2019年6月英語四級考試真題試卷附答案卷三

2019年6月英語四級考試真題試卷附答案(第3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed80minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

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________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)說明：由于2019年6月四級考試全國共考了兩套聽力,本套真題聽力與前兩套內(nèi)容相同,只是選項(xiàng)順序不同,因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Shipsareoftensunkinordertocreateunderwaterreefs(暗礁)perfectforscubadiving(水肺式潛水)andpreservingmarine__26__.Turkishauthoritieshavejustsunksomethingalittledifferentthanaship,anditwouldn'tnormallyevertouchwater,anAirbusA300.Thehollowed-outA300was__27__ofeverythingpotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentandsunkofftheAegeancoasttoday.Notonlywillthesunkenplane__28__theperfectskeletonforartificialreefgrowth,butauthoritieshopethisnewunderwaterattractionwillbringtouriststothearea.Theplane__29__atotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill__30__beabletoventurethroughthecabinandaroundtheplane's__31__AydinMunicipalityboughttheplanefromaprivatecompanyforjustunderUS$100,000,buttheyhopetoseeareturnonthat__32__throughthetourismindustry.TourismthroughoutTurkeyisexpectedtofallthisyearasthecountryhasbeenthe__33_ofseveraldeadlyterroristattacks.Asfarassunkenplanesgo,thisAirbusA300isthelargest__34_sunkaircraftever.Takingatripunderwaterand__35__theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,andthatisexactlywhatTurkishauthoritiesarehopingthisattractionwillmakepeoplethink.Drawinginadventureseekersandexperienceddivers,thisnewartificialAirbusreefwillbeascubadiver'sparadise（天堂）.A)createF)exteriorK)revealing

B)depressedG)habitatsL)stretches

C)eventuallyH)innovateM)stripped

D)experiencesI)intentionallyN)territory

E)exploringJ)investmentO)victim

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.MakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYou'reAtItA)We'vealwaysbeenahands-on,doit-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmerica'sfoundingfathers,didn'tjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.B)Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasn'treallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.C)ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub,whichwasfoundedinagarageinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.Members-includingguysnamedJobsandWozniak-startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldn'tbuy.D)Soit'snosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoaren'ttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefenselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.E)Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfunction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDewey'sphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesn'tlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Itcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.It'saplacewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou,relearningtodo.F)Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericancontext,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandself-reliance.It'snotnecessarilyanefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.It'sveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesn'treallyfitthatmoldanymore.It'snottheworldoftextbooks.It'snottheworldoftesting.G)Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetherit'sassignedbyateacher.We'llallgetthekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.H)Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.I'minterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.I)Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize（使變得無足輕重）making.Thethingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthe;textbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thestraws,thecardboardtubes.J)Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseit'sboring.Itdoesn'thavethemotivationofthestudent.I'mnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconceptsornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.It'stoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.K)Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisn'ttheteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsibleforworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.L)Theteacher'sroleismoreofacoachorobserver.Sometimes,topeople,itsoundslikethisisadiminishedroleforteachers.Ithinkit'saheightenedrole.You'recreatingthisenvironment,likeamakerspace.Youhave20kidsdoingdifferentthings.Youarewatchingthemandreallyit'sthehumanbehaviorsyou'relookingat.Aretheyengaged?Aretheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirproject?Aretheystumbling（受挫）？Dotheyneedsomethingthattheydon'thave?Canyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare?M)Mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,butitenablesustobegoodlearners.It'snottheknowledgethatisvaluable;it'sthepracticeoflearningnewthingsandunderstandinghowthingswork.Theseareprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems-problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.N)Ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,itcanstillbetiedtoacurriculumandaneducationalplan.Ithinkamakerspaceismorelikealibraryinthattherearemultiplesubjectsandmultiplethingsthatyoucanlearn.Whatseemstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,howtheyfittogetherinanymeaningfulway.Ratherthansaying,"Thisisscience,overhereishistory,"Iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:Howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning?O)Ifeellikethisisashiftawayfromasubjectmatter-basedcurriculumtoamoreexperientialcurriculumorlearning.It'sstillinitsearlystages,butIthinkit'sshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.36.Amakerspaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.

37.Theteachers’roleisenhancedinamakerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.

38.Comingupwithanideaofone'sownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconceptofmaking.

39.Contrarytostructuredlearning,learningbydoingishighlyindividualized.

40.Americaisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.

41.Makingwillbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.

42.Makingcanberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.

43.Theauthorsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.

44.Themakerconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.

45.Makingisnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostkidsgrowuplearningtheycannotdrawonthewalls.Butitmightbetimetounlearnthattraining-thissummer,agroupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsofanoldhouseonGovernor'sIsland.TheprojectiscalledWritingOnItAll,andit'saparticipatorywritingprojectandartisticexperimentthathashappenedonGovernor'sIslandeverysummersince2013."Mostoftheparticipantsarepeoplewhoarejustwalkingbyorareontheislandforotherreasons,ortheyjustkindofhappentobethere,"AlexandraChasin,artisticdirectorofWritingOnItAll,tellsSmithsonian,com.The2016seasonrunsthroughJune26andfeaturessessionsfacilitatedbyeveryonefromdancerstodomesticworkers.Eachsessionhasatheme,andparticipantsaregivenavarietyofmaterialsandpromptsandaskedtocoversurfaceswiththeirthoughtsandart.Thisyear,theprogramsrangefromonethatturnsthehouseintoacollaborativeessaytoonethatexploresthemeaningofexile.Governor'sIslandisanationalhistoriclandmarkdistrictlongusedformilitarypurposes.Nowknownas"NewYork'ssharedspaceforartandplay,"theisland,whichliesbetweenManhattanandBrooklyninUpperNewYorkBay,isclosedtocarsbutopentosummertouristswhoflockforfestivals,picnics,adventures,aswellasthese"legalgraffiti(涂鴉）"sessions.Thenotesandartscribbled(涂畫）onthewallsareanexperimentinself-expression.Sofar,participantshaverangedinagefrom2to85.ThoughChasinsaysthefocusoftheworkisontheactivityofwriting,ratherthanthetextthatendsupgettingwritten,someoftheworkthatcomesoutofthesessionshasstuckwithher."Oneofthesessionsthatmovedmethemostwasstateviolenceonblackwomenandblackgirls,"saysChasin,explainingthatinoneroom,peoplewrotedownthenamesofthosekilledbecauseofit."Peopledobeautifulworkandleavebeautifulmessages."WhatdoestheprojectWritingOnItAllinvitepeopletodo?

A)Unlearntheirtrainingindrawing.

B)Participateinastategraffitishow.

C)Coverthewallsofanoldhousewithgraffiti.

D)Exhibittheirartisticcreationsinanoldhouse.Whatdowelearnabouttheparticipantsintheproject?

A)Theyarejustcultureaddicts.

B)Theyaregraffitienthusiasts.

C)Theyarewritersandartists.

D)Theyaremostlypassers-by.Whatdidtheprojectparticipantsdoduringthe2016season?

A)Theywerefreetoscribbleonthewallswhatevercametotheirmind.

B)Theyexpressedtheirthoughtsingraffitionthethemeofeachsession.

C)Theylearnedthetechniquesofcollaborativewriting.

D)Theywererequiredtocooperatewithothercreators.WhatkindofplaceisGovernor'sIsland?

A)Itisahistoricsitethatattractstouristsandartists.

B)Itisanareanowaccessibleonlytotouristvehicles.

C)ItisaplaceinUpperNewYorkBayformerlyusedforexiles.

D)Itisanopenareafortouriststoenjoythemselvesyearround.50.WhatdoesChasinsayabouttheproject?

A)Itjustfocusedonthesufferingsofblackfemales.

B)Ithelpedexpandtheinfluenceofgraffitiart.

C)Ithasstartedthecareerofmanycreativeartists.

D)Ithascreatedsomemeaningfulartisticworks.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarealreadycommerciallyavailable.Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving,arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive（認(rèn)知的）behavioraltherapy(CBT)andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor.TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression,helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochangetheirmoodandbehaviors.However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized（隨機(jī)的）controltrialwith691depressedpatientsfrom83physicianpracticesacrossEngland.Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups:onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcareIfromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms.Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage,sex,educationalbackground'severityanddurationofdepression,anduseofantidepressants（抗抑郁藥）.Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors."It'sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn'tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,"saysChristopherDowrick,aprofessorofprimarymedicalcareattheUniversityofLiverpool."Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed."Beingdepressedcanmeanfeeling"lostinyourownsmall'negative,darkworld,"Dowricksays.Havingaperson,insteadofacomputer,reachouttoyouisparticularlyimportantincombatingthatsenseofisolation."Whenyou'reemotionallyvulnerable,you'reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing,"hesays.51.WhatdoestherecentstudysayaboutonlineCBTprograms?

A)Patientsmaynotbeabletocarrythemthroughforeffectivecure.

B)Patientscannotengagewiththemwithouttheuseofacomputer.

C)Theycansavepatientstroublevisitingphysicians.

D)Theyhavebeenwellreceivedbyalotofpatients.

52.WhathasmadeonlineCBTprogramsincreasinglypopular?

A)Theireffectivenessincombatingdepression.

B)Thelowefficiencyoftraditionaltalktherapy.

C)Theireasyandinexpensiveaccessbypatients.

D)Therecommendationbyprimarycaredoctors.

53.WhatisthemajorfindingbyresearchersattheUniversityofYork?

A)OnlineCBTprogramsarenomoreeffectivethanregularcarefromphysicians.

B)Theprocessoftreatingdepressionisoftenmorecomplicatedthananticipated.

C)ThecombinationoftraditionalCBTandcomputerizedCBTismosteffective.

D)Depressionisamentalconditionwhichistobetreatedwithextremecaution.

54.WhatisProfessorDowrick'sadviceconcerningonlineCBTprograms?

A)Theyshouldnotbeneglectedinprimarycare.

B)Theireffectivenessshouldnotbeoverestimated.

C)Theyshouldbeusedbystrictlyfollowinginstructions.

D)Theiruseshouldbeencouragedbydoctorsandtherapists.

55.Whatismoreimportanttoanemotionallyvulnerableperson?

A)Apositivestateofmind.

B)Appropriatemedication.

C)Timelyencouragement.

D)Humaninteraction.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.剪紙是中國民間藝術(shù)的一種獨(dú)特形式，已有2000多年歷史。剪紙很可能源于漢代，繼紙張發(fā)明之后。從此，它在中國的許多地方得到了普及。剪紙用的材料和工具很簡單：紙和剪刀。剪紙作品通常是用紅紙做成的，因?yàn)榧t色在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中與幸福相聯(lián)。因此，在婚禮、春節(jié)等喜慶場合，紅顏色的剪紙是門窗裝飾的首選。2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題解析（三）PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUniontoassistelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.審題分析從體裁上看，這道題考查的是四級寫作中出題概率較低的應(yīng)用文。此前，四級真題中考查過的應(yīng)用文有信件和廣告這兩種形式，本次出現(xiàn)的則是另一種應(yīng)用文的形式－新聞報道，這就提醒考生在備考過程中不僅要多關(guān)注應(yīng)用文寫作，更要具備舉一反三的能力。從話題上看，這道題目涉及幫扶老人的志愿者活動。在審清題意，明確了寫作任務(wù)之后，我們就可以根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息來進(jìn)行寫作了。一篇報道當(dāng)中，事件的時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、活動內(nèi)容，以及事件的影響與意義都需要進(jìn)行簡要的描述。而針對這些信息，題目中并沒有明確說明，考生只需要發(fā)揮自己的想象力，把內(nèi)容填補(bǔ)起來即可。因此總的而言，自由發(fā)揮的余地是比較大的。雖然題意講得比較清楚，審題沒有困難。但需要注意的是，考生寫作時需要意識到新聞報道與其他文體的不同，關(guān)鍵在于客觀清楚地交代事件信息，切忌寫成議論文抒發(fā)觀點(diǎn)看法。例如在本題當(dāng)中，正確的做法是介紹幫扶老人活動的時間、地點(diǎn)，以及志愿者都做了哪些事情，而不是寫成幫扶老人的好處有哪些。此外，新聞報道文體的時態(tài)也需要格外注意。在交代活動的信息以及內(nèi)容時，都應(yīng)當(dāng)使用過去時，因?yàn)榛顒右呀?jīng)發(fā)生了。但在最后論述活動的影響與意義時，需要使用現(xiàn)在時。寫作提綱1.第一段簡要說明活動的基本信息：活動的時間、地點(diǎn)、組織者、參與者、活動目的等。2.第二段詳細(xì)介紹活動的具體情況（結(jié)合實(shí)際情況，合理編寫）。3.第三段簡要說明活動產(chǎn)生的影響與意義。范文寫作AVolunteerActivityOrganizedtoHelptheElderly①On15thJune,theStudentUnionoftheBusinessSchoolmeticulouslyorganizedavolunteeractivity.②Intendedforhelpingelderlypeopleintheneighborhood,theactivityreceivedwidesupportfromatotalof50undergraduates.③Thevolunteersgatheredatthecampusgateintheearlymorning.④Onarrivingatthenursinghome,theteamleaderstartedtoassigntaskstoeveryone.⑤Somehelpedelderlypeopledohousework,suchaswashingclothes,cleaninguptheroomsandpreparingmeals.⑥Theotherschattedandplayedgameswiththeminthehopeofrelievingtheirdepressionandloneliness.⑦Despitetheirgreatdifferenceinage,theybecameintimatefriendsinsuchashorttime.⑧Thesuccessofthisvoluntaryworkenlightensusonthesignificanceofhelpingtheelderly.⑨Wesincerelycallonfellowstudentstojoinus,collaborativelycreatinganenvironmentinwhichtheagedaretreatedwithrespectandlove.范文點(diǎn)評①開門見山，直接交代了活動的時間與組織者。②交代活動目的?！癐ntendedfor”這部分是分詞做狀語，豐富了句子的句式結(jié)構(gòu)；“receivedwidesupportfrom...”意為“得到······的廣泛支持”。③第二段開始介紹當(dāng)天志愿者活動的情況。④“Onarrivingat...”意為“一到達(dá)··....”；“assigntasksto...”意為“給······分配工作任務(wù)”。⑤介紹一部分志愿者的活動情況。使用“suchas”短語進(jìn)行舉例，使得活動內(nèi)容更為具體。⑥介紹另一部分志愿者的活動情況?！癷nthehopeof...”意為“懷著······的希望”。⑦“despite”意為“盡管；雖然”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，使用時需要注意其后不可以跟從句，通常接名詞短語或現(xiàn)在分詞短語。⑧總結(jié)段開始闡述活動的影響與意義?！癳nlightensb.on...”意為“啟發(fā)某人·····.”。⑨全文結(jié)尾呼吁并號召更多的人加入志愿者活動?！癱ollaborativelycreating”這部分是分詞做狀語；“inwhich”引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，相當(dāng)于“where”，先行詞為緊靠其左邊的“environment”，具體說明是什么樣的環(huán)境。精彩詞匯volunteern.志愿者meticulouslyadv.細(xì)致地；一絲不茍地intendv.打算；想要；意指undergraduaten.本科生gatherv.聚集thenursinghome養(yǎng)老院Assignv.分配；指派relievev.解除；減輕depressionn.沮喪；抑郁lonelinessn.寂寞；孤獨(dú)Enlightenv.啟發(fā)；啟迪collaborativelyadv.合作地；協(xié)作地范文翻譯一次幫助老人的志愿者活動6月15日，商學(xué)院學(xué)生會精心組織了一次志愿者活動。此項(xiàng)活動旨在幫扶學(xué)校附近的老年人，獲得了來自總共50名本科生的廣泛支持。志愿者們一大早就在校門口集合。一到養(yǎng)老院，帶隊(duì)人就開始給大家分配任務(wù)。一些志愿者幫助老人們做家務(wù)，洗衣服、打掃房間、做飯等等。剩下的一些志愿者和老年人聊天談心，并且玩游戲，希望能夠緩解他們的抑郁與孤獨(dú)。雖然志愿者們和老人們的年齡差距很大，但他們?nèi)匀辉谶@么短的時間內(nèi)成為親密無間的朋友。這項(xiàng)志愿活動的成功舉辦，啟示了我們幫助老年人的重要意義。我們誠摯地呼吁各位同學(xué)加入我們，共同為老年人創(chuàng)造一個備受尊重與關(guān)愛的環(huán)境。PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA詞性分析名詞：experiences(經(jīng)歷）、exterior(外部）、habitats(棲息地）、investment(投資）、territory(領(lǐng)域；領(lǐng)土）、victim(受害者；犧牲品）動詞：create(創(chuàng)造）、depressed(使沮喪；降低）、experiences(經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)）、exploring(探索）、innovate(創(chuàng)新）、revealing(揭露）、stretches(延伸）、stripped(剝?nèi)ィ┬稳菰~：depressed(沮喪的）、exterior(外部的）、revealing(揭示性的）、stripped(被剝奪的）副詞：eventually(最后）、intentionally(有意地）參考譯文人們通常會把一些船只沉入水底以打造水下礁石，這種礁石完美適合水肺式潛水和保護(hù)海洋棲息地。土耳其當(dāng)局剛剛往海底沉了一樣?xùn)|西，和船稍有不同，通常也不會接觸水－它是一架空客A300.這架內(nèi)部中空的A300飛機(jī)被拆除了所有可能對環(huán)境有害的物品，并于今日在愛琴海沿岸沉入海底。這架沉沒的飛機(jī)不僅將會形成人工礁石生長的完美骨架，而且當(dāng)局還希望這個新的海底景觀能給該地區(qū)帶來游客。這架飛機(jī)全長54米，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的肺式潛水員最終將能夠來一場穿過機(jī)艙內(nèi)部并環(huán)繞機(jī)艙外部的冒險之旅。艾登市政當(dāng)局以不到10萬美元的價格從一家私人公司購買了這架飛機(jī)，但他們希望這筆投資能通過旅游業(yè)獲得回報。由于土耳其遭受了幾次嚴(yán)重的恐怖襲擊，預(yù)計今年整個土耳其的旅游業(yè)將遭遇下滑。就沉沒的飛機(jī)而言，這架空客A300是有史以來人為弄沉的最大的一架。在水下旅行、探索一架沉沒的A300飛機(jī)的內(nèi)部將是一次冒險之旅，土耳其當(dāng)局正希望人們對這一旅游景觀抱有這樣的想法。這個新的人造空客礁石將吸引探險者和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的潛水員，并將成為水肺式潛水者的天堂。26.(G)habitats第一步：判斷詞性“Shipsareoftensunkinordertocreateunderwaterreefsperfectforscubadivingandpreservingmarine26從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，“for”是介詞，“and”連接兩個并列詞組，26空前面是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞及形容詞，因此可以判斷，空格處應(yīng)該填一個名詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“人們常常會通過下沉船只來創(chuàng)建水下暗礁，這些暗礁適用于水肺式潛泳和海洋的保護(hù)”。結(jié)合可選的名詞，可以推斷出這里應(yīng)該填“habitats”，表示“棲息地”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識habitat的常見詞組：naturalhabitat:自然棲息地27.(M)stripped第一步：判斷詞性“Thehollowed-outA300was27ofeverythingpotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentandsunkofftheAegeancoasttoday.”從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，這句話的主語是“Thehollowed-outA300”，謂語是“was”，27空前面是be動詞，后面是介詞“of”，那么可以判斷空格處可以是名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或者形容詞形式。第二步：上下文線索這句話是說“中空的A300_所有可能對環(huán)境有害的東西，今天在愛琴海附近沉沒了”。結(jié)合可供選擇的單詞，不難判斷stripped最符合題意，表示“被剝?nèi)ァ?。拓展考點(diǎn)知識sink的相關(guān)詞組：sinkinto:陷人sinkdown:沉落28.(A)create第一步：判斷詞性“Notonlywillthesunkenplane28theperfectskeletonforartificialreefgrowth,butauthoritieshopethisnewunderwaterattractionwillbringtouriststothearea.從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，這是個倒裝句，but連接兩個分句，28空所在句子的主語是“thesunkenplane”，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)句子缺少謂語成分，結(jié)合前面的助動詞will,可以判斷28空應(yīng)該填一個動詞原形。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“沉沒的飛機(jī)不僅將為人工珊瑚礁的生長完美的骨架而且當(dāng)局希望這一新的水下景點(diǎn)將為該地區(qū)帶來游客”。因此，結(jié)合可選的動詞，判斷28空應(yīng)該填“create”，表示“創(chuàng)造”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識create的其他形式：creative:adj.創(chuàng)造性的creation:n.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作29.(L)stretches第一步：判斷詞性“Theplane29atotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill30beabletoventurethroughthecabinandaroundtheplane's31.”根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，29空所在句子是主句，“where”引導(dǎo)從句，空格前面是名詞，后面是名詞短語，那么空格處應(yīng)該填一個動詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“飛機(jī)＿全長54米，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的潛水員＿敢于穿過機(jī)艙并圍繞飛機(jī)”。那么在可供選擇的動詞中，不難推斷29空應(yīng)該填“stretches”，意思是“延伸”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識stretch的相關(guān)詞組：stretchout:伸手atastretch:一口氣地；不休息地30.(C)eventually第一步：判斷詞性Theplanestretchesatotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill30beabletoventurethroughthecabinandaroundtheplane\'s3130空前面是助動詞“will”，后面是be動詞，不難判斷空格處應(yīng)該填一個副詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“飛機(jī)延伸開來全長54米，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的潛水員敢于穿過機(jī)艙并圍繞飛機(jī)”。結(jié)合可選的副詞，“eventually(最后）”符合句意。拓展考點(diǎn)知識eventually的近義詞：finally;ultimately31.(F)exterior第一步：判斷詞性“Theplanestretchesatotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadivers31willeventuallybeabletoventurethroughthecabinandaroundtheplane\'s31空前面是介詞“around”和名詞所有格“theplane\'s”，所以31空應(yīng)該是一個名詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“飛機(jī)延伸開來全長54米，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的潛水員最終敢于穿過機(jī)艙并圍繞飛機(jī)”。結(jié)合可選的單詞，只有“exterior”是符合文意的，表示“外部”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識exterior的反義詞：interior:n.內(nèi)部adj.內(nèi)部的32.(J)investment第一步：判斷詞性“AydinMunicipalityboughttheplanefromaprivatecompanyforjustunderUS＄100,000,buttheyhopetoseeareturnonthat32throughthetourismindustry.”根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，“but”連接兩個分句，32空前面是介詞“on”及“that”，空格后面是介詞短語，那么空格處應(yīng)該填一個名詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“艾登市以不到10萬美元的價格從一家私營公司購買了這架飛機(jī)，但他們希望通過旅游業(yè)看到這一的回報”。結(jié)合可選的單詞，以鎖定答案“investment”，表示“投資”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識investment的相關(guān)詞組：investmentin...:對······的投資foreigninvestment:國外投資33.(O)victim第一步：判斷詞性“TourismthroughoutTurkeyisexpectedtofallthisyearasthecountryhasbeenthe33ofseveraldeadlyterroristattacks.”根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道，“as”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，33空前面是定冠詞“the”，后面是介詞“of”，那么空格處應(yīng)該填一個名詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“由于土耳其已成為幾起致命恐怖襲擊的，整個土耳其的旅游業(yè)預(yù)計今年將下滑”。在可選的名詞中，只有“victim”是合適的，表示“受害者”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識victim的相關(guān)詞組：fallvictimto:成為······的犧牲品；成為······的受害者34.(1)intentionally第一步：判斷詞性“Asfarassunkenplanesgo,thisAirbusA300isthelargest34sunkaircraftever.”在這個句子中，主謂賓成分齊全。因此可以判斷空格處應(yīng)該填一個副詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“關(guān)于沉沒的飛機(jī)，這架空客A300是有史以來最大的沉沒的飛機(jī)”。在剩下的副詞中，只有intentionally符合句意，表示“有意地”，屬于人為沉沒。拓展考點(diǎn)知識intentionally的反義詞：unintentionally35.(E)exploring第一步：判斷詞性“Takingatripunderwaterand_35_theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,andthatisexactlywhatTurkishauthoritiesarehopingthisattractionwillmakepeoplethink.”根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號前后是兩個分句，而35空前面的“and”連接兩個并列成分，因此35空應(yīng)該是與“taking”形式一致的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。第二步：上下文線索這句話的意思是“在水下旅行并＿沉沒的A300內(nèi)部將是一次絕對的冒險，土耳其當(dāng)局希望這一景點(diǎn)能讓游客也這么認(rèn)為”。在剩下的單詞中，只有“exploring”符合句意，表示“探索”。拓展考點(diǎn)知識explore的其他形式：explorer:n.探險家；勘探者exploration:n.探測；探究SectionB參考譯文動手做，你會失敗但能從中學(xué)習(xí)A)[40]我們一直是一個喜歡動手實(shí)踐、親力親為的國家。美國開國元勛之一本杰明·富蘭克林不僅發(fā)明了避雷針，也發(fā)明了眼鏡、新式火爐等更多的東西。B0主要靠自學(xué)的富蘭克林或許是一個天才，但談及美國人的制造能力和創(chuàng)造性方面，他確實(shí)不是一個例外。C)個人電腦革命以及硅谷的顛覆性創(chuàng)新理念，在一定程度上源自自制電腦俱樂部的創(chuàng)造物。20世紀(jì)70年代中期，這家俱樂部在加利福尼亞州門洛帕克市的一個車庫里成立，其成員們（包括了叫喬布斯和沃茲尼亞克的家伙）開始制造和發(fā)明他們買不到的東西。D)因此，如今創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動在美國各地的社區(qū)和一些學(xué)校中蓬勃發(fā)展也就不足為奇了。它讓那些不在大公司、大型國防實(shí)驗(yàn)室或研究型大學(xué)的普通人也能進(jìn)行制造。［44正如我們最近指出的，創(chuàng)客的理念與約翰杜威，蒙特梭利甚至古希臘哲學(xué)家曾經(jīng)所倡導(dǎo)的思想相呼應(yīng)。E)這些創(chuàng)客空間通常設(shè)置于教室之外，具有重要的教育功能。創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了杜威100年前的觀點(diǎn)－從做中學(xué)。我們正在重新審視杜威和蒙臺梭利，以及他們提出的許多被遺忘或至少被擱置的教育方法。創(chuàng)客空間可以設(shè)置在學(xué)校內(nèi)，但它看起來不像教室。它可以設(shè)置在圖書館內(nèi)，也可以置于社區(qū)里，它可以提供工具和材料。［36在這里，你可以根據(jù)自己的興趣和正在學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容來制作物品。F)盡管杜威、蒙臺梭利、柏拉圖和亞里士多德以及美國思想家拉爾夫·愛默生都曾提出過經(jīng)驗(yàn)和自力更生的價值觀，但“從做中學(xué)”的相關(guān)觀念在教育上一直難以成為主流。這并不一定是一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。從某種意義上說，我們是在通過試錯進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。［39從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)需要時間和耐心。它具有鮮明的個性化特征。如果你的目標(biāo)是找到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的學(xué)習(xí)方法－每個人在同一時間以同一種方式學(xué)習(xí)同一件事，那么“從做中學(xué)”就不太符合這種模式了。這不是教科書的世界，也不是考試的世界。G)“從做中學(xué)”可能不夠高效，但它的確有效。如今，項(xiàng)目式學(xué)習(xí)越來越受到教師和管理者的歡迎。然而，項(xiàng)目式學(xué)習(xí)不是制造。［42兩者雖然有聯(lián)系，但也有區(qū)別。區(qū)別在于這個項(xiàng)目在一定程度上是由學(xué)生定義和開發(fā)的，還是由老師指定的。我們都讓孩子們?nèi)ピ煲粭l小船。我們都去學(xué)習(xí)（未知數(shù)）X、Y和Z.這往往是項(xiàng)目式學(xué)習(xí)的一種形式。H)[38]我真的認(rèn)為制造的核心理念是在你的腦海中先有一個想法，或者僅僅借鑒別人的想法，然后開始開發(fā)、重復(fù)并改進(jìn)它。最后以某種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)這個想法。你做出來的東西對你很有價值，此外，你還可以和別人分享它。我感興趣的是這些東西如何體現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)造者的個性、他們的想法以及他們與世界的互動。I)[45]在某種程度上，學(xué)校里的許多制造方式讓制造本身變得無足輕重。你制造出的東西對你沒有價值。一旦演示完課本上的概念，你就會扔掉管道清潔劑和硬紙管。J)[41]制造應(yīng)該以學(xué)生為主導(dǎo)，由學(xué)生管理，否則會很無聊。這個過程中學(xué)生會缺乏動力的。我并不是說學(xué)生不應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)概念或技能。他們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)。但真正對他們制造動力的引導(dǎo)應(yīng)是建立在他們的興趣之上的。就好比開車，應(yīng)該讓他們自己掌控并駕駛汽車。K)教師應(yīng)該致力于為學(xué)生們創(chuàng)造一個有支持作用的、富有創(chuàng)意的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，一個非常社會化的環(huán)境，學(xué)生們可以在其中互相學(xué)習(xí)。當(dāng)他們遇到問題時，不必老師出面解決。他們有責(zé)任自己解決問題。情況可能是他們必須和班上的其他學(xué)生交流才能得到答案。L)[37]老師的角色更像是教練或觀察者。對人們來說，有時候這聽起來像是削弱了教師的作用。但我認(rèn)為教師的作用反倒更重要了。你在創(chuàng)造這樣的環(huán)境，就像一個創(chuàng)客空間。你讓20個孩子做不同的事情。你在觀察他們，但實(shí)際上你觀察的是人類的行為。他們投入嗎？他們在開展并重復(fù)他們的項(xiàng)目嗎？他們遇到困難了嗎？他們需要一些他們沒有的東西嗎？你能幫助他們意識到他們進(jìn)行到哪一步了嗎？M)我認(rèn)為制造的目的并不是讓每個孩子都動手做，而是讓我們成為優(yōu)秀的學(xué)習(xí)者。有價值的，不是知識，而是學(xué)習(xí)新事物與理解事