新視野B4U1教學(xué)講解課件

Loveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyUnit1SectionALoveandlogic:Unit1Section12applythereadingskill–skimming3writeanarrativeessay4practicethetranslationskill–freetranslation5developacriticalviewonlogicandfallaciesusethekeylanguagetotalkaboutlogicofdiscourse1

Objectives2applythereadingskill–ski2SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageAppreciationSummarySectionALoveandlogic:3Warming-upActivitiesTrueorFalseThefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability.Tellwhethertheconclusionsaftertheword“Therefore”aretrue(T),false(F),oruncertain(U).Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement.Warming-upActivitiesTrueo4

1.Alloddnumbersareintegers(整數(shù)).Allevennumbersareintegers.Therefore,alloddnumbersareevennumbers.

2.Therearenodancersthataren’tslimandnosingersthataren’tdancers.Therefore,allsingersareslim.

3.Atoothpick(牙簽)isuseful.Usefulthingsarevaluable.Therefore,atoothpickisvaluable.

4.Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers.Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler.Therefore,pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers.

5.ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChasalowerenrollmentthanClassB.Therefore,ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC.FTTFFWarming-upActivitiesFTTFFWarming-upActivities5

6.Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons.Therearemorelemonsinthebasketthanoranges.Therefore,thebasketcontainsmoreapplesthanoranges.

7.Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus.Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivingacar.Therefore,takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar.

8.AllthetulipsinZoe’sgardenarewhite.AlltherosesinZoe’sgardenareyellow.Therefore,alltheflowersinZoe’sgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow.TUUWarming-upActivitiesTUUWarming-upActivities6Lead-in1.Whyisitimportanttodeveloplogicalreasoningskills?Reasoningskillsdealwiththeprocessofgettingfromaproblemtoasolutionoraconclusion.Byimprovingyourreasoningskills,youcanimproveyoursuccessindoingthings.Specifically,strongreasoningskillscanhelpyouto:improvethequalityandvalidityofyourownarguments;improveyourabilitytoassessthequalityandvalidityofothers’arguments;makemorelogicaldecisions;solveproblemsmoreefficientlyandeffectively.Lead-in1.Whyisitimporta7Lead-in2.Doyouthinkitispossibletodealwithlifeinacompletelyrationalandlogicalway?Whenitcomestomakingachoice,manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning;Malesaremorerationalthanfemales;Rationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone;Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers;Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway.Lead-in2.Doyouthinkiti8SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyTextStudyGlobalUnderstandingDetailedUnderstandingSectionALoveandlogic:9Readthewholepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.TextStudyGlobalunderstandingTask1Globalunderstandingofthestructure1)Whattypeofpassageisit?Narration.2)Whatpartsareincludedinthistypeofpassage?Pleasefindoutthesepartsinthispassage.Apieceofnarrationshouldincludefivebasicelementsofplotstructure:exposition,risingaction,turningpoint,fallingactionandresolution.TextStudyGlobalunderstandingTask1Readthewholepassageandans10新視野B4U1教學(xué)講解課件111.WhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRob?(Para.1)TipsTheymadeadealthatthenarratorgivesRobhisleatherjacket,andRob,inexchange,givesthenarratorhisgirlfriend.Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.DetailedunderstandingofthetextTextStudyDetailedunderstandingTask11.Whatdidthenarratordowi122.WhydoesthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend?(Paras.2-3)TipsPretty,well-off,radiant;Therightbackgroundtobethegirlfriendofadogged,brilliantlawyer;Helpthenarratorinhiscompetitionwithotherapplicantstosomeelitelawfirms.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding2.Whydoesthenarratorwant133.WhenthenarratorandPollyhavetheirfirstdate,thenarratorsaysthatwhathehasgotinmindisalittleeccentric.Why?(Paras.4-5)TipsThenarratorfeelsthiswaybecausehecan’tstopthinkingthathispurposeofdatingPollyisnotforromancebutforimprovingherintelligence,andhecan’tletPollyknowhisplan.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding3.WhenthenarratorandPolly144.WhydoesthenarratordecidetoteachPollylogic?(Para.7)TipsThenarratordecidestoteachPollylogicbecausehebelieveslogicisessentialtoclearthinking.ByteachingPollylogic,hecanmakeherintelligent.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding4.Whydoesthenarratordecid155.WhatisDictoSimpliciter?Giveanexample.(Paras.9-11)TipsAnunqualified,toosimplegeneralization;Oneexample:Exerciseisgood,therefore,everybodyshoulddoexercise.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding5.WhatisDictoSimpliciter?166.WhatisHastyGeneralization?Giveanexample.(Paras.12-15)TipsReachingahastyconclusionwithoutsufficientevidence;Oneexample:Youcan’tspeakFrench.Robcan’tspeakFrench.LookslikenobodyatthisschoolcanspeakFrench.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding6.WhatisHastyGeneralizatio177.WhatisAdMisericordiam?Giveanexample.(Paras.16-21)TipsAppealingtoone’ssympathyinsteadofansweringthequestiondirectly;Oneexample:Amanappliesforajob.Whenthebossaskshimwhathisqualificationsare,hesayshehassixchildrentofeed.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding7.WhatisAdMisericordiam?G188.WhatisFalseAnalogy?Giveanexample.(Paras.22-25)TipsWronginference;makingananalogybetweentwosituationsthatarealtogetherdifferent;Oneexample:Studentsshouldbeallowedtolookattheirtextbooksduringexams,becausesurgeonshaveX-raystoguidethemduringsurgery.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding8.WhatisFalseAnalogy?Give199.IsthenarratorsuccessfulinteachingPollylogic?Howdoyouknow?(26-37)TipsYes.HeisonlytoosuccessfulinteachingPollylogicbecauseintheendwhenheasksPollytobehisgirlfriend,Pollyrefuseshisrequestbyapplyingallthelogicalfallacieshehastaughther.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding9.Isthenarratorsuccessful2010.Whathappenedatlast?(Paras.38-43)TipsPollyrefusedtobethegirlfriendofthenarrator;Fulldisclosure;PollylikedRobinleather;ShetoldRobtomakethepactwiththeauthorsothathecouldhavethejacket.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding10.Whathappenedatlast?(Pa21Theauthorsetsthesceneofthestorybyprovidinginformationaboutthefour“wh-”words:who,where,what,andwhy.“Who”referstothenarrator,hisroommateRob,andthebeautifulgirlPolly.“Where”refersto

.“What”and“why”refertowhattodoandwhytodoit:ThenarratordecidestomakePolly“”becauseasapromisinglybrilliantlawyer,hewantstohaveagirlfriendwhoisnotonlybeautifulbutalsointelligent.PartI—Paras.1–__3acollegecampuswell-spokenTheauthorsetsthesceneoft22ThenarratortriestohelpPollybecomesmarterbygivingherlessonsinlogic.AltogetherhespendsfivenightsteachingPollyfourlogical

,namely,DictoSimpliciter,

,AdMisericordiam,

.PartII—Paras.4-25fallaciesHastyGeneralizationFalseAnalogyThenarratortriestohelpPol23Whenaskedtobethenarrator’sgirlfriend,Pollyrefuteshisargumentswiththeexact

taughtbyhimandrefusesbymaking

thatsheisdatingthenarratorsimplybecauseitisatricksheandRobhavedecidedtoplayonhiminordertogethis

.PartIII—Paras.26-43logicalfallaciesfulldisclosureleatherjacketWhenaskedtobethenarra24LanguageAppreciationTranslation:這四位好友約好每年拍一張合影。reachanagreement約好；達(dá)成協(xié)議Thefourfriendsmadeapacttotakeapicturetogethereachyear.1.makeapact(Para.1)LanguageAppreciationTranslati25LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他將給我們3,000美元以獲得我們的幫助。givingonethingandreceivinganother(esp.ofthesametypeorvalue)inreturn作為（對……的）交換（或替代）Inexchangeforourhelp,he’llgiveus$3,000.2.inexchangefor(Para.1)LanguageAppreciationTranslati26LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他的談判技巧使他贏得了精明商人的名聲。1)abletojudgepeopleandsituationsverywellandmakegooddecisions（人）精明的，機(jī)敏的2)

welljudgedandlikelytoberight（決定和判斷）準(zhǔn)確的，英明的3.shrewd:

a.

(Para.1)Hisskillinnegotiatingearnedhimareputationasashrewdbusinessman.Translation:他繼承了一大筆錢，然后又通過正確的投資使之得到升值。Heinheritedaconsiderablefortuneandthenincreaseditbyshrewdinvestments.LanguageAppreciationTranslati27LanguageAppreciationTranslation:湯姆剛又買了輛新車，他一定很有錢。(infml.)rich,orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell富裕的；有錢的Tomhasjustboughtanothernewcar;hemustbeverywell-off.4.well-off:a.(Para.2)LanguageAppreciationTranslati28LanguageAppreciationTranslation:和大多數(shù)其他精英大學(xué)一樣，斯坦福大學(xué)的學(xué)生群體也越來越多元化。a.oforrelatingtothebestormostskillfulpeopleinagroup精英的；精銳的n.[C]agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills(社會)精英；上層人士5.elite(Para.2)Stanford,likemostothereliteuniversities,hasanincreasinglydiversestudentbody.Translation:就讀斯坦福大學(xué)后，他覺得自己是精英分子中的一員了。AfterheattendedStanfordUniversity,heconsideredhimselftobeoneofelite.LanguageAppreciationTranslati29LanguageAppreciationTranslation:新娘看上去滿面春風(fēng)。1)fullofhappinessandlove,inawaythatshowsinyourfaceandmakesyoulookattractive容光煥發(fā)的；喜悅的2)

verybright燦爛的；明亮的6.radiant:

a.

(Para.2)Thebridelookedradiant.Translation:湛藍(lán)的天空陽光燦爛。Thesunwasradiantinaclearbluesky.LanguageAppreciationTranslati30LanguageAppreciationTranslation:巴黎是法國首都，也是法國最大的城市，坐落于塞納河畔。(be~)inaparticularplace;located位于……；坐落于……ParisisthecapitalandthelargestcityofFrance,situatedontheRiverSeine.7.situated:a.

(Para.4)LanguageAppreciationTranslati31LanguageAppreciationTranslation:夜光中大樓顏色十分明亮，好像在閃爍發(fā)光。1)verybright很明亮的；燦爛的2)

shininginthedark發(fā)光的；夜明的8.luminous:

a.

(Para.4)Intheeveninglightthecolorofthebuildingwassoluminousthatitseemedtoshimmer.Translation:我鬧鐘上的指針是發(fā)光的，在黑暗中我也能看時間。Thehandsonmyalarmclockareluminous,soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.LanguageAppreciationTranslati32LanguageAppreciationTranslation:這些數(shù)據(jù)太模糊、太簡單，所以可能會歪曲國家的總體經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。1)changesth.suchasinformationsothatitisnolongertrueoraccurate歪曲;曲解2)

changethewaysth.looks,sounds,orbehavessothatitbecomesstrangeordifficulttorecognize.使變形；使失真；使反常9.distort:

vt.

(Para.7)Thestatisticsarevagueandoversimplified,andthusmaydistortthestate’soveralleconomicpicture.Translation:他的聲音從喇叭里傳出來好像失真了。Theloudspeakerseemedtodistorthisvoice.LanguageAppreciationTranslati33LanguageAppreciationTranslation:調(diào)查者感到困惑，他們不知道這是一起意外事故，還是自殺，或者謀殺。(usu.passive)beunabletofindananswerorthinkofareplytoaquestionorpeoblem使困惑；難倒Investigatorsarestumped.Theydon'tknowwhetherthiswasanaccident,asuicide,oramurder.10.stump:v.

(Para.11)LanguageAppreciationTranslati34LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他們將選定舉行婚禮的日子。chooseaparticulardayforsth.為……定日期Theywillsetadateforthewedding.11.setadatefor(Para.15)LanguageAppreciationTranslati35LanguageAppreciationTranslation:我們試圖喚起他們的同情，但沒有用。他們?nèi)匀粵]給我們?nèi)魏螏椭?)trytogetsb.todooracceptsth.Bymakingthemthinkitisasensibleorfairthingtodo訴諸；喚起2)haveacharacterthatmakesaparticularpersoninterested;attract吸引；感染12.appealto:(Para.20)We’vetriedtoappealtotheircompassion,butitisjustnotworking.Theystilldidn’tgiveusanyhelp.Translation:雖然沒有退休金，但這份工作仍然吸引了她，因?yàn)橛嗅t(yī)療福利。Thoughtherewasnopension,thejobappealedtoherbecauseitprovidedhealthbenefits.LanguageAppreciationTranslati36LanguageAppreciationTranslation:把汽車和飛機(jī)進(jìn)行類比是很難的。makeacomparisonbetween(sth.andsth.else)在…之間作類比It'sdifficulttomakeananalogybetweencarsandairplanes.13.make/drawananalogybetween(Para.24)LanguageAppreciationTranslati37LanguageAppreciationTranslation:不要企圖把一個和警察激烈作對的人塑造成英雄。changeapersonorthingintosth.else使……變成Don’ttrytomakeaherooutofamanwhoviolentlyconfrontedthepolice.14.makesth.outofsb./sth.(Para.26)LanguageAppreciationTranslati38LanguageAppreciationTranslation:用新方法處理稅收及福利問題的時候已經(jīng)到來。Itistimeforsth.該是……的時候了Thetimehascomeforanewwayofdealingwiththetaxandbenefitissues.15.Thetimehascomeforsth.(Para.26)LanguageAppreciationTranslati39LanguageAppreciationTranslation:太陽能就是把太陽的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為熱與電。theprocessofchangingsth.fromoneform,purpose,orsystemtoanother轉(zhuǎn)變；改造；轉(zhuǎn)換Solarpoweristheconversionofthesun’senergyintoheatandelectricity.16.conversion:n.[C,U]

(Para.26)LanguageAppreciationTranslati40LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他希望有一天能刷新世界紀(jì)錄。beevenbetterorgreaterthansb.orsth.else超過；勝過Hehopesonedaytosurpasstheworldrecord.17.surpass:vt.

(Para.31)LanguageAppreciationTranslati41LanguageAppreciationTranslation:經(jīng)理和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)討論了策略問題。aparticularmethodorplanforachievingsth.方法；策略；手法Themanagerdiscussedtacticswithhisteam.18.tactic:n.[C.usu.pl.]

(Para.33)LanguageAppreciationTranslati42LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他覺察到他們的歡迎有點(diǎn)冷淡。1)(fml.)noticesth.,esp.afterthinkingaboutitcarefullyorstud