上海滬教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第二學(xué)期知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納集錦

上海滬教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第二學(xué)期知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納集錦第一部分：詞與詞組I、重點(diǎn)詞匯與詞組1、 beinterestedin cutdown belongto keep…alive protectoneself 2、 atone'ssuggestion makeasuggestion onthesuggestionof... indanger letout onearth communicatewith onone'ssuggestio offerasuggestion 3、 cometoadecision/arriveatadecision/reachadecisiongiveadecisionfor giveadecisionagainst giveadecisionfor makeadecision 4、 takechargeof underthechargeof inchargeof 5、 agreeon agreewith agreto(dosth) 6、 remindsb.ofsth,inaddition(to),nowthat,beexcellentfor,enablesbtodosth,becoveredwith,feellikeberesponsiblefor,nowthat,helponeself(to+food/drink/vegetable...)4、 happen,takeplace5、 frozen,freezingn、詞與詞組辨析1、alive,living 都是"活著”的意思，用法不同。例如：alive是表語(yǔ)形容詞，一般在句子中放在系動(dòng)詞后面，用作表語(yǔ)。例如：IamyourfriendaslongasIamalive. 只要我活著就是你的朋友。living是定語(yǔ)形容詞，一般在句子中放在名詞前用作定語(yǔ)。例如：Therearenotanylivingthingsinthemountainarea.在這個(gè)山區(qū)里沒有任何活著的東西。2、 patient; impatient; patienee3、comfort;comfortable;comfortably4、reply; answer(v.&n.)5、explain; explanation6、visible; vision; invisible7、contain hold8、 experienee,experieneed9、 conelude,conclusion10、 gooff,goout,goup,goaway,godown,goin11、 usedtodosth,beusedtodosth,beusedtodoingsth,beusedas,beusedfor12、 trydoingsth,trytodosth13、 goontodosth,goondoingsth14、 befamiliarto,befamiliarwith15、 pleased,pleasant,pleasure,please16、 accept,receive17、 keep的用法18、 what/how感嘆句19、 數(shù)詞的用法20、 不定冠詞a、an的用法21、 介詞后面動(dòng)詞用-ing形式22、狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞：if/aslongas,when/while/assoonas/until/before/after,though/although23、 when/while24、 well/good25、 疑問詞+主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/should/could等+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞=疑問詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式第二部分：語(yǔ)法1、 It'+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth2、 alittle,afew,little,few3、 表示數(shù)量的詞：plentyof,lotsof,alotofagreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallquantityof,alarge/smallamountofanumberof,thenumberof4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：mustn'can'maynot等的意思must與may(主語(yǔ)是第一人稱)開頭的一般疑問句的否定回答must用 或 may用 或 must,may等表示肯定的推測(cè)意義；can'表示否定的推測(cè)意義need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的用法【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法的基本練習(xí)】( )1.—MayItakemypetdogwithmeintothecinema?—Therulesaysno.Soyou .A.canB.mustn' C.mayD.needn'( )2.Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible joinusforthecharityshowtomorrow.A.need B.canC.mustD.should( )3.—MustIgetupearlytomorrow?—No, .A.youmustn'B.Idon'thinkyouhavetoC.youcan'D.youneed( )4.—MayIplaycomputergames,mum?—No.You finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.willB.canC.wouldD.must( )5.—Let'sgototheconcerttonight,Michael!—Sorry,I .Ihavetohelpmymotherwiththehousework.A.mustn'B.maynotC.needn't D.can'( )6.—Canyoufinishtheworkintwodays?—Sorry,I .Mycomputerdoesn'work.A.don'B.can't C.mustn'D.needn'( )7.— youspeakJapanese?—No,Ican'.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Should( )8.Ifthetrafficlightisred,you crosstheroad.It'verydangerous.A.don'B.mustn' C.needn't D.wouldn'( )9.—MayIuseyourruler? — .A.Yes,pleaseB.Youarenice C.Itdoesn'matterD.Itwasapleasure5、賓語(yǔ)從句：陳述句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that連接；一般疑問句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用whether/if連接；特殊疑問句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用特殊疑問詞連接?！举e語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)精選】( )1Thegirlsaskedifthey somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake( )2Catherinesaidthatshe toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen( )3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey dictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are( )4SheaskedLindaif goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay( )5Lindasaidthemoon roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled( )6.Canyoutellme youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that( )7.Idon'tknow theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where( )8.Ihardlyunderstand. hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who( )9.Shedidn'tknow backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe( )10.Idon'tknow hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when( )11.Doyouknow theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow( )12.Heaskedme toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose( )13.Theydon'tknow theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich( )14.Pleasetellme lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworkedTOC\o"1-5"\h\z( )15.SheaskedmeifIknew .A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit( )16.Youmustremember .A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid( )17.Didyouknow ?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingfor D.whoheislookingafter( )18.Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing D.whendidtheyleaveBeijing( )19.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if( )20.—Idon'tknow Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where( )21.—Weneverknow theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where( )22.Iwastold BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen))23.—Doyouknow mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.LilivedA.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived( )24.—Wheredoyouthink he thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy( )25.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas( )26.—WhereisJack?—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butrmnotsure A.that B.which C.where D.there6、直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ).人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。人稱代詞也要根據(jù)情況做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。從句中的第一人稱多變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱，第三人稱不變。例如：Hesaid,"Icametohelpyou.”他說："我是來幫助你的?！眛Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他說他是來幫助我的。.時(shí)態(tài)的變化引述動(dòng)詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不變。弓I述動(dòng)詞如果用一般過去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要變成相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種。具體變化如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)t一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)t過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)T過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)t過去完成時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)T過去將來時(shí).時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化nowtthenlastmonthtthemonthbeforetodaytthatdaythreedaysagotthreedaysbeforenowtthenlastmonthtthemonthbeforetodaytthatdaythreedaysagotthreedaysbeforetonighttthatnighttomorrowtthenextdaythisweektthatweeknextmonthtthenextmonthyesterdaytthedaybeforethedayaftertomorrowtyesterdaytthedaybefore地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化 heretthere 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化 cometgo【注意】含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)是，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)地變成過去時(shí)態(tài)。若直接引語(yǔ)為客觀真理或自然規(guī)律，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。有時(shí)由于直接引語(yǔ)有特定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變?！緦⑾铝芯渥又械闹苯右Z(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ) 】"Iamveryhappy.”saidFisherproudly.Dinnysaid: "IsawMrMuskamyesterday.”Hesaid: "Iwillhavefinishedmyworkbythattime. ”"Ihaveneverseenanythingmorebeautifulthanthis. ”hesaid.MrRochestersaid; "I'vesettledeverything;andwewillleaveThornfieldtomorrow. ”"Itistoolate. ”hesaid.“HereisMissEyre,sir, ”saidMrsFairfax."Iwilltryit, ”saidKate."I'vestudiedbiology,”hesaid.“Wewillgobacktothehouse, ”hesaid.7、不定代詞辨析:all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every禾口body,one,thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞。one,ones的用法each,every的用法other,theother,another,others,theothers的用法【不定代詞專練】( )1. policeofficersintheUKcarryguns,butmostofthemdon 't.A.NoB.SomeC.Many D.All( )2.—Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee，waterorjuice?— .Ionlyliketea.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None( )3.Therearemanytallbuildingson sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.bothD.none( )4.Shehaswrittenalotofbooks,but goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many( )5.—Wouldyoulikechickennoodlesorbeefnoodles? — .I'dliketomatonoodles.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None( )6.I'mhungry.Iwant toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing( )7.—IsawTonyattheparty.Buthedidn 'tspeaktome evening.—Maybehedidn'tseeyou.A.allB.everyC.either D.another( )8.—Areyou fromAmerica?—No,noneofus.A.bothB.allC.anyD.either( )9.Heshowedmeamagazineheboughtyesterday.Ithinkit 'sinteresting.SoIbought A.itB.thisC.thatD.one( )10.Mikefelloffthebike,buthedidn 'thurt .A.heB.himC.himselfD.hisself( )11. bookareyoulookingfor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.Whose( )12.Thereisn'tanymilkinmyglass.Wouldyougiveme ?A.someB.fewC.littleD.any( )13. Wehadplentyofpaperbut ink.A. afewB.fewC.notmanyD.notmuch( )14.Learningafor