現(xiàn)場只在受害人指甲中找到案犯的一些皮膚組織【-】課件

現(xiàn)場只在受害人指甲中找到案犯的一些皮膚組織【-】課件1現(xiàn)場只在受害人指甲中找到案犯的一些皮膚組織，如何破案？請你破案現(xiàn)場只在受害人指甲中找到案犯的一些皮膚組織，如何破案2一、DNA的基本單位——脫氧核糖核苷酸②③

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腺嘌呤脫氧核糖核苷酸鳥嘌呤脫氧核糖核苷酸胸腺嘧啶脫氧核糖核苷酸胞嘧啶脫氧核糖核苷酸脫氧核糖含氮堿基磷酸一、DNA的基本單位——脫氧核糖核苷酸②③①腺嘌呤脫氧核3核糖核苷酸脫氧核糖核苷酸脫氧核糖核糖尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸脫氧核糖核苷酸脫氧核糖核糖尿嘧啶4脫氧核苷酸的結(jié)構(gòu)與種類脫氧核苷酸脫氧核苷磷酸脫氧核糖含氮堿基嘌呤嘧啶腺嘌呤（A）鳥嘌呤（G）胞嘧啶（C）胸腺嘧啶（T）脫氧核苷酸種類腺嘌呤脫氧核苷酸鳥嘌呤脫氧核苷酸胞嘧啶脫氧核苷酸胸腺嘧啶脫氧核苷酸脫氧核苷酸的結(jié)構(gòu)與種類脫氧核苷酸脫氧核苷磷酸脫氧核糖含氮堿基5DNA的組成元素脫氧核苷酸規(guī)則的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)1DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)DNA的基本單位DNA的多樣性DNA的特異性堿基對的排列順序千變?nèi)f化特定的堿基排列順序DNA的空間結(jié)構(gòu)C、H、O、N、PDNA的組成元素脫氧核苷酸規(guī)則的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)1DNA的結(jié)6DNA的分子結(jié)構(gòu)《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的論文沃森克里克(美國生物學(xué)家)(英國物理學(xué)家)DNA的分子結(jié)構(gòu)《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的論文沃森7DNA的空間結(jié)構(gòu)--規(guī)則的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)1953年由沃森和克里克提出1.DNA分子是由兩條反向平行的脫氧核苷酸長鏈盤旋而成的規(guī)則雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)2.脫氧核糖與磷酸交替連結(jié)，排列在外側(cè)，構(gòu)成基本骨架；堿基排列在鏈的內(nèi)側(cè)。3.兩條鏈上的堿基通過氫鍵連結(jié)起來，形成堿基對。堿基對的組成有特定的規(guī)律：即腺嘌呤一定與胸腺嘧啶配對，鳥嘌呤一定同胞嘧啶配對。DNA的空間結(jié)構(gòu)--規(guī)則的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)1953年由沃森和克里克8DNA分子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點DNA分子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點9DNA分子的特性多樣性特異性穩(wěn)定性DNA作為遺傳物質(zhì)的理論證據(jù)DNA分子的特性多樣性特異性穩(wěn)定性DNA作為遺傳物質(zhì)的理論證10利用堿基互補配對規(guī)律的計算規(guī)律一：DNA雙鏈中的兩條互補鏈的堿基相等，任意兩個不互補的堿基之和恒等，占堿基總數(shù)的50%。即：A+G＝T+C＝A+C＝T+G＝50%，（A+G）/(T+C)＝(A+C)/(G+T)＝(T+C)/(A+G)＝1。規(guī)律二：在DNA雙鏈中的一條單鏈的A+GT+C的值與另一條互補鏈的T+CA+G的值互為倒數(shù)關(guān)系。規(guī)律三：DNA雙鏈中，一條單鏈的A+TG+C的值與另一條互補鏈的A+TG+C的值是相等的，也與整個DNA分子中的A+TG+C的值相等。利用堿基互補配對規(guī)律的計算規(guī)律一：DNA雙鏈中的兩條互補鏈的11鞏固提高1.已知一段雙鏈DNA有100個堿基對，其中腺嘌呤有60個,請問鳥嘌呤的比例是_________，(A+C):(T+C)的值是__________。A+T+C+G=200A=TC=G100401=1A+G=G=40A+CT+G鞏固提高1.已知一段雙鏈DNA有100個堿基對，其中腺嘌呤12ATCGTAGCnm鞏固提高A+ＧT+Ｃ=am鏈：=an鏈：T+CA+G=1/aA+ＧT+Ｃn鏈：整個DNA：A+ＧT+Ｃ=1A+TG+Ｃ=bm鏈：n鏈：=bT+AC+G=bA+TG+Ｃn鏈：整個DNA：A+TG+Ｃ=b2.ATCGT13【例1】(2000年廣東高考題)已知一段雙鏈DNA中堿基的對數(shù)和腺嘌呤的個數(shù)，能否知道這段DNA中4種堿基的比例和(A+C)：(T+G)的值()A能B否C只能知道(A+C)：(T+G)的值D只能知道四種堿基的比例

AATGC

TACG已知腺嘌呤A的個數(shù)，等于已知T的數(shù)目(A＝T)。知道DNA中堿基對數(shù)，可以求出C+G的數(shù)目，也就可以求出G和C的數(shù)目(G＝C)。在雙鏈DNA中，A+CT+G＝1。

【例1】(2000年廣東高考題)AA14【例2】(1998年上海高考題)在含有4種堿基的DNA區(qū)段中，有腺嘌呤a個，占該區(qū)段全部堿基的比例為b，則()Ab≤05Bb≥05C胞嘧啶為a（12b-1)個D胞嘧啶為b(12a-1)個C【解析】根據(jù)堿基互補配對原則，有A＝T，C＝G，ATC

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