thesoundoftheroaringofatigeris______heardbyjungledwellers______feelingsofunease,forayeardoesnotelapsewithoutvictimsfallingtothetiger'sferocity.A.always,withB.ever,withoutC.ever,withD.never,without18.Withallthechildren______athomeduringtheholidays,shehadagreatdealofworktodo.A.beB.wereC.beenD.being19.Theincreasingpopularityofthemotorcycleasaconvenience,economicalformoftransportationhasbeenjustshortofastounding.A.popularityB.convenienceC.formD.justshort20.But,intheUnitedStatesandinEurope,thereisagrowingdangerthat,astheattractivenessandimpactofbiologydevelops,aninadequateappreciationofphysicswilleffectivelyleadtoa______againstit.A.backwashB.backlashC.backgroundD.backing21.Thefamilylookedon______astheirhousebummeddown.A.complaininglyB.carefullyC.strangelyD.helplessly22.Averbaltranslationisnotalwaystheclosesttotheoriginalmeaning.A.literalB.accurateC.faithfulD.natural23.The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause24.NorhasWashingtonyet______toMexicandemandsforatreatyspecifyingextraditionforU.S.officialswhodisregardthenewstricture.A.profanedB.contemplatedC.accededD.manipulated25.InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling.Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether

notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,

theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends"uncle"and"aunt".BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregar-dedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.

YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipswithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.26.Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof______betweenmanagementandtheworkers.A.disturbanceB.resistanceC.contractionD.friction27.Thetroubleisthatvariousworldlypressureswillmakeyoumore,notless,inclinedtoplayit______.A.safeB.safelyC.tosafetyD.insafety28.Theyoungmanwasdeeplyhurtbecausehisproposalwasrejectedand,toacertainextent,______atbythegroup'smembers.A.sneeredB.smiledC.simulatedD.stimulated29.Edison'sremarkthatgeniusis"onepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration"demonstratesthatthe______workerisvaluable.A.inspiredB.assiduousC.perspiredD.eager30.Inordertosurvivenowand______inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.A.maximizeB.thriveC.measureD.remain31.Theargumentbetweenthetwoboysbecamesofiercethatfatherhadto______andtellthemtobehave.A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impart32.Althoughcrowdedcitiesseemtobea______ofourcrowdedworld,only10percentoftheworld'speopleliveincitiesaslargeasMadridorlarger.A.sceneB.signalC.symbolD.site33.Businessmen(quitegenerally)lookupon(risingprices)as(asymptom)of(prosperities).A.quitegenerallyB.risingpricesC.asymptomD.prosperities34.ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman

princeHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.A.wasB.wascalledC.callingD.being35.She______scarletfeverwhenshewasababyandlosthereyesight.A.distortedB.contractedC.subtractedD.distracted36.Iwouldliketosaythatatheoryisessentiallyanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofreality.A.whatitisconceivedB.thatisconceivedC.thatisbeingconceivedofD.whatisconceivedof37.IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.A.soB.sowillC.norwillD.howcan38.IthinkKimwouldbegreatforthejob.Herworkrecordis______.A.impeccableB.enrichedC.rudimentaryD.tarnished39.Directions:Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:"ChinaisnotreadyforE-education"(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.40.Evenhypotheticalnewmedia(e.g.

advanced"virtualrealities"),conveyingadimensionallyrichersensorydisplayareunlikelytoprovefullysatisfactory,substitutesforface-to-faceinteraction.Electronicmediadecomposeholisticexperienceintoanalyticallydistinctsensorydimensionsandthentransmitthelatter.Atthereceivingend,peoplecanresynthesizetheresultingpartsintoacoherentexperience,butthenewwholeisinvariablydifferentand,insomefundamentalsense,lessthantheoriginal.

Second,thereisevidencethatscreen-basedtechnologies(suchasTVandcomputermonitors)arepronetoinducedemocraticallyunpromisingpsychopathologies,

rangingfromescapismtopassivity,obsession,confusingwatchingwithdoing,withdrawalfromotherformsofsocialengagement,ordistancingfrommoralconsequences.

Third,astrength—butalsoadrawback—toavirtualcommunityisthatanymembercanexitinstantly.Indeed,anentirevirtualcommunitycandeclineorperishinthewinkofaneye.41.Massproductionis______onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.A.feasibleB.permissibleC.allowableD.receivable42.Oursondoesn'tknowwhat______toattheuniversity;hecan'tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.A.takeinB.takeupC.takeoverD.takeafter43.Ifthatiswhathesaid,hisreasoningmustbefallacious.A.faultyB.fascinatingC.fastidiousD.fantastic44.根據(jù)不少用人單位的反映，在招收大學(xué)畢業(yè)生時(shí)，他們更注重的是畢業(yè)生的素質(zhì)而不是他們的專業(yè)知識。隨著教育改革的深入和學(xué)科口徑的拓寬，畢業(yè)生都掌握了比較堅(jiān)實(shí)的專業(yè)知識。問題是一些畢業(yè)生在求職時(shí)不是考慮如何發(fā)揮他們的潛力，而是一味追求高工資高待遇。所以，高校當(dāng)前一個(gè)緊迫的任務(wù)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的社會責(zé)任感。45.Inthismonumentalworktheentirestorehouseoftheworld'sartissurveyed.A.impressiveB.expressiveC.progressiveD.possessive46.Sorry,Ican'trepayyouthisweek.I'mcompletely______.A.brokenB.destroyedC.brokeD.dead47.Ifthesellerfailstoprovidegoodtitle,thecontractwillbecomenulland______.A.vacantB.voidC.brokeD.bubble48.Thelittlegirlisignorant______thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.A.forB.ofC.withD.against49.Themodernageisapermissiveoneinwhichthingscanbesaidexplicitly,buttheoldtraditonof______dieshard.A.talkativenessB.exaggerationC.condemnationD.euphemism50.Itis______whetherSamwillcometoattendhisbestfriend'sfuneralashehastakenthetown'smoneyandmadeoffwithit.A.unlikelyB.doubtfulC.improbableD.unexpected第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)installment意為“分期付款”；B項(xiàng)piece意為“塊，篇”；C項(xiàng)share意為“部分”；D項(xiàng)part意為“部分，局部”。2.參考答案：C3.參考答案：Apermanent永久的；monotonous單調(diào)的，無變化的；law原始的，未開化的；historical歷史的，歷史學(xué)的。4.參考答案：A[解析]pains復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“辛苦，努力”，是不可數(shù)名詞。takepains盡力，耐心；takelittlepains不努力。本題空格處是說在功課上不努力。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。5.參考答案：B[解析]B項(xiàng)“makeup化妝”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“A項(xiàng)coverup掩蓋；C項(xiàng)paintup油漆；D項(xiàng)doup收拾整齊”都不正確。本題空格處是說演員們得化妝。因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。6.參考答案：D7.參考答案：(1)死亡是富有戲劇性的、一次性危機(jī)，而老年則是一天天、一年年地與強(qiáng)大的內(nèi)外力量抗?fàn)?。一種苦樂摻半的逐漸適應(yīng)自己老年時(shí)的個(gè)性和生活的過程。

(2)事實(shí)上，一個(gè)人如何經(jīng)歷老年因下列因素而異：身體健康狀況、性格、早年經(jīng)歷、晚年事變的具體情形(這些事變發(fā)生之先后、情況及具體時(shí)間)及他得到的社會支持，如是否有足夠的金錢、住處、醫(yī)療、社會任務(wù)、宗教支持、文化娛樂等。

(3)衰老的過程及最后的死廣必須從根本上被看作是生命周期的自然進(jìn)程，老人結(jié)束他們各自的壽數(shù)，是為了給年輕人讓出空間。

(4)老人必須弄清自己畢生所學(xué)的東西并加以利用，他們必須在必要時(shí)，保持精力和物力，并創(chuàng)造性地使自己適應(yīng)于衰老過程中必定會經(jīng)歷的變化與損失。

(5)年才老時(shí)還可以使用和回味在一生中積累形成的品格與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。8.參考答案：A[解析]A選項(xiàng)：segregation的意思是分開，分離，與句意相符。其他三項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)：specification詳述，規(guī)范；C選項(xiàng)：spectrum光譜，頻譜；D選項(xiàng)：subscription捐獻(xiàn)，訂閱，同意，都不正確。本句空格處意為將有天分的兒童分到提高班，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。9.參考答案：B[解析]形容詞詞義辨析。tyrannical“殘暴的，專橫的”；bossy“擅自做主的，對別人意見不睬的，跋扈的”；beastly“殘忍的”；inhumane“殘忍的，不人道的”。這里填入的形容詞用來修飾tocompel，只有bossy符合要求，其他選項(xiàng)語氣過重。故答案為B。10.參考答案：A11.參考答案：A句意：不應(yīng)該把鑰匙藏在房產(chǎn)周圍，因?yàn)橘\總是知道在哪能找到它們。invariably總是，不變地。virtually事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上。variously不同地。unavoidably不可避免地。12.參考答案：Ccheekout付帳離開，檢查。checkup調(diào)查，核對。checkin登記，報(bào)到。checkon檢查。13.參考答案：B[解析]本題考查的是倒裝語句，因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。14.參考答案：C[解析]pullthrough熬得過去，恢復(fù)健康。pulloff(將車)?？浚?成功地)實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)行；pullup停下(車)；pullout駛離(車站等)。15.參考答案：A16.參考答案：C[解析]本句意為“人民可能一直艱苦地為反對環(huán)境惡化而斗爭，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們即將輸?shù)暨@場戰(zhàn)爭”。onlytofind不定式作結(jié)果狀語，因此正確答案為C。17.參考答案：D[解析]本題考查的是雙重否定，表肯定。因此應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。18.參考答案：D[解析]withallthechildrenbeingathome為介詞with的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示原因，being也可省略。19.參考答案：B[解析]將convenience改為形容詞形式convenient，與后面的economical一同修飾form。20.參考答案：B[解析]此題從句子的意義上選擇了[B]。21.參考答案：D22.參考答案：Averbaltranslation逐字翻譯，literal字面的，accurate準(zhǔn)確的，faithful忠實(shí)的，natural自然的23.參考答案：A[解析]選項(xiàng)中的詞都有“來源”之意。origin“起源，來源”，往往與過去的活動、風(fēng)俗、事件等有關(guān)；generation“產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生”，通常經(jīng)過生產(chǎn)、操作等過程。descent“遺傳，派生，世系”等；cause“原因”，一般指某事件、后果等的起因。word的起源應(yīng)該用origin，故答案為A。24.參考答案：C[解析]本題中，C項(xiàng)“acceded(to)同意”符合題意，如：Weaccededtohisrequest．(我們同意他的請求。)其他三項(xiàng)“A項(xiàng)profaned褻瀆；B項(xiàng)contemplated沉思；D項(xiàng)manipulated操作”都不正確。因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。25.參考答案：[參考譯文]

與法國截然不同，在德國，友誼更明確地說是個(gè)感情問題。少男少女之間建立起深厚的感情，他們一起散步，一起聊天。這一切不是為了提高自己的智慧，而是相互分享彼此的愿望、憂患和夢想，共同對付學(xué)校和家庭組成的世界，發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此的內(nèi)心世界。家庭之內(nèi)，一個(gè)人一生最親密的關(guān)系是兄弟姐妹之間的關(guān)系。家庭之外，同性摯友之間像姐妹一樣親密，像兄弟一樣真誠。大致說來，在德國，朋友經(jīng)常被帶到家里。孩子們稱呼父母的朋友為叔叔和阿姨。觀點(diǎn)相投而成為朋友的法國人之間，鮮明的分歧和激烈的爭論是這種關(guān)系所不可少的。但是德國人的友誼是建立在共同感情的基礎(chǔ)之上的。對他們來說，如果在雙方都認(rèn)為重要的問題上產(chǎn)生了尖銳的分歧，那就是極大的不幸。朋友關(guān)系與親緣關(guān)系一樣具有絕對的約束力。來到美國的年輕的德國人，很難與美國人建立起這樣的友誼關(guān)系。我們不把友誼看得那樣一成不變，友誼的深淺隨著人們的搬遷、調(diào)換工作、婚嫁或興趣的改變而變化。26.參考答案：D[解析]本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“干擾，騷亂，憂慮”；B項(xiàng)“阻力，電阻，抵抗，反抗，抵抗力”；C項(xiàng)“收縮，緊縮，縮寫式，害病”；D項(xiàng)“摩擦”。句意為：休閑度假政策仍然是管理層和工人之間摩擦的根源。分析各選項(xiàng)可知答案為D。27.參考答案：A[解析]playitsafe是固定搭配，意思是“穩(wěn)重行事”。本題是說問題是各種各樣世俗的壓力使你傾向于穩(wěn)重行事，而不是相反。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。28.參考答案：Asneerat嗤笑，譏笑；simulate模仿，模擬；stimulate刺激，激勵。29.參考答案：B(assiduous刻苦的，勤奮的)。句意為：愛迪生說：“天才意味著百分之一的靈感和百分之九十九的汗水。”這說明勤奮十分寶貴。A．inspired直覺的；C．perspired流汗的；D．eager渴望的。30.參考答案：B[解析]本題空格處是說未來的興旺。B項(xiàng)“thrive興旺”符合題意。如：Hethatwillthrive,mustriseatfive.([諺]五更起床，百事興旺。)其他三項(xiàng)“maximize最大化；measure測量，權(quán)衡；remain保持，剩余”都不正確。31.參考答案：Bintervene干涉，介入；interpret解釋，表演；口譯；inherit繼承；impart給予；傳授，告訴。句意：兩個(gè)孩子的爭論太激烈了以至于父親不得不干涉，叫他們老實(shí)點(diǎn)。32.參考答案：Csymbol象征，符號。scene場景。signal信號。site地點(diǎn)，場所。33.參考答案：B34.參考答案：D[解析]本題考查的是同位語獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。后半句是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，是oneman的同位語。A、B用了謂語動詞形式，應(yīng)排除；C項(xiàng)應(yīng)為被動形式。因此正確答案為D。35.參考答案：B句意：兒童時(shí)期她感染了猩紅熱，導(dǎo)致失明。contract感染。distort使扭曲。subtract減去。distract使分心。36.參考答案：D37.參考答案：C[解析]admit和deny互為反義詞，admit=notdeny。同樣refuse和accept也互為反義詞，refuse=notaccept。38.參考答案：A[解析]本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“無瑕疵的，沒有缺點(diǎn)的”；B項(xiàng)“濃縮的，強(qiáng)化的”；C項(xiàng)“基本的，初步的，退化的，殘遺的，未發(fā)展的”；D項(xiàng)“生銹，使晦暗，生污”。句意為：我認(rèn)為基姆能夠完美勝任這份工作，因?yàn)樗墓ぷ鳂I(yè)績是無可挑剔的。因此答案為A。39.參考答案：ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education

HerecomesanissuethatwhetherChinaisreadyfore-education,whichisconductintheenvironmentoftheinternet.Somepeopleorresearchersbelievethatsincethereformandopening-upofChinain1978,theeconomicalenvironmentandthequalityofhumanresourceshasimprovedalot,andwhenenterintothe21stcentury,whichalsobeenknownastheinformationera,thequalityofoureducatorandtheeconomiccapabilityofourcountryhavebeengettingmoreandmorebetter,soitisjustthetimetodevelopthee-education.

Foronething,wecannotdefythatthedevelopmentofoureconomyhasbecomebetterthanthebeginningofthereformandopening-upperiodofChina.Butthedevelopmentofoureconomyisveryunbalance,whichmeansthatthereexistgreatregionaldisparitiesineconomicprosperityanditsdurablecapabilities.ThereisnoproblemofbearingthissumofexpensesintheeastofChinawheretheeconomicsituationisgood.ButthesituationintheinteriorofChinaisjustcontrary,seriousquestionssuchaslackoffundandlowqualityofthehumanwouldleadtothefailureofthiseducationalpattern.

Foranotherthing,theinternetenvironmentandtheinternetregulationsystemisdefective.Alongwiththeflourishoftheinformationtechnology,computergames,violencecontentsandnetworkcrimesallcompaniedwithit.E-education,whichmay