2023高考英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)整理教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

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20xx高考英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)整理

詞組專(zhuān)題

partone:動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

基本要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞常與介詞和副詞、形容詞、名詞搭配在一起，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。最常見(jiàn)的有以下幾類(lèi)：

i、動(dòng)詞+介詞（at,for,after,on,to,with,of,from,in,into,through,about等）構(gòu)成的詞組,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,其賓語(yǔ)只能接在介詞之后。

theyfinallyagreedontheplan.thisjobcallsforskillsandpatience.

thebankwasbrokenintolastnight.we’llthinkaboutit.

ii、動(dòng)詞+副詞(up,off,out,away,on,in,over,down,about,round/around等)構(gòu)成的詞組

1.一部分為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能直接加賓語(yǔ)，也無(wú)被動(dòng)。如：breakout,eabout,eout

2．一部分為及物的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),其賓語(yǔ)假如是名詞，可前可后；若是代詞，則只能放在當(dāng)中。

youcancallyourteacherup=youcancallupyourteacher

youcancallhimup.we’llthinkitover.

iii.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞:相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞

wemustmakeupforthelosttime.我們必需彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間。doihavetodoawaywithmyhabit?我是不是得除掉我的習(xí)慣？

iv.動(dòng)詞+名詞/(反身)代詞+介詞:相當(dāng)于一及物動(dòng)詞

heneverhelpsmewithouttryingtotakeadvantageofme.(利用)inschool,ioftentakechargeofvariousactivities.（負(fù)責(zé)/管理）

一、常見(jiàn)介詞、副詞與常用動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1.v+about(介詞：關(guān)于)：皆為及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

ask/inquireabout:詢(xún)問(wèn)…的狀況careabout:在乎;/介意;關(guān)注quarrelabout/over為…爭(zhēng)辯/爭(zhēng)吵

argueabout/over為…爭(zhēng)辯//辯論debateabout/on為/關(guān)于…辯論discussabout爭(zhēng)論，談?wù)?/p>

worryabout：擔(dān)憂concernabout:關(guān)懷，掛念know/learnabout:了解

readabout:讀知,閱后得知talkabout:談?wù)揾earabout:聽(tīng)說(shuō)（=hearof）

plainabout（埋怨/投訴）bringabout帶來(lái)，造成thinkabout:考慮

speakabout:談到，談?wù)?=speakof)setaboutdoingsth著

手做某事dosthabout...想方法/實(shí)行措施解決...

v+about(副詞:處處/四周)：皆為不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

walk/goabout:四處走動(dòng)moveabout:四處走,常常搬家wanderabout:閑逛/徘徊

hangabout:閑蕩eabout:發(fā)生lookabout/around:環(huán)顧;(商店中)四處看

2.v+across（介詞或副詞）

eacross...:偶遇(=eupon)runacross...:偶然發(fā)覺(jué)/遇到cutacross:抄近路穿過(guò)/橫越;影響

put/get(…)acrosstosb:解釋/傳達(dá)，使某人明白…ittookmeanhourtogetmyintentionacrosstoher.

3.v+after(介詞)

beafter:尋求,查找，追求go/run/chaseafter:追逐/逐lookafter:照看

takeafter:長(zhǎng)得像;學(xué)某人的樣askafter:探問(wèn)/詢(xún)問(wèn)name...after...:以…名字命名...

4.v+along

ealong跟著一起來(lái)willyouealongwithme?進(jìn)展/進(jìn)步sheisingalongnicelyaftertheoperation.

bring/take。。。along把…帶來(lái)/去getalong/on相處；進(jìn)展getalong/onwithsb/sth與某人相處；在...進(jìn)展

5.v+against(介詞):

argaueagainst:（發(fā)表意見(jiàn)）反對(duì)/反對(duì)beagainst:反對(duì)fight/struggleagainst:與…做斗爭(zhēng)

goagainst:違反，反對(duì)；對(duì)...不利thecasemightgoagainsthim.hewentagainsttheadviceofhiscolleaguesandresigned.turnagainst:背叛;對(duì)…實(shí)行敵對(duì)態(tài)度.eventhosewhoareonceforhimbegintoturnagainsthim.

warnagainst:警告不要,提示提防iwouldwarnagainstsuchanadventure

prevent/guard/provideagainst預(yù)防wehavetoprovideagainstaccidents.theserulescanprevent/guardagainstaccidents.

6v+apart(副詞或形容詞:分別/分開(kāi)的)

takeapart拆開(kāi);剖析tearapart:扯/拆開(kāi),使心碎tell…apart:分別/區(qū)分

setapart:區(qū)分，突出fall/eapart:瓦解/崩潰

7.v+round(副詞)

getround傳開(kāi)來(lái);四處走動(dòng)itwasnotlongbeforethenewsgotroundthattraceywasdatingjames.

getsbround:說(shuō)服某人heisdeterminedandwon’tgivein—seeifyoucangethimround

getroundto(doing)sth:最終去做/找到時(shí)間做ihaven’tevengotroundtounpackingfrommyholidayyet.

eround:恢復(fù)/清醒poursomewateronhisfacehe'llsooneround.don'tscoldtheboy;he'lleroundintime.

轉(zhuǎn)變意見(jiàn)shewillnevereround(toourwayofthinking).

(非正式的)來(lái)訪，到來(lái)；繞道eroundwhenyouhavetime.christmaswillsooneround.

bring..round/around(to...):使某人恢復(fù)知覺(jué)wemanagedtobringherroundwithsomesmellingsalt.

說(shuō)服某人轉(zhuǎn)變想法bringhimroundtoourpointofview

把話題轉(zhuǎn)到...hebroughtthediscussionroundtofootball.

8.v+aside(在一邊,另外)

put/leave/set…aside:留出/撥出以備專(zhuān)用;撇開(kāi)/擱置一邊不考慮layaside:暫放一邊throwaside:拋棄

asidefrom=besides除...外(還有)

9.v+as(介詞：充當(dāng)/作為)

serveas:充當(dāng)，用作actas:扮演，充當(dāng)workas:充當(dāng),擔(dān)當(dāng)…工作functionas:充當(dāng)（…功能）

10.v+at(介詞)

shout/yellat:對(duì)…叫喊knockat:敲laughat:稱(chēng)贊flyat:撲向

pointat:指向/著，對(duì)準(zhǔn)eat:攻擊,達(dá)到goat:撲向,盡力干catchat:想抓住,渴望

shoot/fireat:向…開(kāi)火aimat旨在；瞄準(zhǔn)；企圖targetat把…瞄準(zhǔn)…attemptat嘗試/企圖;努力

lookat:看stareat:盯著看;注視glareat:怒視glanceat瞥見(jiàn)，看一下(掃瞄)

callatsp:訪問(wèn)某地dropinatsp順便走訪某地arriveat：到達(dá);達(dá)成arriveatconclusion/agreement

workat:從事,鉆研wonderat:對(duì)…驚異estimateat:估量

11.v+away(副詞)

putaway:放好/收好；儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?舍棄giveaway:贈(zèng)送，分送;泄露turnaway:解雇;把…打發(fā)走

sendaway:驅(qū)除,解雇clearaway:清除，移走wearaway:磨掉,(時(shí)間)消逝

throwaway:扔掉,拋棄takeaway:拿走smoothaway:克服，消退

passaway:去世/逝世goaway:走開(kāi),離開(kāi)dieaway(風(fēng)/聲音)漸息/漸弱;(樹(shù)木)凋零/枯萎

12.v+back(副詞)

keepback:阻擋;隱瞞;扣留holdback:忍住，抑制住bringback:拿回；使…回想起，使恢復(fù)

takeback:帶回；撤銷(xiāo)/收回（說(shuō)的話）giveback:歸還;反射(光等)getback找回/取回;回來(lái)

callback:回電,召回處理answerback:回嘴payback:償還，

向…報(bào)復(fù)，回報(bào)

13.v+by(介詞或副詞):

goby路過(guò)某地;時(shí)間過(guò)去passby經(jīng)過(guò)某地；(時(shí)間)逝去standby旁觀(=lookon);預(yù)備行動(dòng)；支持/忠于某人;堅(jiān)持/遵守

14.v+down(介詞或副詞)

turndown:調(diào)低(音量等);拒絕某人letsbdown使某人絕望putdown：放下，登記，鎮(zhèn)壓

note/put/takedown:登記takedown取下；登記；拆卸tear/pulldown拆毀

breakdown:出毛病;裂開(kāi);崩潰；分解burndown燒毀cutdown:削減，削減；殺死，砍倒

keepdown壓制；掌握，縮減開(kāi)支holddown壓制；抑制(熱忱等)縮減slowdown使慢下來(lái),減緩

knockdown擊/撞倒;拆除;使降價(jià)bringdown使降落/下降,降價(jià)godown:下降，削減；沉沒(méi)

godownwith生…病laydown:放下，鋪設(shè)handdown:傳遞，遺傳下來(lái)

passdown:傳下來(lái)falldown落下；跌到；倒塌；失??；證明是不行的diedown:漸熄

calmdown安靜/鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)settledown定居;安靜下來(lái)settledownto安定下來(lái)用心于

getdown:從…下來(lái);下車(chē);寫(xiě)下;使懊喪getdownto開(kāi)頭仔細(xì)做，著手做

15.v+for(介詞)

makefor:向…前進(jìn);有利于/促進(jìn)headfor駛向,走向setsailfor/setofffor向某地駛?cè)?動(dòng)身

leavefor動(dòng)身去某地lookfor:查找huntfor搜尋，查找callfor:需要/要求;提倡;邀約/約請(qǐng)(callforsb)waitfor:等待carefor喜愛(ài),關(guān)懷

applyfor懇求/申請(qǐng)answerfor對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)betoblamefor...應(yīng)對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)

payfor償還,賠償standfor代表，意味著，主見(jiàn)，支持sendfor派人去請(qǐng)某人

gofor:攻擊；適用于；想要獲得；寵愛(ài)askfor:要求/要;找某人(askforsb)runfor競(jìng)選

praise/punish/scoldsbfor...因..贊揚(yáng)/懲處/責(zé)罵sbaccountfor是…的緣由;解釋;占據(jù)allowfor:考慮到；顧及

arrangefor:支配struggle/fightfor:為…而斗爭(zhēng)fallfor:沉迷/對(duì)…傾心；上某人的當(dāng)

hope/wish/longforsth:盼望/渴望bedying/eager/thirtyfor...渴望

16.v+forward(副詞)

bringforward:提出;將…提前putforward提出;促進(jìn)；

將鐘拔前pushforward:推動(dòng)/連續(xù)進(jìn)行