英漢筆譯-轉(zhuǎn)性譯法課件

TransformationbetweenPartsofSpeechTransformationbetweenPartso1“Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.”

(Lenin)這是不可能的，生活于社會而獨(dú)立于社會。生活于社會而獨(dú)立于社會是不可能的。生于社會，不能脫離社會。transformationofadjectiveintoverb“Itisimpossibletoliveins2TransformationDefinition:"Bytransformation，wemeanthatintranslationawordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage."(EugeneA.Nida

language,CultureandTranslating)Aim:aimedatseeking

equivalenceandachievingthemaximalexpressivenessTransformationDefinition:"By3NecessityforTransformation

NecessityforTransformation4

ClassificationofPartsofSpeechSameness

nouns;verbs;modifiersasadjectivesoradverbs;forewordsasprepositionsandconjunctions;Differencesarticles（冠詞），relativepronouns（關(guān)系代詞），relativeadverbs（關(guān)系副詞），participles（分詞），gerunds(動名詞）andinfinitives（不定式）don’texistinChinese.ClassificationofPartsofSp5Transformation

TransformationofEnglishNounsof

EnglishVerbsof

EnglishAdjectivesof

EnglishAdverbsofEnglishPrepositions

ofEnglishConjunctionsTransformationTransformation6NominalizationinEnglishandVerbalizationinChineseNominalizationinEnglishand7

TransformationofNouns

1）Englishnounsderivedfromverbs，offrequentappearanceinpoliticalwritingandnews,areusuallytranslatedintoverbs.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyoftranslation.讀一點(diǎn)世界史，對學(xué)習(xí)翻譯是有幫助的。VietnamesesWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南戰(zhàn)爭不斷地消耗美國的資源。

TransformationofNouns

181967年聯(lián)合國文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承認(rèn)以色列的生存權(quán)利的基礎(chǔ)上來解決中東沖突。The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraeliwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsraeli’srighttoexist.1967年聯(lián)合國文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承認(rèn)9

2）SomeEnglishnouns,whichpossessthepropertyofverbs,weoftentransformthenounstoverbs

inChinese.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī),聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲,令我特別神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。2）SomeEnglishnouns,whichp103）Somenounsderivedfromverbsbyaddingsuchsuffixesas“er”or“or”donotreallyindicateidentityorsomecertainprofession,butimplymuchmorethanthemeaningofaverb.Seagullsaregoodflyers.海鷗很善于飛行。Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和兒子談話時(shí),老人寬恕了年青人過去所干的壞事。他這個(gè)人最愛說話了。Heisagreattalker.3）Somenounsderivedfromverb114）EnglishnounstransformedintoChineseadjectivesIndependentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.獨(dú)立思考是學(xué)習(xí)所絕對必要的?！皁f+abstractnoun”,indicatingcharacteristicsorqualitiesofthings，oftentransformedintothecorrespondingChinese“be+adjective”construction.Butitisofsmallimportance.不過這也無關(guān)緊要。oflittle/no/some/greatimportance/significance/difference/value/wisdom每小時(shí)、每分鐘、每一秒對我們都很寶貴。Eachhour,eachminute,eachsecondisofgreatvalueforus.英漢筆譯—轉(zhuǎn)性譯法課件125）Englishnouns

transformedintoChineseadverbsThenewMayerearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民,獲得了他們的一些好感。Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來。英漢筆譯—轉(zhuǎn)性譯法課件13TransformationofEnglishVerbs

1)

Thereareagreatmanyverbs

derivedfromnouns,whichmoreoftenthannot,aretransformedtonouns.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他們看來,他就是絕對權(quán)威的化身。

Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.這些材料的特點(diǎn)是:絕緣性好,耐磨性強(qiáng)。TransformationofEnglishVerb14

2)Englishverbs

transformedintoChineseadverbsHeisfullofvigor,butfailsincarefulness.他勁頭十足，但不夠仔細(xì)。Don’tbelievewhatheissaying,healwaysindulgesinself-glorification.別信他說的，他總是大肆自吹自擂。2)Englishverbstransformed15TransformationofAdjectives1)Englishadjectives

transformedintoChineseadverbs.Asuccessfulscientistmustbeagood

observer.一個(gè)成功的科學(xué)家一定善于觀察。Hehasagood

knowledgeofinternalcombustionengines.他對內(nèi)燃機(jī)非常熟悉。TransformationofAdjectives1)162)English

adjectives

transformedintoChineseverbsHeisindiscriminateinreading.他讀書時(shí)不加選擇。Theywerenews-hungry.他們迫切地想弄到消息。他簡直受不了這樣的折磨，一種什么也不像而非常難過的折磨。(老舍：《駱駝祥子》）Thestrainwasunlikeanythinghehadeverknown,andquiteunberarable.2)Englishadjectivestransfor17

Adjectivesexpressingaperson'semotionsaremoreexpressivewhentranslatedintoverbsinChinese.Theyarenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.他們不滿足于自己現(xiàn)有的成就。Theauthorisgratefultohisreadersforvaluablesuggestion.作者感謝讀者提出的寶貴意見。英漢筆譯—轉(zhuǎn)性譯法課件183)English

adjectives

transformedintoChinesenounsStevenwaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.斯蒂芬森有口才有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱！Thisproblemisnolessimportantthanthatone.這個(gè)問題的重要性不亞于那個(gè)問題。the+adj,referstoatypeofpersonTheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。3)Englishadjectivestransform19Transformationofadverbs1）

English

adverbs

transformedintoChineseadjectivesHeroutinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他與另一個(gè)地勤人員進(jìn)行了例行的無線電聯(lián)絡(luò)。Hopefully,itwillbedoneearlynextmonth.下月初完成這項(xiàng)工作是很有希望的。Transformationofadverbs1）E202).EnglishadverbsTransformedintoChinesenouns1.Itiseditoriallysaidthat…社論說……2.Heisstrongphysically,butweakmentally.他體力很強(qiáng)，可智力很弱。2).EnglishadverbsTransforme213)Englishadverbs

transformedintoChineseverbsSheopenedthewindowtoletthefreshairin.她把窗戶打開，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。Ithasrainedover.雨停了。襲人拉了寶玉進(jìn)去。（《紅樓夢》第十九回）XirenledBaoyuin.3)Englishadverbstransformed22TransformationofPrepositionsEnglishisinsomesensecalled“prepositionallanguage”

foritsabsolutelycompletestructure(G.H.Vall)Chinese

paysmoreattentiontocoherence，naturalness，smoothnessandconsciousnessofthelanguageitself.TransformationofPrepositions23

1)English

prepositions

transformedintoChineseverbsHecametomyhouseforhelp.他來我家請求幫助?！癈oming!”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“來啦！”她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦著跳著地跑了，越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過陽臺，進(jìn)了門廊。1)Englishprepositionstrans242)Englishpreposition,mainlyinvolving

scopeordegree,transformedintoChineseadjectivesoradverbsThenewsabouttheassassinationofthepresidentquicklyspreadthroughouttheworld.暗殺總統(tǒng)的消息很快傳遍全世界。遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地起了拍掌聲和歡笑聲。（巴金《家》）Inthedistancetherewasapplauseandlaughter.2)Englishpreposition,mainly253)

EnglishprepositionstransformedintoChineseconjunctionsForallyourexplanations,Iunderstandnobetterthanbefore.盡管你做了解釋，但我還是不懂。Withallitsdisadvantagesthisdesignisconsideredtobeoneofthebest.盡管這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)有種種缺點(diǎn),仍被認(rèn)為是最佳設(shè)計(jì)之一。3)Englishprepositionstransf26

TransformationofConjunctions

1)transformEnglishconjunctionsintoChineseprepositionsInsidepressureriseswhentemperaturerises.內(nèi)部的壓力隨著氣溫的升高而升高。TransformationofConjunction272)Englishconjunctionsa