新視野大學(xué)英語預(yù)備級(jí)2教案

新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程（預(yù)備級(jí)第二冊(cè)）教案NewHorizonCollegeEnglish大學(xué)外語教研部Unit1GoingoutonDatesI.Discussion:Doyouthinkparentsshouldgivefullinstructionstotheirsonsordaughterswhentheyhavedates?Why?Wouldyoudoastheauthor,smotherdidtoteachyoursonhowtodatewhenheisstillyoung?Why?SentenceAnalysis.…andmostoftheguyshadgoneouton...(Para.2)guy：n.1)[C]aman男人e.g.Doyouknowtheguystandingbehindthebridge?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)站在橋后邊的男人嗎？2)(pl.)agroupofpeople一伙人e.g.Hey,guys!Comehere.嗨，各位！請(qǐng)到這兒來。Note:在美國英語里，不論對(duì)男士或女士說話，都可以用youguys：Whatdoyouguyswanttoeat?你們想吃什么？2.…makingascene,andsaying...(Para.4)makeascene:giveabadshowofoneself當(dāng)眾吵鬧；出丑Shewantedtomakeagoodshowofherself,butfinallyshemadeascene,她本來想顯示一下自己是個(gè)能干的女人，結(jié)果卻大出洋相。e.g.I’mashamedofyou,makingasceneintherestaurantlikethat.你在飯館里那樣大吵大鬧，我真為你感到羞恥。scene:n.1)[C]ashowofemotionsinpublic當(dāng)眾顯露情緒e.g.Shewantedtocreateascene.她想當(dāng)眾大鬧一場(chǎng)。2)[C]apictureorview景色e.g.Therearesomeprettyscenesinthepark.公園里有許多美麗景色。Itwasabigadventureforme,andIwasfeelingnervousandalittleshy.(Para.6)adventure:n.1)[C]anexperiencethatisstrange,excitingordangerous冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷e.g.Shelefthometotravel,hopingforexcitementandadventure.她離家出游，尋求刺激和冒險(xiǎn)的生活。e.g.TheexplorertoldtheboysabouthisadventuresintheNorthPole.探險(xiǎn)家把自己在北極的探險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷講給孩子們聽。[U]participationinsth.exciting冒險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)e.g.He,samanfullofadventure他是一個(gè)充滿冒險(xiǎn)精神的男子。Meaning:Formetodateagirlwasveryexciting,andIwasfeelingnervousaboutitanddidn,tfinditeasytotalktoagirlwhomIdidn,tknowwell.中文翻譯：這對(duì)于我來說是一次十分激動(dòng)人心的特別的經(jīng)歷，我感到緊張，甚至有點(diǎn)兒害羞。IwasbotheredbythethoughtthattheotherboyswouldthinkIwasweak,andtobestuckforweeksplaying“DanceoftheFlowers”wastoomuchforme.(Para.7)bother:vt.causetroubleorworrytosb.打擾，煩擾e,g.Idon,twanttobebotheredbyanyoneatthemoment.目前我不想為任何事煩惱。bestuck:beunabletogofurtherordoanythingfurther,esp.becauseofdifficulties被困住的；被難住的e.g.Hewasstuckinthemiddle.他處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地。Meaning:IwasworriedthattheotherboyswouldthinkIwasnotcleverenough.Iplayed“DanceoftheFlowers”forweekswithoutbeingabletodoanythingelseandIwasreallytiredofit.中文翻譯：其他男孩會(huì)以為我是笨蛋，這種想法困擾著我。連續(xù)幾個(gè)星期辛辛苦苦彈奏"花之圓舞曲”卻沒有多大進(jìn)展，這對(duì)我來說太難受了。Iwasreallysensitiveaboutshowing...(Para.7)besensitiveabout:easilybecomeworriedorunhappyabout對(duì)……敏感的，易受……影響的e.g.Don,tsayanythingbadaboutherwork;she,sverysensitiveaboutit.千萬別說她的工作不好，她就怕別人提這件事。sensitive:adj.easilyorquicklymovedbywhatotherssayordo易受影響的；敏感的e.g.Don,tbesosensitive.Iwasonlyjoking.別太敏感，我只不過開了個(gè)玩笑。ThenexttimeIwentoutonadate...(Para.11)onadate:meetingaboyfriendorgirlfriend約會(huì)e.g.Becausetheyareonadate,manyofusbelievethattheyareinlove.因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诩s會(huì)，我們很多人相信他們?cè)趹賽?。in.WordStudy.pushv.①useforceagainststh.forthepurposeofmovingit推e.g.Shepushedthechairoutoftheway.她把擋道的椅子推開。makeone'swaybypushing擠；推進(jìn)e.g.Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他在人群中向前擠。trytoforcesb.todosth.催促；逼迫e.g.Don'tpushyourselftoohard,oryou'llgetill.工作別太賣命了，要不然你要生病的。e.g.Hepushedherintomakingadecision.他催促她做出決定。2.embarrassv.causetofeelanxiousanduncomfortable使發(fā)窘，使尷尬不好意思e.g.Shedidnotwanttoembarrasshiminfrontofsomanyguestsbyrefusinghisrequests.她不想在那么多客人面前拒絕他的要求，使他感到尷尬。e.g.Ihadverylittletosayatthemeetingandfeltratherembarrassed.我在會(huì)上沒什么可說的，感到十分不好意思。3.stickv.stuckstuck①causetobefixed,notmove卡??；困住e.g.Afishbonestuckinmythroat.一根魚刺卡在我喉嚨里。②keepto;notgiveup堅(jiān)持e.g.Healwaysstickstohiswords.他一向信守諾言。4.welcomeadj.gladlyaccepted受歡迎的e.g.You'realwayswelcomeatourhouse.歡迎您隨時(shí)光臨寒舍。v.greetinafriendlyway歡迎e.g.Thesuggestionwaswarmlywelcomed.這項(xiàng)建議受到熱烈歡迎。n.[C]agreetinggiventosb.whenheorshearrives歡迎e.g.Wereceivedagreatwelcome.我們受到熱烈歡迎。starev.lookwithoutmovingtheeyesawayforalongtime盯著看e.g.Everybodystaredathishat.人人都盯著他的帽子看。e.g.Hewasstaringoutofthewindow.他凝視著窗外。invitesb.to(n.):asksb.to(n.)邀請(qǐng)某人去( )e.g.Themanagerofteninvitedmetodinneratarestaurantnotfarfromthecompany.經(jīng)理經(jīng)常邀請(qǐng)我去一家離公司不遠(yuǎn)的飯館吃晚飯。callfor:①comeandgetsb.orsth.邀請(qǐng)；要求e.g.HecalledforElizaandtookhertothedance.他邀請(qǐng)伊萊扎去跳舞。②need需要e.g.Thissortofworkcallsforalotoftime.這種工作需要大量的時(shí)間。IV.Exercises5.1Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(P6)periodpinkpausesweetinstructionpushtraditionwelcomeshakeshystickadventureDuringthetimeofalecture,itisbythateveryonekeepssilentandthatnooneisallowedtostopthespeaker.Key:bytradition:照傳統(tǒng)Lucywasandquietwhileherbrotherwassureandnoisy.Key:shyNote:While:usedtoemphasizethedifferencebetweentwosituations,activities,etc.去卻，而(用于強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況、活動(dòng)等之間的差別)Wehavetowaitforaoftimeandthenwewillaskthepeopleinchargetogiveusanswers.Key:periodNote:incharge:主管、負(fù)責(zé)ThisisapoliticalquestionandnowitisagoodtimetostarttheGovernment.Thegovernmentshouldgiveusareply.Key:pushingNote:push:這里意為催促Heloveshisjobbecauseitoffers,travels,andexperience.Key:adventuresTheteacherduringhislecturecametotheendofthefirstpointandwithoutahewasoffonthesecondpoint.Key:pauseYourpartnerisalso.Sowhynotcomealongtogetherwithhimtodiscussthedifferentmethodsofbirthcontrol?Key:welcomeNote:birthcontrol:出生控制，計(jì)劃生育Itmademeangry,andthatsortofaccidentmademegetinforhours.Key:stuck5.2TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets.(P7).如果明天天氣晴朗，他將帶他的女友去海灘玩。(takesb.to)Iftheweatherisfinetomorrow,hewilltakehisgirlfriendtothebeach..當(dāng)他是個(gè)年輕小伙子的時(shí)候，他對(duì)自己的言行非常敏感。(besensitiveabout)Whenhewasayoungfellow,hewasverysensitiveaboutwhathesaidanddid..他對(duì)一位女孩特別感興趣，經(jīng)常同她一起去上海大劇院(ShanghaiGrandTheater)看戲。(beinterestedin)HeisinterestedinaparticulargirlandoftengoeswithhertoShanghaiGrandTheatertowatchplays..他一說完要說的話，旁邊的那個(gè)伙伴便興奮至極，哈哈大笑。(nextto)Assoonashefinishedwhathehadtosay,theguynexttohimgotallexcitedandlaughedloudly..那個(gè)男孩那天不愿去上課，他父母不得不反復(fù)催促他上學(xué)。(bewillingto)Onthatday,theboywasnotwillingtogotoschool,sohisparentshadtopushhim.5.3TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.(P7)Prettysoontheguyswereallstandingaroundme,makingascene,andsaying,“Well,sayit,Feynman!”不一會(huì)兒，大伙兒都圍著我站了一圈，吵吵嚷嚷地對(duì)我說：“好的，范曼，說出來呀！”Iwenthomeandtoldmymotheraboutit.Shegavemeallkindsofinstructionsonhowtodothisandthat.回到家里，我把這件事告訴了媽媽。她給了我各種各樣的指導(dǎo)，告訴我如何做這樣那樣的事。Shewasfollowingatradition:womenteachtheirsonshowtotreatthenextgenerationofwomenwell.她遵守這樣一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)：母親教兒子如何善待下一代女性。Shewasstillupstairsgettingreadyofcourse(it'salwayslikethat),soherfamilyhadmewaitforherinthediningroom,wheretheyandtheirfriendswereeatingpie.當(dāng)時(shí)她還在樓上做準(zhǔn)備，這是意料中的事(女孩子臨行前總是那樣)，因此，她的家人讓我在餐廳里等她。他們?cè)诓蛷d里踉朋友一起吃餡餅。Itoldherhow,whenIwasyounger,myparentsmademelearnpianoforaperiodoftime,butaftersixmonthsIwasstillplaying“DanceoftheFlowers”andcouldn,tstanditanymore.我告訴她，在我年幼的時(shí)候，父母讓我學(xué)了一段時(shí)間的鋼琴，六個(gè)月后我還在彈“花之圓舞曲”，于是我忍無可忍了。V.SpotlightonGrammarwould和usedto的比較Theyknewalotofdifferentgirls,andwouldoftengotothebeachwiththemiftheweatherwasgood.)(PassageA,Unit1)Thatusedtosuggestaman,notawoman.(PassageA,Unit2,Preband1)Thinkofallthewordsthatusedtoendin-man.(PassageA,Unit2,Preband1)上面第(1)例中的would表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作；第(2)、(3)例中的usedto則表示過去的狀態(tài)。情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞would和usedto都可用來表示過去經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作，兩者?？商鎿Q使用。例如：Whenwewerechildren,wewould/usedtogoswimmingeverysummer.Hewould/usedtoreadinthislibrarywhenhewasatthisuniversity.兩者相比，usedto更強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在的過去的習(xí)慣。例如：Heusedtoplayfootball,butitwasalongtimeago.Iusedtogotothecinemaveryoften,butnowIseldomdothat.除了表示過去的動(dòng)作以外，usedto還可表示過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)或情形。在這種情況下，只可用usedto,不可用would。例如：TheyusedtoliveinNewYork.［誤］TheywouldliveinNewYork.Heusedtobebetteroffthanheisnow.［誤］Hewouldbebetteroffthanheisnow.此外，請(qǐng)注意：usedto表示不確定的過去時(shí)間，通常不能與表示次數(shù)或延續(xù)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：［誤］IusedtogotoFranceseventimes.［誤］HeusedtostayinParisfortwoweeks.需要注意的還有：usedto和beusedto形式上接近，但意義、結(jié)構(gòu)和用法都不同，不可混淆。例如：Heusedtolivehere.(他過去住在這里。)Heisusedtolivinghere.(他住在這里已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。)Unit2HOMEDiscussion:Inwhichcitydoyouliketosettledowninfuture?Andwhatkindofhousedoyouwanttolivein?Whatarethedifferencebetween“home”and“house”?Listentotheaudioclipformoreunderstanding.SentenceAnalysis…whenoneofthemstartedtryingtoremember...(Para.1)Note:start和begin后面均可接帶to的不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式：Thebabystarted/begantocry/crying.娃娃開始哭了。當(dāng)start或begin為-ing形式時(shí)，必須后接帶to的不定式：Thebabywasjustbeginning/startingtocry. 娃娃剛開始哭。Wepaidoffthemoneyweowedonthehouseeightyearsago.(Para.1)payoff:1)payallthemoneythatyouoweforsth.把錢全部還清I,venowpaidoffallmydebt,我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)還清所有的債務(wù)了。Heexpectedtopayoffallthemoneyshortlyafterheborrowedfromhisfriends.他預(yù)計(jì)不久就能還清向朋友們借的錢。2)besuccessful取得成功；得到好結(jié)果Alltheirhardworkhaspaidoff!Thehouseisfinishedatlast.他們的辛勤努力終于有了結(jié)果！房子建成了。Didyourplanpayoff?你的計(jì)劃成功了嗎？I'minnowaycleverwithmoneyexceptwhenitcomestospendingit.(Para.4)innoway:notatall一點(diǎn)也不Iinnowaywanttodiscussthematterwithhimnow.我現(xiàn)在根本不想和他討論那件事。Meaning:I'mnotatallgoodatusingmoneywiselyexceptthatIspenditfast.中文翻譯：對(duì)錢我除了會(huì)花以外，別的一竅不通。Asamatteroffact,IlikeitmuchmorethanIdidwhenthebankownedpartofit.(Para.asamatteroffact:totellthetruth其實(shí)；事實(shí)上Ilikeherverymuch,asamatteroffact.其實(shí)，我很喜歡她。Asamatteroffact,hehasn'ttoldmewhathappenedlastnight:事實(shí)上，他沒有告訴我發(fā)生了什么事。Meaning:Totellthetruth,IlikethehousemuchmorethanIdidwhenIhadtoowethebankmoneytobuythehouse.中文翻譯：事實(shí)上，我現(xiàn)在對(duì)房子喜愛的程度大大超出了當(dāng)年銀行也部分地?fù)碛羞@房子的時(shí)候。don,tknowwhythisissuchapopularsubjectofconversationthesedays,butourhouseisnotforsale.(Para.10)forsale:Ifsomethingisforsale,itsownerwantstosellit.待售e.g.Isthishouseforsale? 這棟房子賣嗎？Thispaintingisnotforsale.這幅畫是非賣品。Meaning:Idon,tknowwhyalotofpeoplearesointerestedintalkingaboutitthesedays,butwedon,twanttosellourhouse.中文翻譯：我不理解為什么如今這已成了一個(gè)流行的話題，但我們的房屋是不出售的。Itistheplacewegotowhenwedon,tfeellikegoinganywhere.(Para.10)feellikedoingsth.:wanttodosth.想要做某事Ifeellikehavingacupoftea. 我想要喝杯茶。Ifeellikesaying,"Whydon,tyoushutup?”我想說：“你為什么不閉嘴？”IamwelcomedbyfamiliarfurniturewhenIenterandI'mwarmedbyeverythinginourhousewhichmaymerelybedust,butitisourdustandIlikeit.(Para.19)中文翻譯：我走進(jìn)屋子里，熟悉的家具在歡迎我，屋里的每一樣?xùn)|西都溫暖著我的心，哪怕或許僅僅是灰塵，那也是我家的灰塵，我喜歡它。Meaning:WhenIcomeintothehouse,I,mdelightedtoseethefurniturethatIknowsowell,andevendustgivesmeapleasantfeelingoffriendlinessbecauseitisourhome.in.WordStudyowev.①havetopayforsth.alreadydoneorgiven欠(債等)e.g.Istillowetheyoungmanforthoserepairs.我還沒有付那個(gè)年青人的修理費(fèi)呢。②havesth.forthereasongiven歸功于e.g.Sheoweshersuccesstoherhardwork.她的成功歸因于辛勤工作。salen.①[C]theactofgivingsth.tosb.inexchangeformoney賣；出售e.g.Salesofcarshaveincreased.汽車的銷售增加了。②[C]aspecialofferingofgoodsinashopatlowerpricesthanusual減價(jià)出售；大減價(jià)e.g.Thegirlboughtherdressinasale.那女孩是在大減價(jià)時(shí)買的那件衣服。risev.roserisen①getup起床e.g.Sherisesbeforeitislight.她黎明即起。②goup上升e.g.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太陽從東方升起，從西邊落下。n.[C]anincrease增加e.g.Therehasbeenariseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.失業(yè)人數(shù)增加了。oppositeprep.ontheothersideof在對(duì)面e.g.Helivesoppositeme.他住在我的對(duì)面。Ialwaysbuymypaperfromtheshopoppositeourftat(X寓).我一向都在公寓對(duì)面的商店買報(bào)紙。adj.asdifferentaspossiblefromsth.else相反的；對(duì)立的e.g.Therearetwooppositewaysofimporvingit.有兩種截然相反的方法都可以使它得以改善。familiaradj.knowingwell熟悉的e.g.Iheardafamiliarvoiceinthenextroom.我聽見隔壁有個(gè)熟悉的聲音。befamiliarwithe.g.Areyoufamiliarwiththistypeofmachine?你熟悉這種機(jī)器嗎？enter:v.①comeorgointoaplace進(jìn)去e.g.Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteacherenteredtheclassroom.老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，學(xué)生就不再講話了。writedownsth.(inanotebook,account,etc.)在筆記、賬本等上登記，登錄e.g.Pleaseenteryourname,address^址)anddateofbirth.請(qǐng)?zhí)钌夏愕男彰⒌刂泛统錾掌?。becomeamemberofanorganization,aschool,etc.成為 的一員；就讀e.g.Sheentereduniversityin1980.她是1980年進(jìn)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的。settle:v.①gotoliveinanewplaceandstaythere定居；落戶e.g.Howdidyoucometosettlehere? 你怎么到這兒定居的？②decideon,makethelastarrangementsabout決定；確定e.g.Shehassettledeverythingwiththecompany.她與公司把所有的事情都了結(jié)了。IV.Exercises5.1Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(P27)populationvaluableleaksectionfamiliarcarpetfurnituremerelysettleenterinvestmentwelcomeThankyouforyourtime,experienceandserviceaswell.Key:valuableHongKong'shashelpedchangeanddevelopthecityintoamodernone.Key:investmentItisreportedthattheinthenorthandeastpartofthecountryarenowlivinginterribleconditions.Key:populationNote:Itisreportedthat…據(jù)說，據(jù)報(bào)道。這里it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。Theroofsandthewallsweredamp(潮濕的). Key:leakedInordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,weshouldmakeourselveswiththecultureofthatcountry.Key:familiarTheyspentawholedayplacingthe;nowtheyhaveacomfortableandnewhousetolivein.Key:furnitureDon'ttakewhathesaidtooseriously;heisaskingaboutthepossibilityoffurtherinvestment.Key:merelyHetheprofessionafter4yearsatcollege.Key:entered2TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets.(P27).同學(xué)們散坐在教室的各處討論問題，就在這時(shí)老師進(jìn)來了。(sitaround)Thestudentsweresittingaroundtheclassroomanddiscussingquestionswhentheirteachercamein..我去年買了這幢房子，所欠房款還未付清。(payoff)Lastyear,Iboughtthishouse,butIhavenotpaidoffthemoneyIoweonit..我的朋友向我點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，然后仔細(xì)考慮我提出的問題。(nod)MyfriendnoddedtomeandthoughtoverthequestionsIputforward..住房成為當(dāng)今的流行話題，這是不難理解的。(apopularsubject)Itisnotdifficulttounderstandthathousinghasbecomeapopularsubjectofconversationthesedays..你漸漸習(xí)慣了老房子的這些問題，就像習(xí)慣了自己的缺點(diǎn)一樣。(getusedto)Youhavegotusedtotheseproblemsofyouroldhouse,justlikeyourownshortcomings.5.3TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.(P28)1.OneSaturdaynightweweresittingaroundourratherwornlivingroomwithsomeoldfriendswhenoneofthemstartedtryingtorememberhowlongwe’dlivedthere.一個(gè)星期六的晚上，我們和一些老朋友散坐在我們相當(dāng)破舊的起居室里，就在這時(shí)一個(gè)朋友開始努力回想我們已經(jīng)在這里住了多久。10“Towhomisitnotasvaluable?”IaskedhiminavoicethatwaslouderthannecessaryforhimtohearwhatIwassaying.“這房子對(duì)誰來說不那么值錢了？”我大聲地問他，音量超過了使他聽清楚所必需的程度。Behindthecurtainofthewindownearestmywife,sdesk,thereisasectionofwallwhichisfourincheswide.Ithasmissedthelastfourcoatsofpaintsothatthelittlechalkmarkswithdatesoppositethemwouldnotbelost.在靠近我妻子書桌的窗簾后面，有一塊四英寸的墻沒有涂最后四層涂料，一遍保留那些小小的粉筆印記和對(duì)面的日期。Ifsomethingdoesn'tworkquiteright,thecarpetisworn,thetoiletorbathroombasinleaks,oryouhaveabadneighbor,yougetusedtothemand,likeyourownshortcomings,youfindwaystoignorethem.如果有什么東西出了問題，如果地毯破舊了，衛(wèi)生間或事浴室的水池漏水了，鄰居不友好，你漸漸習(xí)慣于這些問題，并像對(duì)待自己的缺點(diǎn)一樣，有辦法聽之任之。IamwelcomedbyfamiliarfurniturewhenIenterandI'mwarmedbysomefeeling,whichmaymerelybedust,butitisourdustandIlikeit.我走進(jìn)屋子里，熟悉的家具在歡迎我，某種感覺溫暖著我的心，帶來這種感覺的東西或許僅僅是灰塵而已，但它是我家的灰塵，我喜歡它。V.SpotlightonGrammar帶介詞的不定式短語作后置修飾語Itisnotatentinwhichtospendthenightbeforeweriseinthemorningtogoontosomeotherplace.(PassageA,Unit2)Thereasonisthattherearetoomanythingstopickfrom….(PassageA,Unit5,Preband1)(3)…thebadpeoplehadfewerandfeweremptybuildingstohangoutin.(PassageA,Unit8,Preband1)(4)Supposeyouwanttofindsomeonetoplaybridgewith.(PassageA,Unit10,Preband1)上面各句中的斜體部分是一個(gè)帶介詞的不定式短語，作后置修飾語，修飾它前面的名詞短語。就其意義而言，這四句中的后置修飾語都可用關(guān)系分句(relativeclauses,即定語從句)來改寫：(1)Thereasonisthatyouhavetoomanythingsfromwhichyoucanpick...(2)…thebadpeoplehadfewerandfeweremptybuildingsinwhichtheycouldhangout.不定式短語作名詞短語的修飾語(modifiers,即定語)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞短語之后，也就是說，它通常充當(dāng)名詞短語的后置修飾語(post-modifiers)。當(dāng)不定式短語和它所修飾的名詞短語之間的關(guān)系需要通過介詞來起中介作用時(shí)，不定式短語的末尾就必須有一個(gè)合適的介詞，如上例(2)、(3)、(4)。又如：Inthelibrarywehavemanybookstochoosefrom.圖書館里有許多書可供選擇。11Youneedfirsttofindsometoolstocleanthetoiletwith.首先你必須找?guī)讟庸ぞ邅泶驋邘Ｓ袝r(shí)，為了避免句子以介詞收尾，可把介詞前移，使之緊踉被修飾的名詞短語。這時(shí)，介詞后必須用一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞(relativepronoun)，如which,whom等，如上例(1)。又如：Inthelibrarywehavemanybooksfromwhichtochoose.Youneedfirsttofindsometoolswithwhichtocleanthetoilet.需注意，把介詞前移再加關(guān)系代詞的用法只適用于動(dòng)詞與介詞的關(guān)系較松散的情況。如果動(dòng)詞與介詞的關(guān)系較緊密，從而形成了固定的短語動(dòng)詞，則用以介詞收尾的結(jié)構(gòu)比較合適。例如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒什么可擔(dān)心的。［誤］Thereisnothingaboutwhichtoworry.Thenursehaseightpatientstolookafter.這個(gè)護(hù)士要照顧八個(gè)病人。［誤］Thenursehaseightpatientsafterwhomtolook.Unit3MoretheSamethanDifferentDiscussion:HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheformerSovietUnion?Inyouropinion,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenthewesternandeasternculture?SentenceAnalysis....don’tmakeacirclewithyourthumbandfirstfinger...(Para.2)thumb:n.［C］thefingerthatisshortandthickandsetapartfromtheotherfour大拇指e.g.Hehadhisthumbinjured(受傷)whenhewasplayingbasketball.他打籃球時(shí)弄傷了拇指。.”…thumbandfirstfinger,”thewomanannounced.(Para.2)announce:v.tellaboutsth.publiclyorofficially;declare宣布Wearepleasedtoannouncetheopeningofournewdepartmentstore.謹(jǐn)此宣布新百貨公司正式開業(yè)。HeannouncedtohisfriendshismarriagewithMissBrown.他向朋友們宣布他已與布朗小姐成婚。ThewomanwaspreparingtheAmericansfortheirvoyagetothecommunistSovietUnion.(Para.6)preparesb.for:makesb.readyfor使做好準(zhǔn)備e.g.ListeningisacoursethatpreparesstudentsfortheEnglishexams.聽力是為學(xué)生參加英語考試而設(shè)的課程。e.g.I’mafraidyou,regoingtohavetoprepareyourselfforashock.恐怕你要做好經(jīng)受意外打擊的心理準(zhǔn)備。TheAmericanswerecurioustolearnaboutthesedifferencesbeforetheirvoyage.(Para.6)curious:adj.eagertoknoworlearn好奇的12e.g.Iwascurioustoknowwhathadhappened.我很好奇，想知道發(fā)生了什么事。learnabout:gettoknowsth.矢口曉e.g.WhendidyoulearnaboutMary,sdivorce?瑪麗離婚的事你什么時(shí)候知道的？e.g.Ilearnedabouthislonelylifeafterhiswife,sdeath.我獲悉他的妻子死后他生活寂寞。TheSoviets,liketheAmericans,preparedfortheirvisitbylearningaboutlifeintheothercountry.(Para.8)preparefor:getreadyfor準(zhǔn)備e.g.Ididn,tleavemyselfenoughtimetopreparefortheexam.我沒有預(yù)留足夠的時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備考試。e.g.Bobhelpedmepreparefortheparty.鮑勃協(xié)助我籌備聚會(huì)。TheyweresurprisedatthedifferencebetweendailylifeintheSovietUnionandthatintheUnitedStates.(Para.10)besurprisedat:對(duì) 感到驚訝e.g.Everyoneissurprisedatthefactthatthehumanpopulationisexplodingsorapidly.每個(gè)人都為人類人口的急速增長而感到震驚。AndIlearnedthatpeopleallovertheworldaremorethesamethantheyaredifferent.(Para.13)Meaning:AndIlearnedthatpeopleallovertheworldhavemorethingsincommonthandifferences.中文翻譯：我還明白了一點(diǎn)：全世界的人們大同小異，共性大于差異。in.Words&Phrasesadmirev.thinkoforlookatwithpleasureandrespect贊美；羨慕；欽佩e(cuò).g.Ireallyadmireherbeauty.我真的很羨慕她的美貌。e.g.Everyoneadmiredthewayhedealtwiththeproblem.大家都贊賞他處理這個(gè)問題的方式。exchangen.[C;U]theactofgivingandreceivinginreturn交換e.g.Wehadanexchangeofviewsamongourselves.我們內(nèi)部交換了意見。v.giveandreceiveinreturn交換e.g.Iexchangedseatswithhim.我和他互換了座位。pourv.①causetoflowcontinuously(outoforintoacontainer)倒；灌e.g.Hepouredthewineintoherglass.他往她的杯里倒酒。②flowsteadilyandrapidly不斷流出e.g.Smokewaspouringoutfromthewindow.煙不斷從窗口冒出來。e.g.Tearspoureddownhercheeks.她淚流滿面。13shamen.①[C]sth.oneissorryabout令人惋惜的事e.g.Whatashameitrainedonthedayofourpicnic!多可惜，我們野餐那天下雨了。②[C]sth.orsb.thatbringsalossofhonor帶來恥辱的人(或事)e.g.He'sashametohisfamily.他是家里的敗類。e.g.Hethinksitashameforamannottowork.他認(rèn)為男人不工作是件可恥的事。③[C;U]astateoffeelingsorry羞愧e.g.Hewasfullofshameathisbadbehavior.他為自己的不良行為感到羞愧。e.g.Hisfamilysharestheshame.他的全家都蒙受了恥辱。IV.Exercises5.1Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(P49)communicatepourpoliticalboilvoyagecuriousexchangeentireannounceshamedirectlyorganizeWecoulddonothingbutwaitastheresultofthemeetingwouldbethenextday.Key:announcedTheymadeaplanandexperiencedworkerstotakepartinthenewproject.Key:organizedSmokewasfromthewindowandperhapsafirehadbrokenout.Key:pouringWehavefirst-classtechnology(技術(shù));itisquiteraretohaveanaccidentcausedbysomekindoftechnicalfailure.Key:directlyIsawthetwowomenpassinginthedoorwayandglancesofgreeting.Key:exchangingThefouradventurerswentforthetwomonthsintheforestwithoutseeinganyone.Key:entireWebyletterinthesedays.Key:communicatedPleaseleavethewaterfor10secondsbeforepouringitontothecoffee.Key:boiling2TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsinthebrackets.(P49).那位老師講課時(shí)，同學(xué)們都一邊細(xì)心地傾聽，一邊認(rèn)真地做筆記。(takenotes)Thestudentslistenedandtooknotescarefullyastheteachergavethemalecture..我們欽佩偉人，因?yàn)樗麄兊乃魉鶠橹档梦覀兙磁濉?admire)Weadmiregreatpeoplebecausewhattheydidisworthadmiring.14.四個(gè)學(xué)生共住一個(gè)套間(flat),套間內(nèi)有他們共用的廚房、廁所和衛(wèi)生間。(share)Fourstudentsshareaflat,wheretheyshareakitchen,atoiletandabathroom..那些美國人對(duì)中國文化非常好奇，很想了解中美文化的主要差異。(curious)ThoseAmericanswerecuriousaboutChinesecultureandwerecurioustoknowaboutthemaindifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandAmericanculture..那些英國學(xué)生非常喜歡去年在中國度過的暑假，主要原因是他們結(jié)交了許多中國朋友。(enjoyone,svacation)ThoseBritishstudentsenjoyedtheirsummervacationinChinalastyear,mainlybecausetheymadelotsofChinesefriends..3TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.(P50)“Ifyouwanttosay'okay',don,tmakeacirclewithyourthumbandfirstfinger,”thewomanannounced.“如果你們想說‘同意,，不要用拇指和食指做成一個(gè)圈兒，”那位女士大聲說道。ThatmeansokayhereintheUSA,butintheSovietUnionithasadirtymeaning.在美國，這表示“同意、許可”的意思，但在蘇聯(lián)，那樣做含有淫穢的意思。Youmightnothavehotrunningwatertotakeabath,oryoumighthavetoshareabathroomwithfiveorsixpeople.你可能沒有熱的自來水洗澡，你也可能不得不與五六個(gè)人共用一間浴室。WhentheyarrivedintheSovietUnion,theAmericansweregladthattheyhadpreparedthemselvestoexperiencelifeundercommunism.到達(dá)蘇聯(lián)時(shí)，那些美國人為自己已準(zhǔn)備好體驗(yàn)共產(chǎn)主義制度下的生活而感到高興。TheSovietsknewthatAmericanslikedtoeatfastfoodinrestaurants,buttheyweredisappointedtoseethatAmericansatefastmealsathome,too.那些蘇聯(lián)人知道美國人喜歡在餐館里吃快餐，但看到美國人在家里也吃快餐，他們感到失望。V.SpotlightonGrammaraswellas的意義和用法Inspiteofthepoliticaldifferencesbetweentheircountries,aswellasthedifferencesinlanguageandculture,theSovietsandAmericansbecamefriends.(PassageA,Unit3)在這一句中，復(fù)合連詞aswellas連接兩個(gè)名詞短語：thepoliticaldifferencesbetweentheircountries和theirdifferencesinlanguageandculture,而其著重點(diǎn)在第一個(gè)名詞短語，即“國家間的政治差異”上。作為復(fù)合連詞，aswellas可用來連接名詞短語(1)、動(dòng)詞短語(2)、形容詞短語(3)、介詞短語(4)等。例如：Women,aswellasmen,havetherighttowork.Hisstudents,aswellashehimself,attendedthemeeting.Hehurthisarmaswellasbreakinghisleg.She,sgotacleaningjobatnightaswellasworkingduringtheday.15She,scleveraswellasbeautiful.Ifeltsadaswellasangry.Iputmybooksinmyofficeaswellasinmystudy.Hefishedforfunaswellasforaliving.在實(shí)際使用中，請(qǐng)?zhí)崾緦W(xué)生注意下面幾點(diǎn)：.當(dāng)aswellas連接動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，它后面所跟的動(dòng)詞短語必須是-ing分詞形式，如上例(2)所示。又如：HedidalotoftranslationaswellasteachingEnglish.［誤］HedidalotoftranslationaswellastaughtEnglish.Sheplaysthepianoaswellassinging.［誤］Sheplaysthepianoaswellassings.不少學(xué)生把a(bǔ)swellas當(dāng)作跟and或notonly...butalso…同義的連詞來用。其實(shí)，用aswellas連接兩個(gè)短語時(shí)，其著重點(diǎn)往往在其前面的短語上，這一點(diǎn)正好與notonly...butalso...相反，即AaswellasB=notonlyBbutalsoAo例如：Women,aswellasmen,havetherighttowork.=Notonlymen,butalsowomen,havetherighttowork.Hefishedforfunaswellasforaliving.=Hefishednotonlyforaliving,butalsoforfun..當(dāng)aswellas連接的名詞短語作主語時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞和其他成分應(yīng)在性、數(shù)上與aswellas前面的名詞短語相一致。例如：Themother,aswellasherthreechildren,wastakentohospital.［誤］Themother,aswellasherthreechildren,weretakentohospital.Thegirl,aswellastheboys,hasfinishedherhomework.［誤］Thegirl,aswellastheboys,havefinishedtheirhomework.Unit4TheLetterI.Discussion:Haveyoueverwrittenalettertootherpeople?Whenwasthelasttimeyoudidthat?Comparewithemails,whataretheadvantagesofwritingletters?Howaboutaloveletter,whichonedoyouprefer,inemailorbypost?SentenceAnalysis:.Ihadtopoundonthetaxitogethisattention.(Para.1)poundon:hitorbeatsth.manytimes敲擊；拍擊e.g.Greatwavespoundedontherocks.巨浪拍擊巖石。.…andthenapologized.(Para.3)apologize:vi.sayoneissorryaboutsth.thatonehasdone道歉；賠不是e.g.Idoapologizefortakingsolongtoreplytoyourletter.這么久才回信，實(shí)在過意不去。apologizetosb.forsth.e.g.IapologizedtoJohnforlosinghisbook.16我把約翰的書給弄丟了，因此向他道歉。Hesoundedasifhehadacoldoracough.(Para.3)asif:inaway好像；似乎e.g.Helooksasifnothinghashappened.他看上去一副若無其事的樣子。cough:n.[C]asharpnoisemadewhensendairoutofthroatandmouthsuddenly咳嗽e.g.Hegaveanervouscoughbeforehestartedtospeak.他緊張地咳了一聲，然后開始說話。vi.pushairoutfromthethroatandmouthwithasuddenroughsound咳嗽e.g.Thesmokemademecough.煙嗆得我直咳嗽?！癟hisisn,tfamily,”hereplied.“Although,”hewenton,“cometothinkofit,hemightjustaswellhavebeenaregularmemberofthefamily(Para.7)cometothinkofit:suddenlyrememberorrealizesth.的確；想起來了e.g.Cometothinkofit,Ishouldwritehometoday.想起來了，我今天該給家里寫信了。mightjustaswell:havenostrongreasonnotto最好還是；還是以 為好e.g.Thereisnothingworthwatchingonthetelevision,sowemightjustaswellgotobed.沒有什么值得看的電視節(jié)目，我們還是睡覺吧。Note:談?wù)摰娇赡苄缘臅r(shí)候，might有時(shí)會(huì)比may的可能性更小，但這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)常用于表示同樣的意思：e.g.Imay/mightseeyoutonight;Idon,tknowyet.我今晚可能來看你，但目前還不敢肯定。Meaning:“Thisletterisn,tfrommyfamily,”heanswered.“Although...Ithinkheshouldhavebeenanactualmemberofthefamily...”中文翻譯：“不是家里人，’'他回答說?！氨M管，''他繼續(xù)說：“我這么琢磨著，他可算得上是家里的一個(gè)正式成員了……”Thenhespokeagain,almostmoretohimselfthantome...(Para.13)Meaning:ThenhespokeagainandIfelthewassayingsomethingtohimselfratherthantome.中文翻譯：然后，他又說話了，不過，與其說他是在對(duì)我講話，不如說他是在自言自語……Weshouldallkeepintouchwitholdfriendsmorethanwedo.Butthingscomeupandwejustdon,tseemtofindthetime.(Para.14)Meaning:Weshouldallwritetooldfriendsmoreoftenthanwedo.Butwehavemanyunexpectedthingstodoandwedon,tseemtohavetimetowritetothem.中文翻譯：我們都應(yīng)該與老朋友保持更多的聯(lián)系，而我們實(shí)際上做得不夠。但是事情總是層出不窮，我們似乎總是抽不出時(shí)間。Yourfriendshipovertheyearshasreallymeant