重慶市重慶市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題（含答案解析）

重慶縉云教育聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年(下)期末質(zhì)量檢測高一英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、座位號在答題卡上填寫清楚;2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，在試卷上作答無效;3.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回;4.全卷共9頁，滿分120分，聽力部分另行測試，考試時間100分鐘。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWheretoEatinBangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodlovers.Ithasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptions.HerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventure.NahmOfferingThaifinedining.NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹飪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(場所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods. B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs. D.Theyarebasedinhotels.2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan. B.Bo.lan. C.IssayaSiameseClub. D.Nahm.3.WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia. B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes. D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了一些關(guān)于從哪里開始你的曼谷美食之旅的建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Nahm下的段落中“HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLoodon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.(主廚大衛(wèi)·湯普森(DavidThompson)在倫敦的同名泰國餐廳獲得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都會酒店開設(shè)了這家分店)”以及小標(biāo)題IssaysStameseClub下的段落中“IssayaSiameseClubisintematoionallyknowThaicheflanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.(IssayaSiameseClub是國際知名的泰國廚師lanKittichai的第一家曼谷旗艦餐廳)”可知，Nahm和IssayaSiameseClub的共同之處是他們都有一流的廚師。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Bo.tan下的段落中“Forthoseextremelyhungrythere’salargesetmenu.(對于那些極度饑餓的人來說，這里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo.tan提供大型套餐。故選B項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Gaggan下的段落中“Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.(在這座兩層殖民時期的泰國住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往廚房的窗戶，在那里你可以看到Gaggan廚師和他的員工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特別之處是它向客人展示了烹飪過程。故選D項?！军c睛】BInthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof“l(fā)ikes”andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(關(guān)系淺表的)friends.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,”saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate.“Theresearchshowsthatolderadults’smallernetworksdon’tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,”saidBruinedeBruin.4.Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey______.A.havefriendsofhugequantity B.haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC.havealotoffollowersonsocialmedia D.makefriendswitholderpeople5.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A.Olderpeople’sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B.Youngerpeopledon’tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C.Olderpeople’shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D.Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.6.WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A.Sad. B.Happy. C.Lonely. D.Concerned7.Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?ADifferenttypesoffriendsinone’slife.B.Changesinpeople’shappinesslevels.C.Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D.Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們在擁有的朋友質(zhì)量高而不是數(shù)量多時更快樂。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有著少數(shù)親密朋友的人通常比那些有著大量膚淺朋友的人更快樂，而且孤獨與朋友數(shù)量關(guān)系不大，與和朋友相處的感覺關(guān)系較大。但對于老年人來說，他們的幸福感和對孤獨的看法卻不太受社交圈大小的影響?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句提到“Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial（關(guān)系淺表的）friends.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些有少數(shù)親密朋友的人通常比那些有著大量膚淺朋友的人更快樂。）”可知，那些有少數(shù)親密朋友的人通常比那些有許多關(guān)系淺薄的朋友的人更快樂。故選B項。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.（他發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人的社交圈往往比年輕人小，但社交圈里的人往往與他們更親近。他還發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人往往有更大的社交圈，這些社交圈由“外圍人”組成——這些人不是他們真正的朋友，只是他們認(rèn)識的人。這些人對他們的幸福沒有影響。）可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管較年長的人的社交圈比年輕人小，但圈子里的人往往和他們之間的關(guān)系更親密。由此可知，較年長的人的朋友質(zhì)量更高。故選A項。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段BruinedeBruin的話中的“Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults（事實上，老年人往往比年輕人更幸福。）”可知，她認(rèn)為較年長的人往往比年輕人的幸福感更強(qiáng)。故選B項。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappiestwhentheirfriendsarehighquality-nothighquantity.（但事實證明，人們最快樂的時候是他們的朋友質(zhì)量高，而不是數(shù)量多）”可知，文章主要介紹了一項關(guān)于人的幸福感與其朋友數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的關(guān)系的研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響一個人幸福感的并非是其擁有朋友的數(shù)量，而是其朋友的質(zhì)量。故選D項。CAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.9.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers. B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.11.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation. D.Interculturalcommunication.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。城市化讓人們越來越難以接觸到自然，但一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)城市中的野生自然對人類健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團(tuán)隊對一座大型城市公園的游客進(jìn)行調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)與野生自然的互動可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語言，幫助人們認(rèn)識和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動。該研究呼吁保護(hù)城市中的野生自然?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們越來越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運的話，你住的地方附近可能會有一個袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對天然的地方是罕見的)”可知，文章開頭作者講述了一種現(xiàn)象，在城市里，人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客，要求他們在網(wǎng)上提交一份書面總結(jié)，描述他們在公園里與大自然有意義的互動。然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗分為不同的類別)”可知，研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動的活動把游客分類，再根據(jù)第四段“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在這320份提交的作品中，一種被研究人員稱為“自然語言”的分類模式開始出現(xiàn)。在對所有提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼后，有六個類別被認(rèn)為對游客最重要)”可知，研究人員對參與者提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分類，以便在游客的總結(jié)中找到模式，并確定對游客最重要的自然體驗。通過這樣做，他們能夠創(chuàng)造一種“自然語言”，幫助人們認(rèn)識并參與對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動。選項D準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一目的。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命名每一種自然體驗創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語言，這有助于人們認(rèn)識并參與到對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動中。例如，沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會讓一個年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心，他們可以在午休時沿著噴泉散步，享受一種更居家的互動方式)”可知，本段講述了自然體驗創(chuàng)造一種可用的語言，有助于人們識別并參與對自己來說最滿意最有意義的活動，接下來以一個年輕的專業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說明，去公園時沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿意，回到市中心工作時他可以通過沿著噴泉散步獲得滿足。因此推知，從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語言，幫助將人類與自然的互動帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點，我們還需要保護(hù)自然，這樣我們才能與它互動，”該研究的資深作者彼得·卡恩說。)”可推斷，彼得·卡恩認(rèn)為在我們與大自然互動之前我們應(yīng)該先要保護(hù)自然。故選B。DAgrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(腸)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A.ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B.Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C.Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D.Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.13.Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A.Bycontrollingdata. B.Byidentifyinggenes.C.Byanalyzingsamples. D.Bycomparingsymptoms.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A.Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B.TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C.CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D.ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AGutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B.Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C.Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D.NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。越來越多的研究表明，腸道微生物群可能在越來越多的慢性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(這種疾病通常被稱為慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS），其特征是強(qiáng)烈的疲勞、胃腸道問題、肌肉疼痛和認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)，如頭痛和注意力不集中等癥狀)”可知，慢性疲勞綜合癥是一種有全身性癥狀的疾病。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.(哥倫比亞大學(xué)和杰克遜實驗室的研究小組對慢性疲勞綜合癥患者糞便樣本中的微生物進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，并將其與健康對照進(jìn)行了比較)”可知，研究人員通過分析樣本進(jìn)行的研究。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.(杰克遜實驗室團(tuán)隊的類似發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，產(chǎn)生丁酸鹽的細(xì)菌可以用來診斷慢性疲勞綜合癥)”；倒數(shù)第二段“Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.(如果這些發(fā)現(xiàn)被復(fù)制，特定的腸道細(xì)菌可以用來診斷疾病，目前僅根據(jù)癥狀來識別疾病)”以及最后一段“Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.(研究結(jié)果還指出了可能的治療方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群為重點的飲食調(diào)整——盡管長期患病的患者可能需要藥物來減輕對新陳代謝或免疫系統(tǒng)的損害)”可知，A選項“促進(jìn)丁酸鹽的多種功能”不是研究的意義。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(越來越多的研究表明，腸道微生物群可能在越來越多的慢性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用，這些疾病會使我們的身體變得更弱。這種疾病通常被稱為慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS），其特征是劇烈疲勞、胃腸道問題、肌肉疼痛和認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)，如頭痛和注意力不集中等癥狀)”結(jié)合文章介紹了一項研究開展的過程以及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義可知，這篇文章的主要講述腸道微生物群可能是慢性疲勞綜合癥的關(guān)鍵。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning._____16_____Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining,thoseextranucleiaren’tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Theyareretained(保留),essentiallywaitingtobereactivated.Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon(馬車)duringthepandemic,don’tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity._____17_____Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.Itdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas,howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising._____18_____Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity._____19_____Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport._____20_____Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了運動中肌肉記憶這一現(xiàn)象，肌肉記憶是你過去為學(xué)習(xí)一項運動所付出的所有努力的回報，你鍛煉得越多，你的肌肉記憶就會儲存得越多。即使健身中斷，當(dāng)重新健身，還是有明顯的優(yōu)勢的?！?6題詳解】下文“Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.(這是一種現(xiàn)象，以前訓(xùn)練過的肌肉在一段時間不使用后獲得力量)”是從生理學(xué)對運動作的一個定義。結(jié)合選項，B項“Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.(另一方面，生理學(xué)家則用不同的方式來定義它)”引起下文，語意一致。故選B?！?7題詳解】前文“Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon(馬車)duringthepandemic,don’tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.(如果你在疫情期間放棄了健身計劃，不要沮喪。一旦你有了額外的核，你就儲存了容量)”介紹如果健身計劃中斷，也沒有關(guān)系。下文“Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.(事實上，最近的一項研究表明，不到八周的再訓(xùn)練就能恢復(fù)你以前的健康)”介紹如果中斷健身以后，不到八周的再訓(xùn)練就能恢復(fù)你以前的健康。結(jié)合選項，A項“Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.(進(jìn)入這種狀態(tài)的最好方法是“重新開始”)”承接上文的“因為疫情放棄了健身計劃”，所以要重新開始，啟下“重新開始很快就能恢復(fù)以前的狀態(tài)”。故選A?！?8題詳解】下文“Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.(這意味著當(dāng)你恢復(fù)到以前的健康水平時，你仍然有明顯的優(yōu)勢)”介紹即使健身中斷，當(dāng)重新健身，還是有明顯的優(yōu)勢的。結(jié)合選項，G項“Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.(所有這些關(guān)于肌肉記憶的新聞對那些放棄健身計劃的人來說都是鼓舞人心的)”與后文之間為前后照應(yīng)關(guān)系，鼓舞人心的是：當(dāng)你恢復(fù)到以前的健康水平時，你仍然有明顯的優(yōu)勢。故選G。【19題詳解】前文“Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.(恢復(fù)肌肉記憶的最好方法是從低于你習(xí)慣的水平開始，然后逐漸增加持續(xù)時間、頻率和強(qiáng)度)”介紹恢復(fù)肌肉記憶的具體方法。結(jié)合選項，E項“Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.(一般來說，每一兩周增加5%的這些元素是安全的)”仍為恢復(fù)肌肉記憶的具體方法，為細(xì)節(jié)的延續(xù)。故選E?！?0題詳解】前文“Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.(最終，肌肉記憶是你過去為學(xué)習(xí)一項運動所付出的所有努力的回報)”介紹肌肉記憶是你過去為學(xué)習(xí)一項運動所付出的所有努力的回報。結(jié)合選項，F(xiàn)項“Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.(很明顯，你鍛煉得越多，你的肌肉記憶就會儲存得越多)”為前文的同義句，努力越多，回報越多；鍛煉越多，肌肉記憶就會儲存得越多。故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IzziDymalovskiisayounggirlfromMelbourne,Australia.Attheearlyageofjusteight,sheaskedhermotherifshecouldusesomeofherskincareproductsto___21___makeupafterherdanceperformance.Hermothersaidthattheproductsweremeantforadults___22___thechemicalstheycontained.Theywerenot___23___foryounggirlswhowerestilldeveloping.Izzi’smother___24___thatsheshouldusebabyproductsinordertocleanmakeup.However,itwasnotsatisfyingtousebabyproductsforyoungkids.Izziwasabit___25___.Izzi’smothergaveasuggestiontoherdaughter:allowtimeandmakea(n)___26___tocreateherownskincareproducts.Theproductformulas(配方)couldbe___27___usingingredients(成分)thatweresafeforkids.Izziimmediatelyjumpedintoactionandbeganworkingonthelogo,brand,andevenpackaging___28___.ThenIzzicreatedafacewash,bodywashandfacemoisturizer.Attheageofthirteen,she___29___herownskincareline.Later,shebecameayoungentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).Bydoingso,Izzichangedanunhappyexperienceintoanamazing____30____.Atpresent,her____31____sellwellonline.Manyteenswantto____32____differentjobswhenpossible.Insteadof____33____thesamesummerjobeachyear,tryfillingyourtimewithotherdifferentwork.Ifyou’rereally____34____,tryyourhandatstartingyourown____35____andbecomingateenentrepreneur.21.A.cover B.improve C.protect D.remove22.A.inspiteof B.dueto C.exceptfor D.regardlessof23.A.suitable B.effective C.necessary D.practical24.A.requested B.complained C.regretted D.advised25.A.embarrassed B.delighted C.upset D.puzzled26.A.reply B.effort C.agreement D.promise27.A.designed B.discovered C.copied D.refused28.A.honestly B.actively C.gratefully D.proudly29.A.launched B.imagined C.recorded D.valued30.A.task B.habit C.dream D.career31.A.products B.collections C.books D.pictures32.A.observe B.judge C.explore D.abandon33.A.applyingfor B.troublingwith C.reactingto D.cheeringfor34.A.young B.brave C.careful D.generous35.A.performance B.course C.business D.duty【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.B29.A30.D31.A32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了IzziDymalovski在媽媽建議下，推出了自己的護(hù)膚品系列，成為了一名年輕的企業(yè)家的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在她八歲的時候，她問母親是否可以在她的舞蹈表演后用一些護(hù)膚品來卸妝。A.cover覆蓋；B.improve改進(jìn)；C.protect保護(hù)；D.remove去除，移除。由下文“Izzi’smother4thatsheshouldusebabyproductsinordertocleanmakeup.”可知，Lzzi這里是想“卸妝”。故選D項。【22題詳解】考查介詞詞組辨析。句意：她的母親說，由于它們含有化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這些產(chǎn)品是為成年人準(zhǔn)備的。A.inspiteof盡管；B.dueto由于；C.exceptfor除…以外；D.regardlessof不管，不顧。由下文“Theywerenot3foryounggirlswhowerestilldeveloping.”可知，護(hù)膚品的成分使得它們適用于成年人，而dueto引出可以給成年人使用的原因，符合語境。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們不適合仍在發(fā)育中的年輕女孩。A.suitable合適的；B.effective有效的；C.necessary必要的；D.practical實際的。由下文“younggirlswhowerestilldeveloping”可知，這種含化學(xué)物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品“不適合”正在發(fā)育的年輕女孩子。benotsuitablefor意為“不適合...”，符合句意。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Izzi的媽媽建議她應(yīng)該使用嬰兒用品來清潔化妝品。A.requested要求；B.complained抱怨；C.regretted遺憾；D.advised建議。由下文“should”和“asuggestion”可知，上文是在提“建議”。故選D項。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Izzi有點不高興。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.delighted高興的；C.upset悲傷的；D.puzzled困惑的。由上文“However,itwasnotsatisfyingtousebabyproductsforyoungkids”可知，Izzi有點傷心；再從下文“Bydoingso,Izzichangedanunhappyexperienceintoanamazing10”也可知，這里應(yīng)表示她有點“悲傷”。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Izzi的母親給了女兒一個建議：慢慢來，努力創(chuàng)造自己的護(hù)膚品。A.reply回答；B.effort努力；C.agreement同意；D.promise承諾。由下文“createherownskincareproducts”可知，她媽媽建議她“努力”打造自己的護(hù)膚品。makeaneffort意為“努力”，符合語境。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：產(chǎn)品配方可以使用對兒童安全的成分設(shè)計。A.designed設(shè)計；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.copied抄寫；D.refused拒絕。由下文“usingingredients(成分)thatweresafeforkids”以及結(jié)合語境可知，新“設(shè)計”的產(chǎn)品配方成分應(yīng)該對孩童無害。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Izzi立即行動起來，開始積極地設(shè)計標(biāo)志、品牌，甚至包裝。A.honestly誠實地；B.actively積極地；C.gratefully感激地；D.proudly驕傲地。由上文“jumpinto(急于做某事；開始投入)”可知，她是非?！胺e極的”做這些事。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：13歲時，她推出了自己的護(hù)膚品系列。A.launched推出（新產(chǎn)品）；B.imagined想象；C.recorded記錄；D.valued估量。由下文“herownskincareline”以及結(jié)合語境可知，她“推出了”自己的護(hù)膚品系列。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過這樣做，Izzi將一段不愉快的經(jīng)歷變成了一份令人驚嘆的職業(yè)。A.task任務(wù)；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.dream夢想；D.career事業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“Later,shebecameayoungentrepreneur”可知，Izzi成就了自己的“事業(yè)”。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：目前，她的產(chǎn)品在網(wǎng)上賣得很好。A.products產(chǎn)品；B.collections收藏；C.books書；D.pictures圖片。根據(jù)上文“Attheageofthirteen,she9herownskincareline”可知，所以這里應(yīng)指的是她的“產(chǎn)品”。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多青少年想盡可能去探索不同的工作。A.observe觀察；B.judge判斷；C.explore探索；D.abandon放棄，舍棄。由上文“she9herownskincareline”以及結(jié)合語境可知，作者這里建議其他青少年也可以“探索”新工作。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：與其每年申請同一份暑期工作，不如試著用其它不同的工作來打發(fā)時間。A.applyingfor申請；B.troublingwith麻煩；C.reactingto對...作出反應(yīng)；D.cheeringfor為...慶祝。由下文“tryfillingyourtimewithotherdifferentwork”可知，作者這里不建議每年都“申請”同一份暑期工。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你真的很勇敢，試著自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，成為一名青少年企業(yè)家。A.young年輕的；B.brave勇敢的；C.careful仔細(xì)的；D.generous慷慨的。由下文“tryyourhandatstartin