Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage課件-高中英語人教版選擇性

UNIT1SCIENCEFICTIONLearningAboutLanguageTopracticesomenewwordsorexpressionsbydoingexercises.Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.1

integrity

hadanappointmentwithdignityweredismissednotguiltyMatcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.

2Amoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,bytheorganisationheorsheisworkingforBmoneygivenforworkdone,goodsreceived,etc.Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasisDextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody’swagesasarewardforhardworkorgoodperformanceEmoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoonFmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceorservicesGmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,suchasthebus,train,ortaxiHmoneysavedforaspecialpurposeCompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAldevelopment.3fascinatingtestoutdismisssciencefictionmorelikedignityintelligentsciencefictiontestedoutmorelikefascinatingdignityintelligentdismissToreviewthepassivevoice1Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).被

動

語

態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。使用被動語態(tài)的句子，謂語動詞的形式是“be+動詞過去分詞”。語義上主語為動作的承受者或?qū)ο?，主要用于需要強調(diào)動作承受者、不必要指出動作執(zhí)行者的情況，或出于語篇銜接連貫在“be+動詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動詞be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動詞be相同。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例

句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.一般過去時was

/were+過去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.過去進行時was

/were+being+過去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.1.常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)2.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式(1)

雙賓動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

雙賓動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，直接賓語不變。如將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

egHe

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

Some

money

was

given

to

her.(2)

帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時，一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語為主語補足語)。

egHisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.(3)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。

egTheproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.(4)“be+過去分詞+不定式”的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

egHeisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.(5)“it+be+過去分詞+從句”式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

egIt’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itisknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Itisbelievedthat...人們相信(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)用來表示狀態(tài)或情況,?？嫉男问饺纾?/p>

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車)軋3.主動形式表示被動意義(1)有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。

a.某些連系動詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等。

egThefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

b.某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

egItcan’tmove.

Thedoorwon’tshut.

c.某些可與well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read,write,wash等。

egMynewpenwriteswell.

Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.b.在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。

egThefilmiswellworthseeing.

Thepolicyispartlytoblameforcausing

theworstunemploymentinEurope.c.當(dāng)want,need,require表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。

egThecarpetreallywantscleaning

(=tobecleaned).

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering

(=tobewatered).4.不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況(1)謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。(2)謂語是不可拆開的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語動詞。(3)賓語是無實意的代詞it。(4)賓語是表示身體的某一部分的名詞。(5)賓語是某些抽象名詞。(6)have在任何情況下都不能用于被動語態(tài)。(7)一般來說，當(dāng)動詞的賓語是動詞-ing形式或者是不定式時不能變成被動語態(tài)。(8)將來進行時和完成進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。如果遇到這種情況時，可以用一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)來代替。選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子或?qū)υ挕?.Letters_________(aresent,willbesent)bythepostmanat8everyday.2.Thisbag___________(wasfound,found)onthebusyesterday.3.Thedress_______________(doesn’twash,can’tbewashed)inhotwater.4.Thistower__________________(hasnotbeenrebuilt,hasnotrebuilt)sincethe1930’s.5.Themachine_______________(wasbeingtested,tested)justwhenthemanagercame.

aresent

wasfoundcan’tbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuiltwasbeingtested

6.Thenewplan________________(willannounce,willbeannounced)intwodays.7.Look!Yourcar_____________(isbeinglifted,islifting)offtheground.

8.WhenIstopped,mycar________(hit,washit)frombehind.9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock?—We_____________________(werebeinginterviewed,wereinterviewing)byareporter.willbeannouncedisbeingliftedwashitwerebeinginterviewed用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem__________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

(2023年全國卷I)2.Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.(2023年全國甲卷)3.

Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.

(2023年全國甲卷)tobeliftedbeemployedwasamazedisdesignedwasbuilt

waspainted7.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.(2020年全國卷I)8.Readers______________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

(2020年全國卷II)9.CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanwehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct)”.(2020年新高考全國卷I)arecalledareencouragedisconstructed1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet___________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould_________tothecakemix.(add)2Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.undonewaselected木已成舟。珍妮特上個月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會主席。beadded蛋糕里需要加入兩百克面粉。4A3,000-seatvenue___________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5Workingefficiency__________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage__________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)hasbeenimprovedisallowed自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。經(jīng)濟艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。willbebuilt一個擁有三千座位，供