成考必考時態(tài)省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎?wù)n件市賽課百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課一等獎?wù)n件

時態(tài)

1/42一.什么叫時態(tài)?在英語中,發(fā)生在不一樣時間謂語動作或狀態(tài)要用不同謂語動詞形式表示;有時候,發(fā)生在同一時間謂語動作或狀態(tài),因為說話者所強調(diào)方面不一樣,也要用不一樣謂語動詞形式表示.這里所說不一樣謂語動詞形式就是我們常說不一樣謂語時態(tài).二.時態(tài)跟時間狀語相關(guān)1.普通現(xiàn)在時

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionally/atpresent/everymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.組成法:is/am/are,do/does2/42

2.普通過去時

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/5dayslater/after5days/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986…)OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.普通未來時(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

組成法:動詞過去式組成法:will/shall

+動詞原形(“is/am/areto+動詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動詞原形”)3/424.過去未來時(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現(xiàn)在進行時(now/justnow/atthemoment…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進行時(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?組成法:would/should+動詞原形組成法:is/am/are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞組成法:was/were+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞4/427.未來進行時(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.現(xiàn)在完成時(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.組成法:will/shallbe+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞組成法:has/have+動詞過去分詞5/429.過去完成時(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.未來完成時(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

組成法:had+動詞過去分詞組成法:will/shallhave+動詞過去分詞6/4211.現(xiàn)在完成進行時(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.過去完成進行時(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?組成法:has/havebeen+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞組成法:hadbeen+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞7/42三.幾個輕易用錯時態(tài)使用方法比較在英語實際應(yīng)用中,并非都會出現(xiàn)前面提到時間狀語幫你決定謂語用什么時態(tài).對謂語時態(tài)考查主要是經(jīng)過語境來進行.下面我們來分析、比較幾個輕易用錯時態(tài).

1.普經(jīng)過去時與過去進行時使用方法比較

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapictureinoils.Nowletmeshowittoyou.(強調(diào)paint這一動作過去已做過.即:畫已畫好.)

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapicture.NowI‘mgoingtoseewhetherhehasfinishedit.(強調(diào)paint這一動作過去在進行,但未交代是否已做完)

paintedwaspainting8/42-----Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?-----Sorry,butI_______abath.A.tookB.hadtakenC.wastakingD.wasgoingtotake2.普通現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時使用方法比較Jane

washes

herownclothes.(指通常衣服都是她自己洗)Jane

iswashing

herownclothesinthebathroom.(強調(diào)暫時性,未完成,且未交代平時衣服是否自己洗)

Themanageriskindtousall.(指經(jīng)理一貫態(tài)度)Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強調(diào)暫時性態(tài)度,表示平時對我們大家并不善良)C9/423.普通過去時與過去完成時使用方法比較

客人們昨天已經(jīng)離開上海.

TheguestsleftShanghaiyesterday.(說明left發(fā)生在昨天)他說客人們已經(jīng)離開上海.

HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(強調(diào)hadleft發(fā)生在said之前,即:過去過去)

AlltheguestshadleftShanghaibyyesterday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就說明是在包含昨天在內(nèi)以前已經(jīng)陸續(xù)“離開”)10/424.普通過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時使用方法比較Oh,myGod!Ican’tgetin.I__________mykey.ButIdon’tknowwhenandwhereI___________it.havelost/lost/hadlost/mustlose(前一個空用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)“丟失”對現(xiàn)在造成影響:沒有找到,無法進門;后一句則強調(diào)“丟失”是在過去何時何地發(fā)生.)四.時態(tài)替換

1.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用普通時代替將來時,即:用普通現(xiàn)在時代替普通未來時,用普通過去時代替過去未來時,用現(xiàn)在進行時代替未來進行時,用現(xiàn)在完成時代替未來完成時.havelostlost11/42Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.----Don’tallowhimtowatchTVunlesshehasfinished

hishomework.----OK.IfheiswatchingTVbuthasn’tfinishedhishomework,I’llturnofftheTV.時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:

themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:

once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas注意:當(dāng)if表示“是否”代替whether和when表示“何時”時,不能用普通時代替未來時.I’lltellheraboutitwhenshecomesback.(時狀從句)Iwon’ttellyouwhenshewillcomeback.(賓語從句)12/42

2.nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever組成合成詞引出從句中,要用普通現(xiàn)在時代替普通未來時.Whereveryougo,youwillgetawarmwelcome.3.有部分動詞(主要是短暫性動作動詞)能夠用進行時代替

未來時,即:用現(xiàn)在進行時代替普通未來時,用過去進行時代替過去未來時.

(也可用未來時)Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.13/424.在以下短語后面從句中慣用普通現(xiàn)在時代替普通將來時:

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按預(yù)定時間表將要發(fā)生動作也可用普通現(xiàn)在時代替普通未來時,比如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機、上下課等.

(也可用普通未來時)Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always謂語用現(xiàn)在進行時代替普通現(xiàn)在時,表示反感、反對、贊揚、觀賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.14/42五.兩個特殊句型時態(tài)

1.在先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾定語從句中,要用完成時.HeistheclevereststudentIhaveevertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehadever

seen.2.在先行詞是thefirst/secondtime定語從句中,也要用完成時.ThisisthethirdtimeIhavevisitedthemuseum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.15/42六.值得注意兩點1.普通來說,只有延續(xù)性動作動詞才有進行時態(tài)(包含現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、未來進行時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、

過去完成進行時),假如短暫性動作動詞、終止性動詞和狀態(tài)動詞用在進行時態(tài)中,則不表示動作正在進行,而是表示未來或別含義.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強調(diào)暫時性態(tài)度,表示平時對我們大家并不善良)2.只有延續(xù)性動作動詞和狀態(tài)動詞才能夠與表示一段時間狀語(如:for3days,sincelastNovember)連用.Shehascaughtabadcoldforacoupleofdays.

hashad16/42被動語態(tài)當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作執(zhí)行者時，或者只需強調(diào)動作承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。17/42Football

isplayedallovertheworld.Acamera

isusedfortakingphotos.Abank

wasrobbedyesterday.Aman-madesatellite

wassentupintospacelastyear.Thetree

mustbeplantedontheground.Theground

willbecovered

with

treesinafewyears’time.

They

willbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalk

willbegivensoon.Theearth

isbeingdug

now.Thefood

hasbeeneatenupalready.Lookandfindoutthesimilarities(相同點):18/42Conclusion:（一）普通現(xiàn)在時——am／is／are+vt.p.p.普通過去時——was／were+vt.p.p.普通未來時——willbe／begoingtobe+vt.p.p.情態(tài)動詞——aux.v.(must／can／could／may…+be+vt.p.p.)現(xiàn)在進行時——be(am、is、are)+being+vt.p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時——have／has+been+vt.p.p.被動語態(tài)組成：be+vt.p.p.被動語態(tài)：主語是動作承受者。當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作執(zhí)行者時，或者只需強調(diào)動作承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。19/42Conclusion:主動語態(tài)怎樣改成被動語態(tài)？1.主動語態(tài)賓語改成被動語態(tài)主語。2.主動語態(tài)謂語動詞改成被動語態(tài)謂語動詞。do3.注意保持時態(tài)和人稱一致。4.帶雙賓謂語動詞有兩種改法。當(dāng)把直接賓語改成主語時，謂語動詞后必須加適當(dāng)介詞:tofor.如：givebegivento這類動詞還有：passshowsend…再如：buybeboughtfor這類動詞還有：makedrawcookmend…5.一些動詞不定式在主動語態(tài)中省略to作賓語補足語，改成被動語態(tài)時，to必須還原。（二）bedone注:1.不及物動詞（vi.)不用被動語態(tài)。如:happen、takeplace、appear、disappear…20/42e.g.Atrafficaccident____________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動詞（Link.v.)不用被動語態(tài)。如：be、look、seem、feel、

sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become…e.g.PekingOpera_________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當(dāng)此動詞表示事物自然屬性時候，不用被動語態(tài)。e.g.Thepen__________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells21/42MultipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.

4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedC22/426.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.8.()Thechildrenmust_______.

9.()Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat_______inherhometown

DDBA.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited7.()EveryonewhoheardMr.Green’sstory_____________it.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatAA.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappenedwhilehewasaway.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof10.()—Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.

—Yes.Mybike___________.A.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmendingB23/42

Fillintheblanksusingrightforms:1.Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.2.Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3.—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.4.Thiscoat_________(wash)well.9.Haveyoufoundyournecklace________(偷)lastweek?6.I’moften_________(警告）nottocopyothers’homework.7.Hecouldn’texplainwhydinosaurs___________(消失).8.I’llhavemybike__________________(修理)tomorrow.5.Musttheoldpeople____________(speak)topolitely?10.ThePRCwas_________(成立)onOctober1,1949.wereasked

triedtakenwashesbespokenwarneddisappearedmended／repairedstolenfounded24/42Thesubjunctivemood25/42

一、虛擬語氣在非條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反假設(shè)If+主語+動詞過去式（動詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋動詞原形與過去相反假設(shè)If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋have+過去分詞與未來相反假設(shè)1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形主語＋should,would,might,could＋動詞原形26/42eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.假如我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)．假如我知道他電話號碼，我就給他打電話了．假如明天下雨話，我們會取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:27/42使用虛擬條件句要注意幾點：１．當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示行為和主句表示行為所發(fā)生時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句“，動詞形式要依據(jù)它所表示時間作出對應(yīng)調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.假如你聽我提議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了．假如你努力學(xué)習(xí)話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生了．28/42２．省略句在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.注意：若省略條件句中謂語動詞是否定式，不能用動詞縮略形式．如我們能夠說Wereitnotforexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.

不能夠說Weren’titfortheexpense,…29/42３、用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句．慣用介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars(=Ifyouhadamilliondollars)?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp).Butfortherain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.30/42４、含蓄條件句。有時為了表示需要，在虛擬語氣中并不是總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)條件句，而是經(jīng)過其它伎倆來代替條件句。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyoubirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（連詞）Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（獨立主格）31/42Iwouldbuythebook,butIhavenotenoughmoney.Iwouldhaveboughtthebook,butIdidn’thaveenoughmoney.Ihaven’tenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldbuythebook.Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthebook.我會買那本書，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢．我會買那本書，但我當(dāng)初沒有錢．我沒有足夠錢．不然我會買那本書．32/42二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中利用用于賓語從句１、wish用于后面賓語從句中。用于后面賓語從句普通用虛擬語氣，表示一個不可能實現(xiàn)愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時表過去過去完成時表未來would,might,could＋動詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.希望我能去．33/422.用于表示命令、提議、要求等一類詞后面賓語從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.一堅持；二命令；三提議；四要求Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist表示”堅持認(rèn)為“之意時，應(yīng)用陳說語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上表情表明他對我們工作很滿意．那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢．34/42用于主語從句中

1.Itisnecessary／important／strange／natural／impossible/surprising/apity+that從句。從句中謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should能夠省略。2.Itissuggested／desired/ordered/requested/demandedthat…Itisnecessarythatyou(should)cleantheroomafterwork.Itisimportantthathe(should)workharderathislessons.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itisorderedthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.35/42３should表示驚奇、懷疑、不滿等情緒，作“竟然”解，should可省略。句型：Itissurprising/apity/strangethat….Itisapitythatheshouldbesocareless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心．Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.他離開時沒有說再見是很奇怪．注意：以上句型也可用陳說語氣．Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucan’tdance.Iamsurprisedthathe____tohelpmewhenIneededitmost.

A.shouldrefuseB.wouldhaverefusedC.shouldhaverefusedC36/42在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動詞原形”should能夠省略．用語表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.37/42

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中謂語動詞用過去式或should＋動詞原形，should不能省略