2023屆高考英語(yǔ)作文復(fù)習(xí)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化清單

中國(guó)文化常用的專出名詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、句子一、專出名詞Chinesecivilization/gloriousculture中華文明/絢爛的文明ourtimeworncivilization我們古老的文明Nationalheritage(tangible/intangible)國(guó)家文化遺產(chǎn)(有形或者無(wú)形)Culturalrelics文化遺產(chǎn)Chinesefolkstories中國(guó)的民間故事historicalsites歷史景點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)haveadeeppassionfor/haveadeepfascinationwithsth寵愛haveakeeninterestin感愛好experiencesthinperson.親自體驗(yàn)E.g.Ihopeyoucanexperiencethismagicalfestivalwithusinperson.exposeyourselftosth接觸E.g.Youwillbeexposedtoawholedifferentcultureandcustom.gainadeepinsightintosth更好地了解gainabetterglimpseintosthdeepenyourunderstandingofourgloriouscultureE.g.Thisactivitywillhelpyougainabetterinsightintoourmagnificentculture.E.g.Thisactivitywilldeepenourunderstandingofourgloriousculture.appreciate/admire/adoreourmagnificentculture觀賞/寵愛我們絢爛的文明E.g.Isincerelywishyoucanseizetheopportunitytoexplore,enjoyandembraceourcharmingculture.arousestudents5interestinsth喚醒某人對(duì)…的愛好sthwilladdtothecharmofthisfestival.增加這個(gè)節(jié)日的魅力E.g.AChinesepaintingshowwilladdtothecharmofthisfestival.sthhaveahistoryofXXXyears擁有多久的歷史E.g.Suzhouhasahistoryof2,500years.besoakedinChineseculture沉醉immerseyourselfinChineseculture沉醉E.g.YouwillbesoakedintheenduringhistoryofChinesepaintingandcalligraphy.getacrosstosbsth讓某人理解E.g.Thisactivitywillgetacrosstoyouourmagnificentculture.drawvaluablelessonsfrom吸取閱歷教訓(xùn)E.g.Youcandrawvaluablelessonsfromthisstory.bedeeplyimpressedby被..?深深震撼E.g.Youwillbedeeplyimpressedbythespecialexpertiseofthesecraftsmen.bedeeplyrootedin深深扎根于E.g.TheChinesecharacterisdeeplyrootedinpeople'severydaylifeandexperience.reapalotfrom/harvestalotfrom收獲很大E.g.Ibelieveyouwillreapalotfromthistrip.Chinesepeople'swishesforhappinessandgoodluck.ChineseSilk（絲綢）Akindofinsectcalledsilkwormproduceswhite,rawsilkthreads.Chinesepeoplecollecttheserawthreads,createyarn（紗線）andweave（紡織）them.Thesilkfabricsaresoft,smoothandlight.Itisthebestmaterialuseinmakingdresses.Asichoudress2000yearsoldwasunearthedinatomb.Itweighedlessthan50gramsandcanbeputintoamatchbox.WesternerscherishChinesesichou.ItwasintroducedtoRomearound100BCbymerchants.Theroutetheytravellediscalledthesilkroad.paredwithothermaterial,sichouismoredelicateandlight.Theclothesmadeofsichouarethemostfortable.Nowsichouclothesareprominent（突出的）inmodernfashions.Chinesesichouhasbeenworldfamousforitshighqualityforthousandsofyears.Lantern（燈籠）Thelantern,denglong,isthetraditionallightingtoolofChinawhichalsorepresentsmerit（美妙）andjoy.Thetraditionaldenglongiscoveredbyricepaperwiththecandleburninginside.Lightsshinethroughthegossamer（薄）ricepaper.Denglonghavediversepatterns.Peopleliketodecoratedenglongs,andpaintbeautifulandauspiciousdesignsonthem.WelightseveraldenglongwhichsymbolizehappinessandgoodluckduringtheChineseNewYearandenjoydenglongshowswithfamilyduringthelanternfestival.Nowdenglongarestillusedinallkindsofcelebrations.Denglonglightthenightoffestivals.Meritandjoyspreadintodifferentfamiliesbythesedifferentlanterns.Kite（風(fēng)箏）Legendssaythattheinspirationforkiteswasawoodenbirdflyingallday.Mostlikely,peoplewereinspiredbyahatblownoffbythewindandinventedfengzheng.Legendsalsosaidthatageneralboundbamboowhistlesonahugefengzhengmadeofoxhide.Thekitemadehorriblesoundstowardoffenemies.Otherversionssayhewroteimportantmessagesonfengzhengandsentthemtohistroops.Themilitaryuseofkiteswasjustfolklore（民間傳奇）.Afterall,fengzhengaretoys.Classickitesusebamboo,rattan（藤條）orsomeotherstrong,butflexible,woodforthespars;paperorlightfabricssuchassilkforthesnails;andareflownonstringortwine.Peopleoftenmakeexquisitedecorationsonfengzheng.Fengzhenghavebeerealworksofart.Theyseemlikebeautifulpaintingsflyinginthebluesky.ChineseFan（扇子）Fans,shanzi,arenotononlyimplements（工具）,butalsoworksofartandsymbolsofstatusinChina.Shanziinscholars9handsrepresentwisdomandelegance.TherearemanykindsofshanziinChina.Themosttypicalonesarefoldingshanzi.Techniquesofcarving,weaving,calligraphyandpaintingareapplied.Shanziarenotonlyimplementswhichbringacoolbreeze,butalsoworksofart.CollectionsarecherishedbyChinese.ChineseCharacters（漢字）Themarkscarvedonrocks8000yearsagoareregardedasthefirstexampleofChinesecharacters,hanzi.AncientChineserecordedwhattheysawintheworldbydrawing.LegendssaythatChinesecharactersarepictureswhichcanberead.Westernersoftensaythathanziarepictographs.Thisisbecausethefirsthanziwerepictographswhichconveyedmeaningthroughphysicalresemblancetophysicalobjects.Meanwhile,somehanziareposedofsymbolswhichrepresentsound.Lookingbackathistory,wecanunderstandthelifeofpeopletheymentionChinawithhanzi.Thereare2500frequentlyusedcharacters.Agoodgraspofthesehanziislikereadinganencyclopedia（百科全書）onChina.Weletothemysteriousworldofhanzi.三、句子Avarietyofperformanceswillbeputonthestage,rangingfromdancingandsingingincontemporarystyletotraditionalmusicalinstrumentperformancewithancientelegance.句意：舞臺(tái)上將有各種各樣的表演，從現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的歌舞到古典優(yōu)雅的傳統(tǒng)樂器演奏。Sthisacarrier〔載體）ofourglorious/spectacularculturethroughouthistory絢爛文化的載體E.g.Chinesecharactersareacarrierofourgloriousculturethroughoutourhistory.右J意：漢字是我們絢爛歷史文化的載體。Ensuresbsth/guaranteesbsth/assuresbofsth/assuresbthatE.g.Iensure/guaranteethatyouwillenjoyagreatvisual/audiofeast.句意：我保證你會(huì)享有一場(chǎng)盛大的視覺/聽覺盛宴。sb/sthisanepitomeofsth是…的一個(gè)縮影Evennowinhersixties,sheistheepitomeofFrenchelegance.句意：即使已經(jīng)60多歲，她仍是法國(guó)時(shí)尚界的楷模。中國(guó)文化.ChineseLunarCalendarThelunarcalendar（nongli）isthetraditionalChinesecalendarandisoftenusedinagriculture.Accordingtonongli,thecrescentappearsonthefirstdayofeachmonthandfullmoonesoutatthemiddleofthemonth.Thecirclelastsforabout30days24daysmark24divisionsofthesolaryearinnongliaccordingtothedifferentpositionsofthesun.Forexample,thedivision'Lichun'or'thebeginningofspring9remindspeoplethatspringising.'Jingzhe'or'thewalkingofinsects'meansthattheweatherisgettingwarmer.'Lixia'or"thebeginningofsummer9isthepointthatcropsareblooming.'Dahan'or'thegreatcold'istheandofseverewinter.Allthiscreateacircle.Yearafteryear,peopleexperiencethemysteriesofnaturewithnongli..passApasszhinanzhenindicatesnorthandsouth.ItwasinventedbyChinese2,000yearsago.Theancientzhinanzhenlookedlikeaspoon.Whenthespoonwasputonaplate,itshandlecouldpointtothesouthusingmaqiietic（有磁性的）fields.ThenChineseusedalittlesteelneedletoreplacethespoon.Thismadethezhinanzheneasiertocarry.600yearsago,ZhengHe,afamouseunuchoftheMingDynasty,traveledtoSoutheastAsiaandtheIndiaOceanseventimes.ZhengevenreachedtheRedSeawithhelpofthezhinanzhen.Theinventionboostedthedevelopmentofnaeiwation（航海）.3.PaperPaper,zhi,wasaChineseinvention.2,000yearsago,Chineseinventedpapermaking.Thiszhiwasmadeofsilkandwassoexpensivethatonlytheemperorandaristocrats（貴族）couldaffordtouseit.1,900yearsago,aeunuchcalledCaiLunimprovedthepapermakingprocess.Hemadecheapandthinzhioutofbarkandrags.TheimprovementinpapermakingspreadzhifarandwideandmanydifferenttypesofzhiwereinventedbyChinesepeople.Xuanpaper,akindofhighqualityricepaperbestshowsthecharmoftraditionalChinesepaintingandcalligraphy.Jutepaperisusedtotranscribes（轉(zhuǎn)錄，抄寫）Chineseclassics.LaterChinesezhiwasspreadtotheWestthroughtheSilkRoad.Thousandsofyeasofcultureandcivilizationwererecordedonzhiandpassedtodifferentpartsoftheworld..PeakingOperaJingju,orPeakingoperaisanancientperformanceartwithahistoryof200years.Jingjuhasfourkindsofrolesaccordingtodifferentidentitiesandpersonalities.Thelyricsofjingjuareperformedbysingingorrhythmicspeaking,acpaniedbydozensofmusicalinstruments.Now,jingjustillenchants（使著迷）manyChinesepeopleandforeignerswithitsuniquecharm..ChinesepaintingRed,green,black,white,heavy,light,dryandwetchangesofwaterandinkonpapershowthemysteriesoftraditionalChinesepainting,guohua.Toolsandmaterialsinvolvewritingbrushes,ink,coloredink,ricepaperandsilk.Thehardnessorsoftnessofbrushes,paperabsorbency（吸水性）andcolordeterminethefeaturesofguohua.Water,inkandlinesarethemostessentialfactorsforguohua.UnlikeWesternpaintings,guohuadoesn'tusethreedimensionsorrealism.Instead,paintingsinvolveauniqueChineseviewofscenery.It'sverymonthataChinesepaintingisattachedwithapoem.IfyouunderstandguohuayouwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChinesepeople..ChinesemusicChinesemusicoriginatedfromnature.Thesoundsofthewindblowingthroughthetrees,birdschirpingandwaterflowingaretheinspirationofChineseyinyue.Xun,anancienleggshapedinslrumenlmadeofpotterycanimilalethesoundofthewindblowingthroughtheholes.Theboneflute,whichwasmade8,000yearsagocouldalsoimitatethesoundsofnature.Thereare125instrumentsintheprivateorchestraanoblemorethan2,000yearsago,accordingtoarchaeologicalfindings.VariouscategoriesmakeupChineseyinyue,someinvolvingmoremodernelements.However,thenaturalbeautyofChineseyinyuehasenduredfromclassicstylestothemodernpositions..CalligraphyChinesecalligraphy（shufa）referstowritingartandtechniqueswithwritingbrushes.1,600yearsago,aboynamedWangXizhiworkedhardatcalligraphy.Hewashedhiswritingbrushesinapoolandthepoolturnedblack.Eventuallyhebecameaprominent（杰出的）calligrapherinChina.Writingbrushes,Chineseinks,ricepaperandinkslabsarethebasictoolsofcalligraphy.Propertechniqueforhandingthewritingbrushesandmaintainingtheproperbetweenthetipsofbrushesandthepaperarerequired.Thestructureofeachindividualcharacterandoverallarrangementarebothimportant.Calligraphershavecreatedplentyofmasterpieceswhichhavebeenpassedfromgenerationtogeneration.OneofthemasterpiecesistheOrchidPavilionPreface（蘭亭集）byWangXizhi.ShufarepresentstheaesthetictasteandphilosophyofChinesescholars..ChinesewritingbrushMorethan2,000yearsago,ageneralreturnedfromhuntingandwasinspiredbythetailofarabbit.Hecutoffthetailandstuckintoabamboodrain,makingthefirstwritingbrush.Thepenholderismadeofbambooorbone,thenib（鋼筆尖）ismadeofhairsfromsheep,rabbitsorwolves.Unlikeotherwritingtools,itisdifficulttowritewithwritingbrushes.Writinghanziwithsoftmaobirepresentsorientalphilosophy.Itisregardedasamethodtocultivatethemindandnature,andwidelyusedamongscholars.Writingbecameanartcalledcalligraphywiththebirthofmaobi.MaobiisafriendofChinesescholarsmakingrecordsodtheirknowledgeandcharacter..JourneytotheWestJourneytotheWestisthemostfamousmythologyinchina.Itwasinspiredbyrealhistoricalevents.ABuddhistmonknamedXuanzangwalkedthroughthedesertformorethan10,000kilometersonhispilgrimagetoIndiatoobtainBuddhistsutra.Hisfirstdisciple,namedSunWukong,isamonkeywithgreatmagicalpower.Heisrighteous（正直）andabraveherowhohasmastered72methodsoftransformation.Unlikeconventionalheroes,itdepartsfromtraditionandfightsforfreedom.Histagis"Hey,I'ming!〃Hedefeatedpowerfuldemons（妖魔）onthepilgrimageandhelpedXuanzangacplishhisobjectivewithZhuBajieandmonkShaWujing.Thepilgrimage（朝圣之行）representsthedisciplineofBuddhism.JourneytotheWesttellsstoriesaboutselfdisciplineandoveringdifficulties.IthasaprofoundinfluenceontheChinesespirit..KungFuKungfu（gongfu）isasfastaswind,asstableasmountainsandaspowerfulasfire.Kungfuoriginatedfromlaborandtheimitationofanimals.Knives,swords,spears,sticksandbowsareusedinkungfu.Kungfuisnotonlyuseful,butalsograceful.Therefore,kungfuisregardedastheOrientalmaterialart.Itisnotmysterious,everyonecantaketraining.Kungfuisgoodforhealthandselfdefense.Now,kungfuiswidelypracticedaroundtheworld.ll.TaiChiQuanTheyinyangphilosophyoftaijiquanincludesstatic（靜）anddynamic,fastandslow.Chinesebelievethatdynamiciscontainedinstatic,andfastiscontainedinslow.Taichiisthebinationoftheseenergies.It'sfightingprincipleistomaneuvertheinternalenergyflowstoachievespeedandpower.Themostimportantfunctiontotaichiistoexperiencethetheoryofstaticanddynamicinnatureandlife,andtuneone'sheartandfigureinharmonywithnature.12.TCMTraditionalChinesemedicine,zhongyi,isatherapyandatheoryonhowtostayhealthy.Diagnosisinzhongyiesfromvariousformsofobservation,includingvisual,auditory,olfactory（嗅覺的）,tactile（觸覺的）andquestioning.Thedoctorobservesapatient'stongue,voice,inquiresaboutthepatient'shabitsandmedicalhistoryandfeelsthepatient'spulsetomakeadiagnosis（診斷）.Therapiesinzhongyi,emphasizetactilestimulation.ToolsforGuaShaandcuppingareeasilyfoundindailylife.Herbalmedicinesareselectedfromnatureplantsandprocessedtocuredifferentdiseases.Zhongyiprescribestothebeliefthatthehumanbodyhasitsownfunctioningsystem.Peoplearehealthyaslongastheirbodysystemremainsbalanced.13.AcupunctureandMoxibustionAcupuncture,whichiscalledzhenjiuinChinese,isamedicaltreatmentthatoriginatedinChina.Zhenmeans'needlesthatpierceone'sbody\Jiumeans'moxibustion'（艾灸）,aspecialtreatmentintraditionalChinesemedicine.Plantleaveswereonceusedtosmokecertainpartsofthehumanbody.TraditionalChinesemedicinedescribestheenergyflowwithinthehumanbodyasanetwork.ItiscalledJingluo\Themajornodes（節(jié)點(diǎn)）onthenetworkarecalledxueweioranacupuncturepoint.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelievethatstimulatingthexueweicanpromoteenergycirculationandexpel（斗區(qū)除）illness.Forexample,havingzhenjiuonzusanlicanpromotedigestionandhavingzhenjiuonneiguanisgoodforone'sheart.Chinesepeoplehavebeenusingthismedicaltreatmentforthousandsofyears.Thetinyneedlesrevealthemysteriesofhumanbody.14.SpringFestivalSpringfestival,chunjie,isthefirstdayoftheChineselunarcalendar.Whenchunjieisapproaching,peoplearebusypurchasinggoods,weepingthehouse,cookingtraditionalfood,makingspringfestivalcoupletsandhangingspringfestivalpictures.Havingafamilydinneristhemainactivityonchunjie.Dumplingsareessentialtothedinner.Dumplingsrepresentreunionandgoodwill.Thewholefamilygathertoenjoyqualityfamilytime.6.Onchunjie,lunarnewyear'sday,peopleinnewclothesvisiteachotherandgivemoneytokidstosendgoodwishes.7.Duringholidays,allkindsofcelebrationsareheldincludingtemplefairs,performancesandlanternexhibitions,whichlastnearlyamonth..QingmingFestivalTheQingMingfestivalisadayofreverenceforChinese.peopleholdceremoniesforancestors,andsweeptheirtombsonApril5theveryyear.Accordingtotradition,duringthetombsweeping,peopleputfoodinfrontofthetombs,addnewsoilonthetomb.Decoratethetombswithsomefreshbranchesandknockhead.AtraditionalChinesepaintingnamedRiverSceneontheQingMingfestival,drawnninehundredyearsago,showstheprosperous（富強(qiáng)）atmosphereandactivitiesonthatday.Peopereturnedfromtombsweepingwithhorsesandpackagesinthepicture.Now,itisapublicholidayinChina.Althoughceremonieshavechangedalittlewithtime.Chinesestillexpresstheirgriefforthedeceased（已故的人）..DragonBoatFestivalInancienttime,therewasagreatpoetcalledquyuan.Hecouldn'tbeartheanguishwhenhismotherlandwasinvaded（侵入）,sohedrownedhimselfintheriver.Localresidentsrodeboatstosalvage（水上救助）anddropriceballsintotherivertodistractofficiousattentionfromjuicebodyLaterpeoplememorializedQu'spatriotismbyrowingandmakingZongziontheDragonBoatFestival,DuanwujieThat'showthetraditionofdragonboatracingandeatingZongziwerestarted.AnationpracticeonDuanwujieistoputwormwoodonthefrontdoortorepelevilthings.Insomeplacespeopledrinkrealgar（雄黃）wine,andchildrenwearsachet（香囊）.NowthefamilygetstogetheronDuanwujie.8.Nowadayspeoplehaveavarietyotheractivitiestocelebratethistraditionalfestival..MidAutumnFestivalTheMidAutumnFestival,ZhongqiujieisafestivalforfamiliestogettogetherinChina.Itfallsonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth,whenthefullmoonreturnstothesky.Onthisday,peopleeatamoonshapeddessertcalledthemooncake.Allthefamilymemberssittogether,eatMoonCakes,andfreshfruits,andenjoythesightoftheroundandbrightmoon.Thosewhocannotreturnhomelookattheroundmoonandthinkoftheirfamily.Chinesepeopleallaroundtheworldsharethesametradition.Justlikeanancientpoemsays,themoonwasrisingfromthesea,andallthepeopleweresharingthismoment..GreatWallThereisalong,stretchingwallinChinacalledtheGreatWall,changcheng.Withalengthofmorethan5000kilometres,changchengwasbuiltcontinuouslyovermorethant2000yearsbyChinesepeople.Thewatchtowerswouldbelitupbytorchesifawatchmanspottedanenemyinvasion.MessagescouldbepassedtothemilitarycentrefromoneWatchtowertoanother.Changchengwasexpectedtoprotectnationalpeace.Constructingchangchengwouldguardourownterritoryandwewon'tinfringe［侵害）onotherpeople'sterritory.Itisnotonlybrickwall,butalsooneoftheworld'sgreatesthistoricalarchitecturalworks..DumplingChinesepeoplelikeeatingdumplings,jiaozi,fortheirdelicioustasteandauspicious（吉禾（J的）meanings.Jiaoziaremadeofmeatandvegetablefilling,andenclosedinapastryshapedlikeahalfmoon.Theyareboiledinwaterandeatenwithsauceslikevinegar.Therearehundredsoffillingswithdifferentflavours.TheshapeofjiaozilooksliketheancientcurrencyofChinacalledyuanbao.PeopleeatdumplingsontheChineseNewYearwishingtheywillearnmoremoneyintheingyear.Therearemanystepstomakejiaozi.Peopleevenliketoputacoinintoonejiaoziandanyonewhogetsthiscoinwillbeluckyintheingyear.Makingjiaozitogetherwiththewholefamilycreatesaunique,harmoniousatmosphere.Chinesebelievethatahotbowlofjiaoziisfullofthefamily'sloveandaffection.2O.BeijingRoastDuckIfyouetoChina,roastduck(kaoya)isamusthave.Kaoyaisafamous,deliciousdishinChinawithahistoryof1600years.Anauthentickaoyashouldberoasteddelicatelyinanovenburningfruitwood.Thetemperatureandtimingshouldbestrictlycontrolled.Tokeeptheskincrispandthemeattender,kaoyashouldbetakenoutoftheovenafter50minutes.Aroastduckmustbecutintomorethan100sliceswithinseveralminutesafterithasbeenbroughtoutoftheoven.Eachslicecontainsskinandmeat.Thinpancakes,Chineseonions,cucumbersandspecialsauceareusedtoplementkaoya.Nowyouhavefollowedussofar,ifyoustillhaven'tdecidedtotrythisfamousBeijingspecialitythenyouwillprobablymissthemostenjoyableculinaryexperienceofyourlife.21.HotpotIfyouwanttolookforanutritiousmealtosharewithyourfamily,youshouldchoosehotpot,huoguo.Huoguohasahistoryofmorethan1700yearsinChina.Tokeepoutthecold,peoplepulllambchopsintheboilingpotandatethem.Huoguoingredientsshouldbeselectedcarefully.Onlyfivepartsofalambshouldbeusedandcutintosheetsforcooking.Thesauceisposedofmorethantenseasonings.Theingredientsofthesaucearethemercialsecretofhotpot.HuoguoispopularalloverChina.Therearevariousstylesofhuoguo.Vegetablesandmeatcanbeboiledinhuoguo.Sharinghotpotmealsofmeatandvegetablesboiledinsavorybothwithyourfamilyisagreatexperienceinthedepthofwinter.Ishuoguothebestchoice?Doyouwanttotryit?22.TofuIsthereakindoffoodthatischeap,deliciousandnutritious?Yes!ItisChinesedoufu.Some2100yearsago,anoblewholongedforimmortality［不朽、長(zhǎng)生不老)developedallkindsofprescriptionseveryday.Oneday,heaccidentallydroppedplasterintosoybeanmilk.Thesoybeanmilkcurdledintosomethinglikepudding.Heboldlytesteditandfounditverydelicious.Thenewdishiswhatwecalleddoufufoodtoday.Doufuismadeofsoybeans,whicharerichinprotein.Doufucanbecookedwithfish,vegetablesandotheringredients.Wecanalsoeatitrare.Theeasiestwayistoputalittlebitofchives,oilandsaltwithdoufu.Doufutasteslight,yummyandreallymeltsintoyourmouth.InChina,doufuisquitepopu