情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主謂一致

語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題六-----情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、一般疑問(wèn)句中幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的問(wèn)與答1.NeedI/he/…?Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)2.MustI/he/…?No,you/he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)haveto.(不用mustn’t)3.MayI/he/…?No,you/he/…mustn’t.(少用maynot)4.Could(Can)you…?Yes,Ican(不用could)5.ShallI/she/he…?No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“推測(cè)”,may,must使用的句式：1)肯定陳述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也許，或許”意。2)否定陳述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，maynot/mightnot表“也許不、可能不”意。3)疑問(wèn)句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。注意：表推測(cè)的could,might并不是指過(guò)去時(shí)間，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情況。2.對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的推測(cè)：1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表語(yǔ)例如：Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老師。Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是醫(yī)生。Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是醫(yī)生。2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belongto等)例如：Shemusthaveherowncar,forshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys.3.對(duì)目前正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)：句式：must/may/might/can/could＋bedoing例如：Theymustbewaitingforus.他們肯定正在等我們。Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作業(yè)。Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball?他會(huì)正在踢足球嗎？4.對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)：句式：must/may/might/can/could＋havedone例如：There’snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsnothingaboutthefilm.Shecan’t/couldn’thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor?/Hemay/might(not)havebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear?注意：willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已經(jīng)…”推測(cè)意。例如：Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematics,forheknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能學(xué)過(guò)高等數(shù)學(xué)，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)此懂得很多。三、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”用法oughtto＋havedone,意“本應(yīng)該…”，含有責(zé)備或后悔意。例如：Youshouldhavecomeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./’t/oughtn’tto＋havedone,意“本不應(yīng)該”，含有責(zé)備或后悔意。例如：Youshouldn’thavewateredtheflower./Ioughtn’ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.havedone,意“過(guò)去可能做”；couldhavedone意“本能夠做”，兩者都含有委婉批評(píng)或遺憾之意，也可表對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。例如：HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorweek,buthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我們本來(lái)是能夠提前完成工作的。四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在反意疑問(wèn)句中的用法1.“肯定祈使句＋附加問(wèn)句”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加問(wèn)句常用will/would/won’tyou形式。例如：Standstill,will/would/won’tyou?2.“否定祈使句＋附加問(wèn)句”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加問(wèn)句常用will/wouldyou形式。例如：Don’twatchTV,will/wouldyou?’s…,shallwe?;Letus…,will/won’tyou?4.含有must句子的反意問(wèn)句1)must表示“必須”時(shí)，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：Hemustgowithyou,needn’t/mustn’the?2)mustn’t表“一定不能”時(shí)，附加部分用may.例如：Shemustn’tleave,mayshe?3)must表“一定、想必”推測(cè)意時(shí)，附加部分主要有下列幾種形式：mustbeanengineer,isn’the?Theymustbewritingnow,aren’tthey?(這類(lèi)句子問(wèn)句前部分含“mustbe…”或“mustbedoing…”。)musthaveacar/livethere,doesn’tshe?musthaveseenthefilm,hasn’the？(這類(lèi)句子問(wèn)句前部分的謂語(yǔ)為musthavedone,句子無(wú)具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。)musthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didn’the?(這類(lèi)句子問(wèn)句前面部分的謂語(yǔ)為musthavedone,句子有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。)musthavebeenshoppingthen,wasn’tshe?(前面部分謂語(yǔ)為musthavebeendoing。)5.含有may表推測(cè)的句子，其反意問(wèn)句形式與must表推測(cè)的反意問(wèn)句形式相似。例如：Shemayhavefinishedherhomework,hasn’tshe?五、幾組詞語(yǔ)辨析與haveto:must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)者的主觀看法，haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’thaveto,不能用mustn’t。could與beableto:can多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)，could只用于過(guò)去時(shí)，beableto可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力而做成(或沒(méi)做成)”要用was/were(not)ableto，而不用could(not)。例如：Heworkedhard,buthewasn’tabletopasstheexam.,would,usedto:都可表“習(xí)慣”意。①will表示不受時(shí)間限制的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater./She’llsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.②would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比。如：Hewouldwalkbytheriverinthemorning.注意：would后不能跟表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如不能說(shuō)Hewouldbelateforschoollastyear.③usedto表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但這種習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在已不存在了。如：Heusedtogetupearly.Heusedtobelateforschool.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析1.－CouldIborrowyourdictionary?(NMET)－Yes,ofcourseyou________.析：B、D意明顯不合；A語(yǔ)氣不妥，與ofcourse不符。此題Could是表Can意的委婉說(shuō)法，并非過(guò)去時(shí)，所以答案應(yīng)為C。2.－ShallItellJohnaboutit?－No,’vetoldhimalready.(NMET)’t’t’t’t析：B意明顯不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不許、不得”，shouldn’t意“不應(yīng)該”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”與下文“I’vetoldhimalready”相貼切。3.－Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.－It_________acomfortablejourney.(NMET)’tbe’tbe’thavebeen’thavebeen析：A、B是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況而言，與情景不合。表否定推測(cè)不能說(shuō)mustn’thavebeen,只有D選項(xiàng)“不可能是”意思切合，時(shí)態(tài)也對(duì)，故為正確答案。firespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly，buteveryone________getout.(NMET)abletoto析：根據(jù)題干提供的情景B、D皆應(yīng)排除。在A、C兩選項(xiàng)中，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)情景要選一個(gè)“經(jīng)過(guò)努力能夠”這樣意思的詞，故定答案為C。toldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI________forher.towriteitouthavewrittenitouthavewrittenitouttowriteitout析：A項(xiàng)意“(當(dāng)時(shí))不得不寫(xiě)出來(lái)”，不合題意；D項(xiàng)意“(現(xiàn)在)應(yīng)寫(xiě)出來(lái)”也不合題意；B項(xiàng)意“(當(dāng)時(shí))肯定已寫(xiě)出來(lái)”明顯不對(duì)。只有表“當(dāng)初應(yīng)該寫(xiě)出來(lái)”意的C項(xiàng)才合上下文。youngmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_________nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.(上海高考題)析：若選A。意“不可能已被允許…”與情景不合，應(yīng)排除；B項(xiàng)不可選；C項(xiàng)意“當(dāng)時(shí)將不會(huì)被允許…”也與情況相悖。只有D“shouldnothavebeenallowed…”表示“當(dāng)初不該讓他…”才合題意。7.－CanIhelpyou,sir?－Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit______.(NMET)’twork’twork’twork’twork析：若選A。意“昨天不響（今天響了）”，不合題目情景；若選B。其意是“當(dāng)時(shí)不能工作（現(xiàn)在能工作了）”，顯然不合題；若選C。意為“這臺(tái)收音機(jī)根本不能工作（是廢品）”這未免顯得武斷；只有D表“這臺(tái)機(jī)子不響（有毛?。币獠拍芎侠淼乇磉_(dá)來(lái)找商店服務(wù)員的原因。主謂一致（Agreement）1.“EitherAorB＋謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)取決于Ｂ。例：Eitherthestudentsortheirteacherdislikesbasketball,otherwisetheywouldtakepartinthebasketballmatch.但在一般疑問(wèn)句中，謂語(yǔ)取決于Ａ。例如：Doeitherthestudentsortheirteacherdislikebasketball?Iseitherheoryougoingthere?這種謂語(yǔ)取決于與其最近的主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象叫做“就近原則”。２．“NeitherAnorB＋謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)多取決于Ｂ。但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)也出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，理由是neitherAnorB是兩部分之和，為復(fù)數(shù)概念，故其后可用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：NeithershenorIwas(或were)fortunateenoughtogainextrapoints.她和我都不幸未能獲得附加分。Neitheryounorhedoes(或do)wellinmaths.3．Neitherof…接單、復(fù)謂(通常視為單數(shù)，但在口語(yǔ)中，從意義上亦可視為復(fù)數(shù))Noneof…接單、復(fù)謂例：Neitherofthemis(或are)right.Noneofyouis(或are)fitforthejob.4.aswellas（以及）(together)with(以及)B＋謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)取決于Ａ?！癆alongwith(以及)but(除去)ratherthan例:aswellasThetraineralongwithtwogymnastsisinthegym.(together)with教練和兩個(gè)體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員在體操房里。AllbutLiDonghavepassedthetest.除了李東所有人都通過(guò)了考試。NobodybutLiDongandWangHonghaspassedthetest.除了李東和王宏沒(méi)有什么人通過(guò)那場(chǎng)考試。5.表示錢(qián)數(shù)、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)等概念名詞其后通常用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例：200yuan/500dollars/20minutesisnotenoughforus.makes15.10and510加5等于15.ismakes5.10minus510減5等于5.is（以上兩數(shù)詞例，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)認(rèn)為make,are也對(duì)。）20kilometresistoomuchforthem.20公里是他們吃不消的。6.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中be的形式取決于靠近be的名詞，若是單數(shù)名詞，則be為is/was;若是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則be為are/were（即第１條中的“就近原則”）。例如：Thereisadesk,twochairsandthreesofasintheroom.Therearethreesofas,twochairsandadeskintheroom.7.agroupof…，ateamof…后跟復(fù)謂、單謂皆可，跟復(fù)謂的理由是不止一個(gè)人，跟單謂的理由是將許多人視為“一組”、“一隊(duì)”這樣的一個(gè)單位體。例如：Agroup/teamofstudentsare/iscleaningthestreet.8.象school,class,family,team,groupgovernment等這類(lèi)群體名詞，其后謂語(yǔ)可能是單數(shù)形式，也可能是復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常視其為一個(gè)整體單位時(shí)，用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；視其為群體成員時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：Theclassarehavingameeting.這個(gè)班學(xué)生在開(kāi)會(huì)。Theclassisnotverybig.這個(gè)班不是大班。Thefamilyenjoysinginganddancing.這家人喜歡唱歌跳舞。Thefamilyhasonlythreepersons.這家只有三口人。9.象police,clothes,trousers這類(lèi)復(fù)數(shù)概念名詞，其后總是跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。thewounded（傷員）后總是跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。10.象clothing,news,information,advice這類(lèi)不可數(shù)名詞后應(yīng)跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，但它們前面有可數(shù)性短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，也可跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。例如：Theclothingisverynewsisinteresting.Fivearticlesofclothingareoverthere.ThreepiecesofnewswereannouncedonTV.11.百分?jǐn)?shù)of＋復(fù)名＋復(fù)謂，百分?jǐn)?shù)of＋單名／不可數(shù)名詞＋單謂例：40percentofthestudentsaregirls.80percentofthework/thebookhasbeenfinished.分?jǐn)?shù)后的謂語(yǔ)形式同百分?jǐn)?shù)。12.who/why/how/whether/if/than引導(dǎo)的名詞從句＋單謂例：Howhegotthereisunknown./Whyshediditremainsapuzzle./It’sluckythatheisstillalive.13.A(large)numberof＋復(fù)名＋復(fù)謂。例：Anumberofbooksareoverthere.Alargeamountof＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單謂。例：Alargeamountofmoneyhasbeenspent.Thenumberof＋復(fù)名＋單謂。例：Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis2000.主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析１．_____eitherheorItoleaveforAmerica?A.Is析：由or,either…or,nor,neither…or,whether…or,not…but,notonly…butalso等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)“就近原則”處理，因?yàn)榭瞻滋幣che最近，故要選A。2.Noonehasfinishedhishomework,________?they’ttheyhe’the析：由Noone可知空白處應(yīng)選肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因?yàn)榫渥颖硎龅囊馑际恰皼](méi)有一個(gè)人完成作業(yè)”，從人數(shù)上看是很多人沒(méi)完成作業(yè)，故排除C項(xiàng)，而選A。3.Therecomesthebus,_______?’tthere’tititthere析：這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是bus，謂語(yǔ)是comes,所以答案應(yīng)選Ｂ。4.Heisateacherbuthiswifeisadoctor,_______?’tshe’tit’tthey’the析：此題問(wèn)句前部分含but，重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)hiswifeisadoctor,故問(wèn)句部分取決于此部分，因此，該題答案為A。5.Theydon’tthinkmoneyiseverything,_______?it’tittheythey析：如果是“I/We(don’t)think＋賓從”則反意問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)取決于賓語(yǔ)從句，但此句主句的主語(yǔ)不是I或we，而是They,這時(shí)反意問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要取決于主句的主、謂語(yǔ)，所以此題答案應(yīng)選Ｄ。6.Eachsoldierandsailor_____givenariflewhentheshiplanded.析：根據(jù)whentheshiplanded,可知應(yīng)排除C,D.又因“each/everyAand(each/every)B”結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)后面應(yīng)跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，所以答案為B。thanoneperson_____involved(卷入)inthcase.析：要表達(dá)“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中選一個(gè)，因morethanone后應(yīng)跟單名，單謂，所以答案為A。istheonlyoneofourcustomerswho____thiskindofarticle.fondof析：從時(shí)態(tài)考慮可排除D。因“the/theonly…of＋復(fù)名”后的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，所以答案應(yīng)是B。但此題若將theonly去掉，則答案為A。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致專(zhuān)練1.Thepossibe____oftenprovedimpossible.A.haveyounorIammad,____?you’tIIwedon’tthinkIamwrong,____?’tyouyou’tIwasLinSongwhobroketherulesoftheschool,____?’tit’theithemusthavebeeninChinaforalongtime,_____?’the’the’the’thetheteacherhassaidistrue,____?he’theit’titmusthavesnowedlastnight,____?’tit’the’tit’tit’sthefirsttimethatXiaoQinghasbeentoTianjin,_____?sheit’tshe’tit9.Thetrousers_____fitforhim.ratherthanLiYingandWangPing____praisedbytheteacher.ismypen?I_____it.(NMET)havelosthavelosthavelostlosecomputer____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.(NMET)’t’tnotnotnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(NMET)havestudiedstudyhavestudiedstudydidn’thearthephone,I_____asleep.(NMET)behavebeenbehavebeensuretowritetous,_____?(NMET)you’tyouyou’tyoudidn’tseeherinthemeeting-roomthisthemeeting.(上海)’thavespoken’thavespoken’thavespoken’thavespokenisplentyof.(NMET)havehurried’thavehurriednothurry’thavehurrieddon’t______togothereifyouhavenotime.(上海),you_____besittinginthisisforwomenandchildrenonly.(上海)’tto’t’t’toughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(NMET)toldtellingtold’snearlyseveno’hereatanymoment.(NMET)coatisdirty,_____itforyou?IwashingIwashIgoingtowashIwashone_____thattohisface.saytosaysayingsaidusedtobeachurchintheeastofthetown,_____?’tthere’ttotherethere’ttotherebehappy!onmoreclothes.You_____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.27.－Whydidn’tyouanswerwhenIcalledyou?－I_____butyoudidn’thearme.to’t’tanswertimeismorevaluablethanmoney.needsayhardlysayhardlytosayneedtosaytobecomeapianistsomeday.30He_____therenow,butIamnotsure.behavebeenhavebeen31.－Ididn’tseehimyesterday.－Oh,butyou______.tohave’thavehave32.－Wherewereyouthismorning?Itriedtocallyou.－I_____tothelibraryforawhile.togogogotogoflowerismorewater.givegivehavegivenhavegiven34.－DoesTomwanttogotothefilm?－Yes,buthesays_____tonight.’dnotrathergo’llrathernotgowon’trathergo’drathernotgo35.－Didyouwalkhomebyyourselflastnight?－Yes,Idid.ButIguessI_____.’t’tnothave’thave36.－DoyouspeakJapanese?－No,I