介紹美國職業(yè)安全與健康管理局高處作業(yè)安全管理規(guī)程課件

BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneOSHA29CFR1926-SubpartMSafetyStandardsforFallProtectionintheConstructionIndustry

Effective:February6,1995BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneTotalConstructionFatalities1985-1993FallsFromElevation33%CaughtIn/Between18%StruckBy22%Shock17%Other10%BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneFallsFromElevation-BreakdownRoof27%Other16%Scaffold17%SteelErection10%FloorOpening7%AerialLiftBasket3%SuspendedPlatform/Vehicle3%ConcreteErection3%Ladder8%OpenSidedFloor4%BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene262185217259225253211181161050100150200250300198519861987198819891990199119921993NumberofConstructionFatalitiesDuetoFalls1985-1993BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneAnalysisofHeightsForConstructionFatalitiesCausedbyFalls1985-19932%8%22%20%36%12%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%<6'6'-10'11'-20'21'-30'>30'Unk.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneConstructionActivity%ofTotalFatalities1985-19930%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Painting,PaperHangingandDecorations-63%Plumbing,HeatingandAirConditioning-31%HeavyConstruction,exceptHighway&Street-15%HighwayandStreet,exceptElevatedHighways-2%BuildingConstruction-Nonresidential-50%BuildingConstruction-Residential-29%BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneConstructionActivity

(Cont'd)

%ofTotalFatalities1985-19930%20%40%60%80%

MiscellaneousSpecialTradeContractors47%

ConcreteWork30%

Roofing,SidingandSheet-MetalWork73%

CarpentryandFloorwork63%

Masonry,Stonework,TileSettingandPlastering62%

ElectricalWork24%BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.500(a)(1)ScopeandApplicationBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneWho'sAffectedbySubpartM?EVERYONE

EXCEPT:?Employeesmakinganinspection.?Employeesworkingonscaffolds.(SubpartL)?Employeesworkingonstairwaysandladders.(SubpartX)?Employeesworkingonequipmentusedintunnelingoperations.(SubpartS)BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneWho'sAffectedbySubpartM?EVERYONE

EXCEPT:?Employeesengagedintheconstructionofelectrictransmission,distributionlines,andequipment.(SubpartV)?Employeesworkingoncranesandderricks.(SubpartN)?Employeesperformingsteelerectionworkinbuildings.(SubpartR)BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.500(b)DefinitionsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(1)UnprotectedSidesandEdgesBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(2)LeadingEdgesBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneException:

Whentheemployercandemonstratethatitisinfeasibleorcreatesagreaterhazardtousethesesystems,theemployershalldevelopandimplementafallprotectionplan.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneDefinition

Infeasible-meansthatitisimpossibletoperformtheconstructionworkusingaconventionalfallprotectionsystem(i.e.,guardrailsystem,safetynetsystem,orpersonalfallarrestsystem)orthatitistechnologicallyimpossibletouseanyofthesesystemstoprovidefallprotection.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(3)HoistAreasBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(4)HolesBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(5)FormworkandReinforcingSteelBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(6)Ramps,Runways,andOtherWalkwaysBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(7)ExcavationsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(8)DangerousEquipmentBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(9)OverhandBricklayingandRelatedWorkBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(10)RoofingWorkOnLow-SlopeRoofsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(11)SteepRoofsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(12)PrecastConcreteErectionBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneException:

Whentheemployercandemonstratethatitisinfeasibleorcreatesagreaterhazardtousethesesystems,theemployershalldevelopandimplementafallprotectionplan.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(13)ResidentialConstructionBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneException:

Whentheemployercandemonstratethatitisinfeasibleorcreatesagreaterhazardtousethesesystems,theemployershalldevelopandimplementafallprotectionplan.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(14)WallOpeningsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(b)(15)Walking/WorkingSurfacesNotOtherwiseAddressedBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(1)ProtectionFromFallingObjects?Erecttoeboards,screens,orguardrailsystemstopreventobjectsfromfalling.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(2)ProtectionFromFallingObjects?CanopyStructure?BarricadeBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(b)GuardrailSystemsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(b)(1),(2)&(14)?Topedgeheightshallbe42”+/-3”fromwalking/workinglevel,andabletowithstand200lbs.offorce.?Midrailsshallbeinstalledataheightmidwaybetweentopedgeandwalking/workinglevel,andabletowithstand150lbs.offorce.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(b)(9)GuardrailSystems?Toprailsandmidrailsshallbeatleast1/4inchnominaldiameter.?Toprailshallbeflaggedatnotmorethan6-footintervalswithhigh-visibilitymaterial.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(b)(13)?Guardrailsatpointsofaccessshallbeprovidedwithgatesoroffsettothatapersoncannotwalkdirectlyintothehole.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(c)SafetyNetSystemsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(1)SafetyNetSystems?Installascloseaspracticableunderthewalking/workingsurfaceonwhichemployeesareworking,butinnocasemorethan30feetbelowsuchlevel.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(2)SafetyNetSystemsNetExtension

<5feet8feet

>5feetand10feet<10feet

>10feet13feetBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(3)SafetyNetSystems?Installwithsufficientclearancetopreventcontactwithanysurfacesorstructuresbelow.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(4)SafetyNetSystemsWhentheemployercandemonstratethatadroptestisunreasonable,theemployershallcertifythatthenetandinstallationcanmeetanimpactforceequivalenttotheimpactforcesofadroptest.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneDefinition

CompetentPerson

-meansonewhoiscapableofidentifyingexistingandpredictablehazardsinthesurroundings,orworkingconditionswhichareunsanitary,hazardous,ordangeroustoemployees,andwhohasauthorizationtotakepromptcorrectivemeasurestoeliminatethem.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(c)(5)&(6)SafetyNetSystems?Inspectnetsweeklyforwear,damage,andotherdeterioration.?Removeanymaterials,scrap,equipment,andtools,thathavefallenintonet.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(7)SafetyNetSystems?Maximummeshopeningshallnotexceed36sq.inchesnorlongerthan6inchesonanyside.

?Meshcrossingsshallbesecuredtopreventenlargementofmeshopening.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.501(c)(8)&(9)SafetyNetSystems?Minimumbreakingstrengthforborderropewebbingis5,000lbs.?Connectionsshallbeasstrongasnetcomponents.?Connectionsshallbespacednotmorethan6inchesapart.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)PersonalFallArrestSystemsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)PersonalFallArrestSystemsConnectormeansadevicewhichisusedtocouple(connect)partsofthepersonalfallarrestsystemandpositioningdevicesystemstogether.Itmaybeanindependentcomponentofthesystem,suchasacarabiner,oritmaybeanintegralcomponentofpartofthesystem(suchasabuckleordee-ringsewnintoabodybeltorbodyharness,orasnap-hooksplicedorsewntoalanyardorself-retractinglanyard.)BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)(8)PersonalFallArrestSystems?Horizontallifelinesshallbedesigned,installed,andused,underthesupervisionofaqualifiedperson,aspartofacompletepersonalfallarrestsystem,whichmaintainsasafetyfactorofatleasttwo.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneDefinition-from1926.32(l)

QualifiedPerson

-meansonewho,bypossessionofarecognizeddegree,certificate,orprofessionalstanding,orwhobyextensiveknowledge,training,andexperience,hassuccessfullydemonstratedhisabilitytosolveorresolveproblemsrelatingtothesubjectmatter,thework,ortheproject.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)PersonalFallArrestSystemsRopeGrabmeansadecelerationdevicewhichtravelsonalifelineandautomatically,byfriction,engagesthelifelineandlockssoastoarrestthefallofanemployee.

?Lanyardsandverticallifelinesshallhaveaminimumbreakingstrengthof5,000lbs.?Eachemployeeshallbeattachedtoaseparatelifeline.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)(12)PersonalFallArrestSystems

Self-retractinglifeline/lanyard

meansadecelerationdevicecontainingadrum-woundlinewhichcanbeslowlyextractedfrom,orretractedonto,thedrumunderslighttensionduringthenormalemployeemovement,andwhich,afteronsetofafall,automaticallylocksthedrumandarreststhefall.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)(12)&(15)Anchorage?Limitfreefalldistanceto2ft.orlessandabletosustaina3,000lb.min.tensileload.?Capableofsupportingatleast5,000lbs.peremployeeattached.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene*t=(2h/g)or:HowLongDoesItTakeToFall?Height(feet)Time(seconds)

4

0.5

16

1.0

36

1.5

64

2.0

100

2.5

144

3.0

256

4.0

576

6.0.5

g=GravitationalConstantof32.2ft/s

h=HeightofFallinfeett=TimeofFallinseconds2*BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneVelocity

v=(2gh)v=Velocity,assumingnoinitialvelocityg=GravitationalConstantof32.2ft/sh=Heightoffallinfeet.52BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneMomentumOfFall

M=mvM=Momentuminfoot-pounds/second

m=Massinpounds

v=Velocity,assumingnoinitialvelocityBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneSkullFracture2Egm

50x2x32.212

16.3ft/secE=KineticEnergyg=GravitationalConstantm=WeightofanaveragehumanheadAskullwouldfractureatapproximately50foot-pounds/second.Thevelocityofafractureisexpressedintheequation:v===BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene39702780239583005001000150020002500300035004000ShockAbsorbingLanyardNylonRopeLanyardWebbingLanyardSteelLanyardPeakFallArrestingForces-ForcesGeneratedby220lbsSteelWeightFree-Falling6ftForceinlbs.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneDeterminingMinimumAnchoragePointHeight?C=Clearance?H=AnchorPointHeight?L=DistanceBetweenAnchoragePointandD-Ring?S=DecelerationDistance?5'=HarnessD-RingHeight

?FreeFall=5'+L-H=6'max.OSHA

?Clearance=5'+L-H+S

=9.5'MinimumClearance

whereS=3.5'max.OSHABWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(d)(16)&(17)Harnesses?Limitmaximumarrestingforceto1,800pounds.?Riggedsothatanemployeecannotfreefallmorethan6feet.?Attachmentpointlocatedincenterofbacknearshoulderlevel.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(e)PositioningDeviceSystemsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(f)WarningLineSystemsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneWarning-LineSystem?Erectedaroundallsidesofroofworkarea.?6feetfromedge-10feetwhenusingmechanicalequipment.?Twowarninglinesatpointsofaccess,materialhandling,storage,andhoistingareas.?Rope,wire,orchainflaggedatnotmorethan6-footintervalswithhighvisibilitymaterial.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneWarning-LineSystem?Therope,wireorchainshallberiggedorsupportedsothatit'slowestpointisnolessthan34inchesandthehighestpointisnomorethan39inchesfromthewalking/workingsurface.?Stanchionsshallbecapableofresisting,withouttippingover,aforceofatleast16poundsappliedhorizontallyagainstthestanchion30inchesfromthewalking/workingsurface.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneWarning-LineSystem?Therope,wireorchainshallhaveaminimumtensilestrengthof500pounds.?Thelineshallbeattachedsothatpullingononesectionofthelinewillnotresultinslackbeingtakenupinadjacentsections.?Employeesarenotpermittedbetweentheroofedgeandwarninglineunlessperformingroofingworkinthatarea.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(g)ControlledAccessZonesBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(g)(1)ControlledAccessZones-LeadingEdge?Extendsparallelalongtheunprotectedorleadingedge.?Controllineconnectedtoguardrailsystemorwall.?Linesituatednotlessthan6feetnormorethan25feetfromedge.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene?Consistsofropes,wires,andtapewithaminimumbreakingstrengthof200lbs.andismarkedwithhighvisibilitymaterialsatnotmorethan6footintervals.?Stanchionsriggedsothatthelowestpointisnotlessthan39inchesnormorethan45inches.1926.502(g)(1)ControlledAccessZones-LeadingEdge(cont'd)

BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene?Controllineerectednotlessthan6feetnormorethan60feet,orhalfthelengthofthememberbeingerected,whicheverisless,fromtheleadingedge.1926.502(g)(1)ControlledAccessZones-PrecastConcreteBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene?Lineserectednotlessthan10ft.normorethan15ft.fromtheworkingedge.?Linesextendedtoencloseallemployeesperformingoverhandbricklayingandrelatedwork.?Lineserectedateachendtoenclosezone.?Onlyemployeesengagedinworkpermittedinzone.1926.502(g)(1)ControlledAccessZones-OverhandBricklayingBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(h)SafetyMonitoringSystemsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneSafety-MonitoringSystem?Competentpersontomonitor?Warnsemployeesnearinghazard?Onsamewalking/workingsurface?WithinvisualContact?Abletocommunicateorallywithworkers?Nomechanicalequipmentusedorstoredinsafety-monitoringsystemareaAshoutmaybethelastthingaworkerhearsasheorshehurtlestotheground.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(i)CoversBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(i)CoversBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(i)CoversBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(i)CoversBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(i)Covers?Capableofsupportingtwicethemaximumaxleload.?Capableofsupportingtwiceemployee,equipment,andmaterialweight.?Securedtopreventaccidentaldisplacement.?Colorcodedormarkedwiththeword“HOLE”or“COVER”.

BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(j)ProtectionFromFallingObjectsBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(j)(1),(2)&(3)Toeboards?Erectedasufficientdistancetoprotectemployeesbelow.?Abletowithstandaforceof50lbs.outwardanddownward.?Minimumheightof3and1/2incheswithnomorethan1/4inchgapatwalking/workingsurface.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(j)(5)&(6)GuardrailSystem?Erectpanelingorscreeningwhenmaterialexceedsguardrailsystem'stoprail.?Nomaterialsorequipmentstoredwithin4feetofworkingedge.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(j)(8)Canopies?Canopiesusedforfallingobjectprotectionshallbestrongenoughtosupportandpreventpenetrationbyanyobjectswhichmightfallintocanopy.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(k)FallProtectionPlan?Availableforemployeesengagedinleadingedgework,precastconcreteerectionwork,orresidentialconstructionworkonly.?Uptodate,sitespecificplanpreparedbyqualifiedperson,withacopymaintainedatthejobsite.?Changestoplanmustbeapprovedbyqualifiedperson.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&HygieneDefinition-from1926.32(m)

QualifiedPerson

-apersonwhohassuccessfullydemonstratedhisabilitytosolveorresolveproblemsrelatingtothesubjectmatter,thework,ortheproject.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(k)FallProtectionPlan(Cont'd)

?Planmustdocumentreasonswhyconventionalfallprotectionsystemsareinfeasibleorwouldcreateagreaterhazard.?Documentationofothermeasurestakentoreduceoreliminatefallhazardsforworkersnotusingconventionalfallprotection.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene1926.502(k)FallProtectionPlan(Cont'd)

?Planmustidentifyeachlocationwhereconventionalmethodscannotbeused,andlocationsmustbeclassifiedascontrolledaccesszones.?Whenalternativemeasureshavenotbeenimplemented,asafetymonitoringsystemshallbeused.BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygiene?Planmuststatenameoridentifyemployeeswhoaredesignatedtoworkincontrolledaccesszones.?Ifanemployeefalls,orsomeotherrelatedseriousincidentoccurs,theemployermustinvestigatethecircumstancesofthefallorincident,anddetermineifthefallprotectionplanneedstobechangedtopreventrecurrence.1926.502(k)FallProtectionPlan(Cont'd)

BWCDivisionofSafety&HygieBWCDivisionofSafety&Hygien