關于澳大利亞經濟的介紹

AustraliaTheEconomyofAustraliaEconomy

AustraliahasaprosperousWestern-stylecapitalisteconomyAustraliaisself-sufficientinfood,isalsoahighlyindustrializedcountry,anddependsonlargelyonforeigntrade.Australiaindustriesarehighlyconcentrated,with14largenationalmonopolies（壟斷部門）.Agricultureisoneoftheworld’sleadingproducersoffoodandnaturefibers.-----Itistheworld’slargestexporterofwool,thesecondlargestexporterofmeatandthethirdlargestexporterofwheat.

-----Australiaisrichinnatureresources,whichisoneoftheworld’sbiggestproducersofmineralsandmetals.

-----Itisamiddle-leveltradingnation.Themainfeatureoftradeisthatithasalwaysinvolvedtheexchangedofrawmaterialsforfinishedproducts.

Preliminaryestimate，theGDPofAustraliain2010is1235billiondollars,ranking14thintheworld.

Forthepopulationdistribution,differentregions’sharesarequiteuneven.Hereisachartaboutit.Atthementionofeconomy,mostofuswillthinkofitsanothernames——“countryonthesheep”and“countryonthetramcar”.Actually,woolindustryandminingindustryarethemostimportantpartsinAustralia’seconomy.Australianwoolproductionaccountsfor32%ofworldwoolproduction,95%forexport,amongwhich50%ofexportsinAsia,ithasanannualincomeof20billiondollars.Australianwoolcanmeetthe45%worldwidedemandofwool.Therefore,Australiaisa"woolkingdom."

Merino（美利奴羊）TheamazingproductionisbasedonAustralia’ssheepfarming.Therearemanykindsofsheep,ofwhichMerinoismostproductive.AnadultMerinosheepweighing60-140kg,hiswoolissoft,about20micronsthickand10cmlong.Hiswoolisasuperiorrawmaterials.Persheepcanproduce10-20kilogramsofwoolatatime.

Hampshire（漢普郡羊）

Cheviot（切維厄特綿羊）

BorderDale（戴爾邊區(qū)羊）

Texel（特塞爾羊）

Polwarth（波爾沃思羊）

Lincoln（林肯羊）

PollDorset（無角陶賽特羊）

Romney（羅姆尼羊）

Drysdale（德賴斯代爾羊）

Perendale（派倫代爾羊）

TheminingisthepillaroftheAustralianeconomy,takingup5%ofGDP.Over10percentpeopleworkonminingormetalandmineralexport.NaturalresourcesinAustraliaareabundantandvarious.Thereserveofironranksthirdintheworld,coalrankingsixth,aluminium(鋁)rankingthird.Inadditiontocommonmetals,raremetalresourcesarealsorich,suchasgold.Australiaisthethirdgoldexportingcountry.TherichresourcesinAustraliadrawinvestors’attentioninthewholeworld.RecentlymuchChinesecompaniesmarchedtoAustralia.Theyhavesignedcontractstoimportvariousminerals.InthepastfewyearsAustraliahasgotmoreandmoreconnectionswithChina.NowChinahasbecomethebiggestimportingcountryofit.Thetotaltradebetweentwosidesreached44billiondollarsby2007.Thoughwoolproductionandminingareprosperous,serviceindustryarethemostimportantpartandhasthemostrapiddevelopment.Itmakes65%ofGDP,withover74%ofworkforceofAustralia.Serviceindustrycontainsrealestate,bankingandinsurance,communications.AustraliaandChinahaveestablisheddiplomaticrelationsforalmost40years.Inthe2008economycrisis,Chinasupporttimelyeconomicaid.ThegreatdemandforAustralia’commoditiesstimulateitsexports.ThenChines