(15)-國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2020

Incoterms:適用范圍Incotermsstandingforinternationalcommercialterms“國(guó)際商業(yè)/商事/貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)“？國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則?2010國(guó)際貿(mào)易使用規(guī)則Incoterms2020：概述INTRODUCTIONTOINCOTERMS2020RULESFORANYMODEORMODESOFTRANSPORTEXW|ExWorksFCA|FreeCarrierCPT|CarriagePaidToDAP|DeliveredAtPlaceCIP|CarriageandinsurancePiadToDPU|DeliveredatPlaceUnloadedDDP|DeliveredDutyPaidRULESFORSEAANDINLANDWAERWAYTRANSPORTFAS|FreeAlongsideShipFOB|FreeOnBoardCFR|CostandFreightCIF|CostInsuranceandFreightARTICLE-BY-ANTICLETEXTOFRULESINCOTERMS2020DRAFTINGGROUPIncoterms2020：形式特征與核心內(nèi)容形式上內(nèi)容上1.每個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)均由間斷的三個(gè)英文字母表示，如FOB、CIF2.每一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)都用A、B兩欄分別一一對(duì)應(yīng)地列出賣方與買方的10項(xiàng)義務(wù)解決貨物貿(mào)易中貨物交付（delivery）過(guò)程中買賣雙方的一般義務(wù)（obligations）、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分（risks）與費(fèi)用承擔(dān)（costs）問(wèn)題ChangeforDATtoDPUIncoterms2010Incoterms2020FORANYMOOEOFTRANSPORTFORANYMOOEOFTRANSPORTEXW/ExWorksEXW/ExWorksFCA/FreeCarrierFCA/FreeCarrierCPT/CarriagePaidToCPT/CarriagePaidToCIP/CarriageAndInsurancePaidToCIP/CarriageAndInsurancePaidToDAT/DeliveredAtTerminalDAP/DeliveredAtPlaceDAP/DeliveredAtPlaceDPU/DeliveredAtPlaceUnloadedDDP/DeliveredDutyPaidDDP/DeliveredDutyPaidFORMARITIME-ONLYTRANSPORTFORMARITIME-ONLYTRANSPORTFAS/FreeAlongsideShipFAS/FreeAlongsideShipFOB/FreeOnBoardFOB/FreeOnBoardCFR/CostAndFreightCFR/CostAndFreightCIF/CostInsurance&FreightCIF/CostInsurance&FreightChangeforDATtoDPU1.TheonlydifferencebetweenDATandDAPinIncoterms?2010was

thatinDATthesellerdeliveredthegoodsonceunloadedfromthearrivingmeansoftransportintoaterminal";whereasinDAP,thesellerdeliveredthegoodswhenthegoodswereplacedatthe

disposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportforunloading.2.TheGuidanceNoteforDATinIncoterms?2010definedtheword"terminal"broadlytoincludeanyplace,whethercoveredornot..."3.ICCdecidedtomaketwochangestoDATandDAP.First,theorderinwhichthetwoIncoterms?2020rulesarepresentedhasbeeninverted,andDAP,wheredeliveryhappensbeforeunloading,nowappearsbeforeDAT.Secondly,thenameoftheruleDAThasbeenchangedtoDPU(DeliveredatPlaceUnloaded),emphasisingtherealitythattheplaceofdestinationcouldbeanyplaceandnotonlya"terminal.1.IntheIncoterms?2020,costsappearatA9/B9ofeachIncoterms?rule.A9/B9intheIncoterms?2020rulesareconsequentlylongerthanA6/B6intheIncoterms?2010rules.2.Thepurposeistoprovideuserswithaone-stoplistofcosts,sothatthesellerorbuyercanfindinoneplaceallthecostsforwhichitwouldberesponsibleunderthatparticularIncoterms?rule.3.However,itemsofcostarealsomentionedintheirhomearticle:thus,e.g.,thecostsinvolvedinobtainingdocumentsinFOBstillalsoappearatA6/B6aswellasatA9/B9.Thethinkingherewasthatusersinterestedindiscoveringthespecificallocationofdocumentarycostsmightbemoreinclinedtogotothespecificarticledealingwithdeliverydocumentsratherthantothegeneralarticlelistingallthecosts.TheWayCostsAreListed1.WheregoodssoldFCAforcarriagebysea,sellersorbuyers(ormorelikelytheirbankswhereaLCinplace)mightwantaBLwithanon-boardnotation.2.However,deliveryunderFCAruleiscompletedbeforetheloadingofthegoodsonboardthevessel.Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesellercanobtainanon-boardBLfromthecarrier.Thatcarrierislikely,underitscontractofcarriage,tobeboundandentitledtoissueanon-boardBLonlyoncethegoodsareactuallyonboard.3.Tocaterforthissituation,FCAA6/B6ofIncoterms?2020providesforanadditionaloption.Thebuyerandthesellercanagreethatthebuyerwillinstructitscarriertoissueanon-boardBLtotheselleraftertheloadingofthegoods,thesellerthenbeingobligedtotenderthatBLtothebuyer,typicallythroughthebanks.4.ICCrecognisesthat,despitethissomewhatunhappyunionbetweenanon-boardBLandFCAdelivery,thiscatersforademonstratedneedinthemarketplace.FCA&BLwithanon-boardnotationIncoterms2020Incoterms2010A1/B1GeneralObligationsGeneralObligationsA2/B2Delivery/TakingDeliveryLicences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalitiesA3/B3TransferofRisksContractsofcarrlageandinsuranceDeliveryA4/B4CarriageDeliveryA5/B5InsuranceTransferofRisksA6/B6Delivery/TransportDocumentAllocationofCostsA7/B7Export/ImportClearanceNoticesA8/B8PackagingDeliverydocumentA9/B9AllocationofCostsChecking-packing-markingA10/B10NoticesAssistancewithinformationandrelatedcostsRe-orderingwithintheIncoterms?Rules

TheIncoterms?2020focusingonhowthepresentationcouldbeenhancedtosteeruserstowardstherightIncoterms?rulefortheirsalecontract.ThusThreegeneralchanges:1.MoredetailedIntroductiononmakingtherightchoice;2.Re-orderingwithintheIncoterms?rulesgivingdeliveryandriskmoreprominence;and3.UpgradedfromGuidanceNotesinIncoterms2010toExplanatoryNotestoeachIncoterms?rule.Furthertechnicalchanges1.FCA&BLwithanon-boardnotation2.Thewaycostsarelisted3DifferentlevelsofinsurancecoverinCIFandCIP4.Arrangingforcarriagewithseller'sorbuyer'sownmeansoftransportinFCA,DAP,DPUandDDP5.Changeinthethree-letterinitialsforDATtoDPU6.Inclusionofsecurity-relatedrequirementswithincarriageobligations&costs

ChangesfromIncoterms?2010toIncoterms?20201.沿用Incoterms⑧2010的標(biāo)題，以ICCPublicationNo723E出版2.與Incoterms2010相比，IncotermsR2020的實(shí)質(zhì)性變化并不大，術(shù)語(yǔ)總數(shù)仍為13個(gè)，只是比以往的版本更精細(xì)化，以更加簡(jiǎn)明的方式星現(xiàn)所有的規(guī)則，包括對(duì)語(yǔ)言的修改3.最重要的是聚焦在如何改善呈現(xiàn)方式，以便引導(dǎo)用戶針對(duì)他們的合同正確地選擇Incoterms規(guī)則。主要是對(duì)引言和解釋的擴(kuò)充、對(duì)條款順序的重新編排，以更好地反映銷售交易的邏輯。是國(guó)際商會(huì)Incoterms規(guī)則的第一個(gè)包含“橫向”展示的版本，即將所有類似條款集中在一起，使用戶清楚地看到11個(gè)Incotermso⑧規(guī)則在處理特定問(wèn)題上的差異，使用戶使用起來(lái)更方便。Incoterms2020:修改內(nèi)容ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.主要原因

對(duì)貨物運(yùn)輸中的安全問(wèn)題的日益關(guān)注

根據(jù)貨物的性質(zhì)和運(yùn)輸靈活安排保險(xiǎn)的需要

FCA規(guī)則下銀行在特定貨物銷售融資中對(duì)已裝船提單的要求2.修改過(guò)程

2016年10月14日在巴黎總部召開的商法與慣例委員會(huì)會(huì)議上決定修改。之后通過(guò)各種。

國(guó)際商會(huì)商法與慣例委員會(huì)(CLPCommission)與海關(guān)與貿(mào)易便利委員(CustomsandTradeFacillitationCommission)、國(guó)際商公各國(guó)家委員會(huì)(NCs)、其他各專門組織(InternationalFederationofFreightForwardersAssociations，InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance,EuropeanShippersCouncil,SenegaleseShippersCouncil)合作2019年9月10日公布，作為向國(guó)際商公成立100周年的獻(xiàn)禮，將于2020年1月1日生效。Incoterms2020:修改原因與過(guò)程ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradetermsIncoterms2010:其他修改ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterm1.電子通信

Incoterms1990說(shuō)明可以被電子數(shù)據(jù)交換信息替代的文件。IncotermsA1/B1條賦予電子方式的通信和紙質(zhì)通信相同的效力，只要締約雙方同意或存在交易慣例。2.保險(xiǎn)范圍Incoterms2010是協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款（InstituteCargoClause01/01/2008)修訂過(guò)來(lái)的第1次修訂。為明確締約方在該事項(xiàng)上義務(wù)，關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的A3/B3條的實(shí)行也做了變化3.安全清關(guān)如今，貨物運(yùn)送過(guò)程中的安全問(wèn)題要求確認(rèn)貨物除了本身固有性質(zhì)原因外對(duì)于人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)不造成威脅。如Incoterms2010中的A2/B2和A10/B10條款中連鎖保管的信息。4.連環(huán)銷售在農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品銷售中，貨物經(jīng)常在鏈條運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中被頻繁銷售多次。此時(shí)，在鏈條中間緩解的賣方并不“船運(yùn)”這些貨物，因?yàn)檫@些貨物一家由最開始的賣方船運(yùn)了，途經(jīng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中間環(huán)節(jié)的賣方因而履行其對(duì)買方的義務(wù)，并不是通過(guò)船運(yùn)貨物，而是通過(guò)“取得”已經(jīng)被船運(yùn)的貨物。為明確起見，已將此作為通則的相關(guān)規(guī)則中船運(yùn)貨物義務(wù)的替代義務(wù)。TermsinIncoterms2010ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltardeterms1.Altogether11terms,twogroups:FORANYMODEOFTRANSPORTEXW/ExWorksFCA/FreeCarrierCPT/CarriagePaidToCIP/CarriageAndInsurancePaidToDAP/DeliveredAtPlaceDAT/DeliveredAtTerminalDDP/DeliveredDutyPaidFORMARITIME-ONLYTRANSPORTFAS/FreeAlongsideShipFOB/FreeOnBoardCFR/CostAndFreightCIF/CostInsurance&Freight2.Deleted4terms3.Added2termsDAT(DeliveredAtTerminal)DAP(DeliveredAtPlace)DAF(DeliveredatFrontier)DES(DeliveredExShip)DEQ(DeliveredExQuay);andDDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid)Incoterms?2010:內(nèi)容修改ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.13個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)變成了11個(gè)2.用兩個(gè)新術(shù)語(yǔ)DAT(DeliveredAtTerminal)DAP(DeliveredAtPlace)取代了四個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)：DAF(DeliveredatFrontier)、DES(DeliveredExShip)、DEQ(DeliveredExQuay)和DDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid）3.在這兩個(gè)新增術(shù)語(yǔ)中，交貨都在指定的目的地進(jìn)行，在DAT術(shù)語(yǔ)下，貨物已從到達(dá)的運(yùn)輸工具上寫下，病交買方處置，與DEQ規(guī)定相同，在DAP術(shù)語(yǔ)下，同樣是買方處置，但需做好卸貨準(zhǔn)備，與DAF、DES和DDU規(guī)定的相同。DAT術(shù)語(yǔ)下的指定目的地可以是港口，可完全適用于DEQ所使用的情形。同樣，DAP術(shù)語(yǔ)下的到達(dá)的“運(yùn)輸工具”可以是指船舶，指定目的地可以是指港口，因此，DAP可完全適用于中DES所使用的情形。這使得DES和DEQ變得多余。Incoterms?2010:技術(shù)性修改ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.在Incoterms?2010術(shù)語(yǔ)中，每個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的前面都增加了使用說(shuō)明，解釋在每條規(guī)則的基本內(nèi)容2.將Incoterms2000放入E、F、C、D組分類法廢除，以多式聯(lián)運(yùn)與水運(yùn)方式將兩組分類取而代之。3.在FOB、CFR和CIF三個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)中，改變了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)以越過(guò)船舷（shiprail）為交貨的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而代之以將貨物裝上船（onboard）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，更貼切地反映了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)實(shí)際，避免了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在想象中的垂線上來(lái)回?fù)u擺這一頗為陳舊的觀點(diǎn)。4.首次在貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)中對(duì)買賣方不使用有性別的稱謂Incoterms?2010:適用范圍ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.在恐怖主義猖獗，國(guó)際上免稅區(qū)持續(xù)增加、電子通訊使用量持續(xù)成長(zhǎng)、對(duì)貨物運(yùn)輸安全性日益關(guān)注、運(yùn)輸實(shí)務(wù)不斷改變等因素的影響下，Incoerms2010對(duì)各式“交貨”規(guī)則予以更新2.副標(biāo)題變?yōu)镮CCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradetermIncoterms在傳統(tǒng)上被用于國(guó)際貨物銷售合同，貨物需要進(jìn)行跨境運(yùn)輸。然而，在世界許多地區(qū)，如歐盟，已使不同國(guó)家間的過(guò)關(guān)手續(xù)變得不那么重要。Incoterms2010通過(guò)這一副標(biāo)題正式認(rèn)可其既可以適用于國(guó)際貿(mào)易，也可以適用于國(guó)內(nèi)銷售。所以，Incoterms2010在一些地區(qū)明確規(guī)定，只有在適當(dāng)