被動語態(tài)-優(yōu)秀公開課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Heopenedthedoor。他打開了這扇門。(主動語態(tài))Thedoorwasopened。這扇門被打開了。(被動語態(tài))二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例(以動詞do為例)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(am/is/are+done)LotsofpeoplespeakEnglishintheworld.Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的許多人都說英語。一般過去去時(shí)(was/were+done）Theboybrokethecup.Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那個(gè)男打碎了。一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)(will/shallbe+done/wouldbedone)Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一條新馬路。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+done)Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow問題正在被討論。Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天這時(shí)機(jī)器正在被修理?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/hasbeen+done)Ihavereadthebookmanytimes.Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。過去完成時(shí)(hadbeen+done)Theysaidtheyhadinvitedmetotheparty.TheysaidIhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他們說我已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。三、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟:1、(1)將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z(賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?(2)將動詞改為“be+過去分詞“(3)將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by.放在渭語動詞后Theyheldameetingyesterday.Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他們昨天開會了。2.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter2)有些動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday3)當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動.例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette。4)在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí),在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要加to例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞副詞”等,也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例如：ToputoffthemeetingtillFriday.ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)V+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))例如：Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二,如何使用被動語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時(shí),不僅要知道被功語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者(這時(shí)可省by短語)例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhereIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.為了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(1個(gè)主語就夠了)三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或相信的動詞如believe.Considerexpect,report.say,suppose.think等可以用于句型Itbe+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+todosth”,有:Itissaidthat...據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat...,據(jù)報(bào)道,Itisbelievedthat...大家相信,Itishopedthat...大家希望,Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知,Itisthoughtthat...大家認(rèn)為,Itissuggestedthat...據(jù)建議例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義英語中有很多動詞如break,catch,cean,drive,lock,openSell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語的特征時(shí),常用其主動形式表被動意義，主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意:主動語態(tài)表被對強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較:Thedoorwon'tlock.指門本身有毛病Thedoorwon'tbelocked（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖是人的原因”)2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout??這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢?3系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受感官的連系動詞Feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義例如Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.合乎情理的被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)I.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.6.Ithinkthatheisright.7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.二單項(xiàng)選擇I.Goodbooks____againandagain.AshouldbereadBshouldbereadC.mustreadD.oughttoread2.Thechildren_____bythenurse.A.werelookedBlookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked3.He______somepiecesofadvice,buthe_____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten4.When_____theaccident______?A.was,happenB.did,happenCis,happen.D.was,happened5.Thequestion______byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscusscd6.Thelab______aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbillB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt7.Alotoftallbuildings______inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup8.They______printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished9.Rice_____also______intheirhometown.A.Is,grownB.is,grewC.was,grewD.was,grownIO:He____bytheteachers。isalwayspraisedB.praises贊揚(yáng)C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised1I.Greatchanges_____place.Manynewschools______.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened12.Thepicture_____inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit_______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired14.I________thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing15.Thewar(戰(zhàn)爭)________in1941.A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout(爆發(fā))C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour(蒸汽)A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor_______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking18.They_______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork19.Chang’anRoadis________withpeople.A.FilledB.fillC.fullD.fulled20.Man-madesatellites衛(wèi)星_______intospacebymanycountriesAwassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup21.ThisEnglishsong______often______bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung22Thewindowsofourhouse_______onceaweek.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned23.When______thepeople’sRepublicofchina_______?A.was.foundB.was,foundedC.didfoundD.does,found24Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.AwillbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended25Yourexercisebooks______afterclass.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin.26.Sometreesmay_______atothertimesoftheyear.A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted27.Thesun______atnightasusual(像平常).A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn’tsee28.AnewEnglishplay______therenextweek.A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoput