直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)講義

第一專題直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：1.人稱的變化2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化3．其他的變化：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指示代詞和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞也根據(jù)情況作相應(yīng)的變化。陳述語(yǔ)序特殊情況概念：弓I述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語(yǔ)(DirectSpeech),即原封不動(dòng)地引用原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；另一種是間接引語(yǔ)(IndirectSpeech)，即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。一、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)★要點(diǎn)：直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say,tell等。與此同時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、_時(shí)態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化。Theforeignersaidtome,“IlikeBeijingverymuch.”fTheforeignertoldmethathe/shelikedBeijingverymuch.Shesaid,“Weareveryfondofsports.”f “I'llgooverthegrammarlessononceagain”,hesaid.f 疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句★要點(diǎn)：一般疑問(wèn)句改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，并要加連詞if或whether，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等。句末不用問(wèn)號(hào)。Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”f “Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?”askedhe.f 否定的一般疑問(wèn)句和選擇問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為否定的一般問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whether...or連接。Shesaid,“Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber?”f DoyoulikethisoneorthatoneTomasked.fTomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.特殊疑問(wèn)句間接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)前仍然用特殊疑問(wèn)詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，注意從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用ask。Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”f 祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)1.直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)往往用復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式）。引述動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell,ask,order,command,request等詞，句中please去掉。Shesaidtome,“Pleasehavearest.”f .“Don'tallansweratonce,”shesaidtothepupils.f 2.帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請(qǐng)求，建議或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that從句來(lái)表示其相應(yīng)的意思?！癓et'sgoforawalk,”saidthegirl.fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom.”fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.感嘆句的間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，多采用賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。“Whatacleverboyyouare!”myteachersaidtohim.fMyteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.fMyteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.Hesaid,“Howwellyoulook!”fHesaidhowwellIlooked.fHesaidthatIlookedverywell.二、間接引語(yǔ)中的詞語(yǔ)變化直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)以及主謂語(yǔ)詞序往往要作相應(yīng)的變化。A.時(shí)態(tài)的變化1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化①現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去時(shí)間直接弓語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Theoldmansaid,“Ihavelivedinthisstreetsince1960.”f Hesaid,“Isitraining?”—>②過(guò)去時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去的過(guò)去直接弓語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)間接弓語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Shesaidtome,“Iwrotealettertomyparentsthreedaysago.”—> “Whatwereyoudoingatsevenp.m.yesterday?”heasked—>③將來(lái)時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)am/aregoingtodoWas/weregoingtodoIs/am/aretodoWas/weretodo“Wearetomeetattheschoolgate",shesaidtome.—> ★④間接引語(yǔ)中保持原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)不變?cè)谙铝星闆r下，間接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可以保持不變。主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。Hethinks,“Shewillbebackinamonth.”fHethinkshe inamonth.Hesays,“Ihaveacceptedherinvitation.”Hesayshe herinvitation.間接引語(yǔ)表示的是現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)、格言等。Thegeographyteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”fThegeographyteachertoldthestudentsthattheearth roundthesun.Hesaid,“Everydoghashisday.”fHesaidthateverydog hisday.間接引語(yǔ)中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，仍可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不必改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thegirlsaid,“Iwasbornin1978.”fThegirlsaidthatshe bornin1978.Shesaid,“Myteacherwasbusyyesterday.”fShesaidthatherteacher busyyesterday.B.代詞的變化1?人稱代詞的變化當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，引語(yǔ)中的人稱代詞不變。Isaid,“Youdidquitewellintheexamyesterday.”fIsaidthatyouhaddonequitewellintheexamthedaybefore.直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，其人稱與主句中的主語(yǔ)的人稱一致。（一隨主）HesaidtoTom,“I'lldomybesttocatchupwithothers.”fHetoldTomthathewoulddohisbesttocatchupwithothers.直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)是第二人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，其人稱和主句的賓語(yǔ)相一致。（二隨賓）Hesaidtoher,“Wheredidyouputtheglasses?”fHeaskedherwhereshehadputtheglasses.提示：如果主句中無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或想象，自添適當(dāng)?shù)馁e語(yǔ)；如果直接引語(yǔ)中有呼語(yǔ)，則將其改為間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。Motherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”fMotheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.“Whyareyoulateagain,John?”theteacherasked.fTheteacheraskedJohnwhyhewaslateagain.直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)是第三人稱時(shí)，在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不發(fā)生變化。（第三人稱不更新）HesaidtoTom,“Shecanhelpthem.”fHetoldTomthatshecouldhelpthem.2．物主代詞的變化“YOushouldnotoverlookyourfault,”Mumsaidtome.fMumtoldmethatIshouldnotoverlook fault.Thetwoboyssaid,“Wehavelostourdog."fThetwoboyssaidtheyhadlost dog.C.其他的變化：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指示代詞和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞也根據(jù)情況作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)例句nowthenHeaskedme,“Whatishedoingnow?"---Heaskedmewhathewasdoing .todaythatdayHeasked,“Wherewillyougotoday?---HeaskedmewhereIwouldgo .yesterdaythedaybeforeHesaid,“Ididityesterday：---Hesaidhehaddoneit .lastweektheweekbeforeHesaid,“Ididitlastweek."---Hesaidhehaddoneit .threedaysagothreedaysbeforeHesaid,“Ididittwodaysago."---Hesaidhehaddoneit .tomorrowthenextdayHesaid,“I'lldoittomorrow."---Hesaidhewolddoit .nextweekthenextweekHesaid,“I'lldoitnextweek."---Hesaidhewoulddoit ."herethereHesaidtome,“Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?"---HeaskedmehowlongIhadlived .thisthatHeaskedme,“Doyoulikethis?"---Heaskedme訐Iliked .thesethoseHeaskedme,“Whatarethese?"——Heaskedmewhat egoTomsaid,“I'llcomewithMary."---Tomsaidthathewould withMary.bringtakeMarysaid,"Bringabottleofwinehome,Tom."---MaryaskedTomto abottleofwinehome.

當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)變間引語(yǔ)時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here通常變?yōu)閠here。但如果說(shuō)話人所在地點(diǎn)就是引述人所在地點(diǎn)，那么仍然使用here.Comehere,please,hesaid.fHeaskedmetocomehere.他叫我到這里來(lái)。（引述人地點(diǎn)不變）fHeaskedmetogothere.他叫我到那里去。（引述人地點(diǎn)發(fā)生變化）Heresheburstoutintoafloodoftears,hesaidtome.fHetoldmethatshehadburstoutintoafloodoftearsthere.他告訴我說(shuō)，談到那個(gè)地方她就放聲大哭了起來(lái)。知識(shí)小結(jié)直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，一般要加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話應(yīng)用別人的話，不用引號(hào)?？键c(diǎn)一、「不同句式的變化規(guī)則1陳述句佝號(hào)丿----that（可省略丿V2一般疑問(wèn)句（問(wèn)號(hào)丿----if/whether（…ornot）引導(dǎo)詞］3特殊疑問(wèn)句（問(wèn)號(hào)丿---特殊疑問(wèn)詞（what/how開(kāi)頭丿4祈使句請(qǐng)求----ask/tellsb.（not）todosth.考點(diǎn)二、時(shí)態(tài)變化主句:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 從句:任何時(shí)態(tài)主句:主句:一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句:過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)三、間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序陳述句的語(yǔ)序主+謂+賓…考點(diǎn)四、人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等變化考點(diǎn)五、特殊情況鞏固練習(xí)1．Hesaid:“I'veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don'twasteyourtime.”7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.'12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”20．Shesaidtous,“I'llcomeheretomorrow.”21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.單項(xiàng)選擇Heasked forthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.—Heaskedme .hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He me thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.—Hesaid .A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacherHesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”—He -verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoket