正確練習(xí)揚(yáng)琴的基本規(guī)范

正確練習(xí)揚(yáng)琴的根本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一、關(guān)于揚(yáng)琴的根本常識(shí)One,basicknowledgeaboutthedulcimer 〔一〕主要部件及其作用 (a)themaincomponentsanditsfunction 揚(yáng)琴的外形是一與面板，下與底板、兩端與箱框連結(jié)成為揚(yáng)琴的共鳴箱。每臺(tái)琴都有五六條音梁，每條音梁上的四五個(gè)圓孔為音孔。Yangqinshapeisatrapezoidwooden boxwidth.Thebodyisprovidedwiththesoundbeam;thesoundbeamCeli,andpanel,andthebottomplate,andbothendsofthelowerboxconnectedasresonatordulcimer.Eachorganhasfiveorsixsoundbeams,eachsoundbeamonthefourorfiveholetohole. 〔二〕如何選擇琴與琴竹 (two)howtoselectnewQinandQinBamboo 1.好的揚(yáng)琴的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：1 good dulcimer standard includes the following:高、且無裂紋、無掉漆、無破損。查部件：查看左右兩邊光明、純潔、富有“顆粒感”，中音區(qū)要嚴(yán)峻、圓潤(rùn)；低音“://shuaqibibu/“://shuaqibibu“://jxynj/“://jxynj“://shanguo0538/“://shanguo0538“://tslrl/“://tslrl區(qū)要渾厚、結(jié)實(shí)。 Seeappearance:seethepanelabovethewooddensityisuniform,trendisflat;thebodyisworkingfine.Musicboxshouldbepainteduniform,purecolor,highdegreeoffinish,andnocrack,nopaint,nobreakage.Checktheparts:viewaboutthecoverplateandthebodyonbothsidesofthewhetheranastomosis;hangingstringnailandpegareneatlyarrangedevenly;ball,thebridgecodeiscomplete.Listentothevoice:thetrebleareamustbeclear,bright,pure,rich“grain“,altoareashouldbesoft,mellowbassareatobevigorous,strong. 2.選擇琴竹應(yīng)留意以下幾點(diǎn)：材料：有較大的彈性和韌性，手感要光滑。色澤：顏色要偏粉黃，并富有光澤為佳外形把琴竹仰放在桌面上看看琴竹是否的平展竹頭與竹尾是否在一條直線上。 2choosetheQinBambooshouldpayattentiontothefollowingpoints:Material:greaterelasticityandtoughness,smoothfeelto.Color:colortopartialyellow,andrichluster.Shape:theQinBamboolyingonthetable,havealookwhether QinBambooflatheadandtail,bamboobambooisinastraightline. 二、揚(yáng)琴演奏的根本方法 Twobasicapproaches,dulcimerperformance 〔一〕演奏姿勢(shì) (a)performing“://shuaqibibu/“://shuaqibibu“://jxynj/“://jxynj“://shanguo0538/“://shanguo0538“://tslrl/“://tslrlposture 演奏揚(yáng)琴以坐姿為主演奏時(shí)要放松的坐在琴凳的二分之一或三分之一處，身體應(yīng)距離琴20—25公分左右，兩腿自然的分開與肩同寬左腿稍前一些，右腿稍后一些。大臂自然下垂平穩(wěn)的抬起小臂。全身要自然的放松隨便而舒適上身的前后左右活動(dòng)應(yīng)輕松自如。Playingdulcimerinasittingposition,playtorelaxsittingonthebenchfor1/2or1/3,thebodyshouldbeabout 20 to 25 centimeters from the piano, legsnaturallyshoulderwidthapart,theleftlegslightlyinfront,rightleglater.Armnaturalprolapse,raisedhisarm steady. The body naturally relax, casual andcomfortable,theupperbodyaround,aroundactivitiesshouldberelaxed. 〔二持竹方法 (two)holdthebamboomethod 首先將琴竹全長(zhǎng)的五分之一處放在食指的第一指關(guān)節(jié)要靠在指尖一些再將大指自然的壓在上面，輕捏住竹柄。通過三指將琴竹握穩(wěn)，四、五指自然的彎曲收攏然后檢查整個(gè)手的手形是否自然的收攏，手的各個(gè)指關(guān)節(jié)是否僵硬。 TheQinBamboo1/5full-lengthontheindexfingerofthefirstknuckle,dependoninthefingertips,thenthelargestnaturalpressureonit,gentlypinchbamboohandle.ThethreereferstotheQinBambooholdsteady,four,fivefingers“://shuaqibibu/“://shuaqibibu“://jxynj/“://jxynj“://shanguo0538/“://shanguo0538“://tslrl/“://tslrlnaturallybend,fold.Thencheckthehandwholehandisnaturally folded hands,each finger joints arestiff.〔三〕擊弦的方法與要領(lǐng) (three)andessentialsofstrikingmethod 1.擊弦的動(dòng)作 1strikingaction大臂要自然的下垂，然后將小臂平穩(wěn)的抬起，左右手持琴竹稍呈內(nèi)八字形右手手腕抬起使琴竹的竹頭呈高位欲落擊弦之勢(shì)然后琴竹從高位落下?lián)粝疫@時(shí)要通過臂、腕和指的力氣傳遞到琴竹的竹頭上然后在落下琴竹擊弦的一剎那將手腕和手指相結(jié)合以手腕為主產(chǎn)生的力氣集中有力并富有彈性的擊在琴弦上同時(shí)馬上的放松，并順勢(shì)利用琴竹反彈的力氣回到下一次擊弦的高度進(jìn)展其次次擊弦。Armnaturalprolapse,thenthesmallarmsmoothlift,leftandrighthandQinBambooslightlyinnersplay.Therighthandwristisraised,thebambooheadQinBambooshowedahightendencytofalltheaction.ThentheQinBamboofallsfromthehightimetobeaction,throughthearm,wristandfingerforcetransmissiontothebambooheadQinBamboo,andtheninamomentoffallingQinbamboostring,thewristandfingertowristcombination,mainlyproducethepowerofconcentration,powerful,andflexiblestruckthestrings at the same time, immediately relax, and“://shuaqibibu/“://shuaqibibu“://jxynj/“://jxynj“://shanguo0538/“://shanguo0538“://tslrl/“://tslrlhomeopathicusesbambooreboundforce,backtothenextchordheight,secondchord.2.擊弦的部位 The2partoftheaction 在擊弦的時(shí)候每個(gè)音都應(yīng)當(dāng)是受力平衡集中和均勻的所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用琴竹頭的中部來?yè)粝摇１ж?fù)的擊弦位置是距離左琴碼左右兩側(cè)約為2.5公分處；而中碼右碼低音碼約為2公分處。Intheactionwheneachtoneshouldbebalancedforce,centralizedanduniform,soyoushoulduseQinBambooheadinthemiddleoftheaction.TheidealstringpositionisleftontheleftandrightsidesofQincodedistanceisabout2.5centimeters;whilethecode,therightcode,basscodeisabout2cm. 〔四〕揚(yáng)琴?gòu)椬嘀械钠胶?(four)thedulcimerplayingbalance 1.身體的平衡。在揚(yáng)琴?gòu)椬嗟倪^程當(dāng)中我們常常要持著琴竹彈奏揚(yáng)琴的高音區(qū)或者是低音區(qū)這時(shí)候隨著身體的晃動(dòng)重心也就偏移到了另外的一端此時(shí)為了保證身體的平衡兩腿必需自然的分開且一前一后這時(shí)兩腿的功能就相當(dāng)于身體的一種平衡器。 1thebalanceofthebody.Intheprocessofdulcimerplaying,weoftenhavetoholdtheQinBambooplayingdulcimertrebleorbassregionis,thistimewiththebodyshakingfocushasshiftedtotheotherside.Atthistimeinordertoensurethebalanceofthebody,the“://shuaqibibu/“://shuaqibibu“://jxynj/“://jxynj“://shanguo0538/“://shanguo0538“://tslrl/“://tslrllegsmustbenaturalseparation,andoneaftertheother,thenthelegsofthefunctionalequivalentofabalancer.2.左右手的平衡。無論演奏什么樣的曲目，只要能留意左手和右手的協(xié)調(diào)、放松、和有機(jī)的協(xié)作，再難演奏的曲目也是能迎刃而解的。 The2leftandrighthandbalance.Nomatterwhatkindofmusicplaying,aslongastheattentiontoleftandrighthandcoordination,relax,andorganiccomplexes,againdifficultrepertoireisalsocanbesmoothlydoneoreasilysolved. 三、揚(yáng)琴初學(xué)者應(yīng)練習(xí)的練習(xí)曲 Three,thedulcimerbeginnersshouldpracticeexercises 〔一〕對(duì)于初學(xué)揚(yáng)琴的人而言，首先要留意演奏時(shí)的姿勢(shì)擊弦的動(dòng)作、海吉布和根本的竹法然后通過練習(xí)一些根本的練習(xí)曲和局部的樂曲教材，把握揚(yáng)琴發(fā)音的技術(shù)動(dòng)作和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，從而把握“持竹點(diǎn)、擊弦點(diǎn)、觸槌點(diǎn)、支撐點(diǎn)、發(fā)力點(diǎn)”五個(gè)要點(diǎn)的綜合技能。 (a)forthebeginnerdulcimerpeople,weshouldpaymoreattentiontoplayingposition,actionaction,andthebasicmethodofbamboo.Thenpracticesomebasicexercisesandpartofthemusicteachingmaterials, master dulcimer sounds technicalmovements and specification, and master the “comprehensiveskillswithbamboo,strikingpoint,touch“://shuaqibibu/“://shuaqibibu“://jxynj/“://jxynj“://shanguo0538/“://shanguo0538“://tslrl/“://tslrlthe mallet point, support five points points, powerpoints“. 〔二〕在生疏了根本的音位后，初學(xué)者可以練習(xí)一些簡(jiǎn)潔的小歌曲，如《小星星《我是一只粉刷匠《采茶撲蝶等。(two)inthefamiliarwiththebasicphonemes,beginnerscanpracticesomesimplesongs,suchas:“l(fā)ittlestar“,“Iamapainter“,“tea“andotherbutterfliesflutter. 四、練琴的時(shí)間 Four,practicetime 初學(xué)者每天練琴的時(shí)間多少，取決于自己的精力和體力風(fēng)冷冷卻器練習(xí)的效果和時(shí)間要成正比須知“勤能補(bǔ)拙，熟能生巧“勤”與“熟”是練習(xí)量的增加“補(bǔ)拙”與“生巧”則是質(zhì)的飛躍。 Manybeginnerstopracticeplayingthepianoeverydaytime,dependingontheirenergyandstamina.Theeffectsofpracticeandtimetobeproportionaltothenotes,“Qinnengbuzhuo,skillcomes.“,“increasingtheground“and“cooked“isthepracticeofweight,“fill“and“perfect“isaqualitativeleap. 總而言之對(duì)于初學(xué)揚(yáng)琴的人來說把握正確、扎實(shí)的的根本功以及科學(xué)、有效的練習(xí)方法是至關(guān)重要的遇到一些比較難彈奏的片段就去舍命的狠練手和腕子不舒適了也不愿去休息一下這樣做肌肉會(huì)長(zhǎng)期的處于拉長(zhǎng)的狀態(tài)，漸漸的就會(huì)失去彈性，收縮不了嚴(yán)峻的還會(huì)消滅肌肉酸痛的現(xiàn)象山東鍋爐從而導(dǎo)致不能彈琴的“://shuaqibibu/“://