29小馬康老師范圍機(jī)經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源from

2011012011012222011021232011022032011022620110312120110313120110320120110326201104092372011042310201105142011052910120110619420110625本820110709520110723201107317201108215201108273201109242011092872011101692011102011201110222011102711102732011111211111213201111201111204201111261111269201112101112113520111218111218Bye2011 201220120108120108201202051202052520120211201202251202255201203181203182012032412032420120414201204281204282012051212051220120520120520201205262012060920120617120120714320120715120120722920120819二級(jí)重點(diǎn)第5套（機(jī)經(jīng)拼盤2，4（機(jī)經(jīng)拼盤20120826320120908220120916520120923201210137201210271210272012102812102820121102121102201211181211181,2,3 1套（ 點(diǎn)第4，5套 寫作20121124121124點(diǎn)第1套2012122121202點(diǎn)第2套201212812120820121222121222Bye 20132013112130112閱讀：拼盤一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第1經(jīng)1套聽力：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第24套口語1：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第13套口語2：拼盤一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第11套口語3：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第13套口語4：拼盤一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第11套口語5：拼盤一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第11套口語6：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第13套2013113閱讀：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第5聽力：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第87套口語1：拼盤一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第11套口語2：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第42套口語3：拼盤一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第11套口語4：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第42套口語5：套題一級(jí)重點(diǎn)第42套2013126閱讀：小范圍第1寫作：小范圍第1（大范圍也全部中標(biāo)201332閱讀：拼盤第1聽力：套題二級(jí)重點(diǎn)第22013332套3套寫作：套題二級(jí)重點(diǎn)第52013316201331720133242013330口語：Task1.Task2013414（小范圍沒中20134202013518Task2013615Task1,Task2013630Task1,Task20137132013714201372020137212013817TASKTASK20138246TASK2TASK3套TASK5組2013825A卷TASK1TASK2TASK3TASK4TASK5TASK6大陸套題口語部分B卷：TASK1TASK2TASK3TASK4TASK5TASK6大陸套題口語部分3組201391TASKTASKTASK201398TASK33-6題和TASK43-6題和（小范圍中唯一一組題目2013914TASK13TASK2條TASK33-6題和TASK43-6題和TASK53-6題和TASK63-6題和2013928TASK1北美大陸套題口語TASK2北美大陸套題口語TASK33-6題和TASK43-6題和TASK53-6題和TASK63-6題和62013929TASK1TASK211420131012TASK1大陸口語套題最最重點(diǎn)第11條類似考題TASK2大陸口語套題最最6TASK33-6題和TASK43-6題和TASK53-6題和TASK63-6題和作Plan46TASK1TASK2重點(diǎn)第1條2420131020TASK 條TASK2 13條TASK TASK TASK TASK 中標(biāo)考前大陸條TASK 中標(biāo)考前大陸條TASK 中標(biāo)考前小范圍TASK 中標(biāo)考前小范圍TASK 中標(biāo)考前小范圍TASK 201310272013112TASK1 2題最最重點(diǎn)TASK2 2題最最重點(diǎn)TASK3 補(bǔ)充口語3-6和綜TASK4 補(bǔ)充口語3-6和綜TASK5 補(bǔ)充口語3-6和綜32013119A（不在小范圍中TASKTASKTASKTASKTASK1套B閱讀8套）TASK8套TASK8套TASK8套5套）5套20131117TASK3 補(bǔ)充口語3-6和綜合寫作第3條類似話題plan1201311232013112420131201點(diǎn)第3套2013120720131215A卷B卷20131221口語2口語320131228Task3131228機(jī)經(jīng)+131228131228Bye 201420140112(15套口語 中口語 未中口語 中口語 中口語 未中口語 中綜合寫 中獨(dú)立寫 中20140222綜合寫 中標(biāo)題獨(dú)立寫作中標(biāo)題庫+APP20140301口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語6 20140302口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語 中標(biāo)小范圍口語6 獨(dú)立寫作中標(biāo)題庫20140315口語 中標(biāo)題20140322A寫作題庫B寫作題庫2014032320140412A卷TASKTASKB卷TASKTASK201404192014042720140511201405172014052420140525621日托?？荚囌f明可以重復(fù)517，524，525的好運(yùn)氣，機(jī)經(jīng)全中。口語部分機(jī)經(jīng)：621如果中標(biāo)，628和629寫作部分機(jī)經(jīng)：621考試后，寫作小范圍會(huì)再次做出調(diào)整，這份機(jī)經(jīng)的寫作內(nèi)容更適用于621考生。同學(xué)還用了同樣的答案，出現(xiàn)了答案雷同的情況。特別是524個(gè)525時(shí)的分?jǐn)?shù)都?jí)旱土?-5分。1、提醒大家最好準(zhǔn)備自己的4-5個(gè)常用段子，不但可以避免答案雷同，還能防止機(jī)經(jīng)不中3、如果回答符合要求，出成績的時(shí)候卻被壓分，并且符合如下復(fù)議建議，大家可以復(fù)（如果復(fù)議后分?jǐn)?shù)有變，則表明復(fù)議成功，復(fù)議款項(xiàng)可全數(shù)退還。E.g.99復(fù)議的單項(xiàng)大于25總分大于110E.g.101復(fù)議解析及流程可以參見小馬過河托福報(bào)名系列視頻之“托?？荚囎⒁馐马?xiàng)之復(fù)議周期一般為2周能得到結(jié)果。功表示原分?jǐn)?shù)評(píng)判失誤，ETS承擔(dān)責(zé)任及費(fèi)用?！獜?fù)議及退費(fèi)等全部流程可以參見小馬過河托福報(bào)名系列視頻之“托?？荚囎⒁馐马?xiàng)之成績復(fù)議”。 E.g.三大類題目：絕對(duì)詞，對(duì)比型，隱藏all，大分類下還有小分 3大類題目*每一類考前練習(xí)2篇=一共練習(xí)6篇文章ios/android都可以掃哦1Whattypeofmusicdoyouenjoymost?Explainwhyyouenjoythistypeofmusic.Includereasonsanddetailsinyouexplanation.是說有些大學(xué)把paperbooks或者magazines給賣掉了，取而代之的是electronicbooks，你覺得可行不可行。Iagreethattheuniversitycansellallthepaperbooksandmagazines,andturnintotheelectronicbooks.First,theelectronicbooksmakeinformationsearchingmucheasier.Becauseifyouwanttofindsomeinformationintheelectronicreadings,youcanjusttypethekeywordsintoit,anditonlytakesonesecondtofindthethingyouneed.Butyoumustreadthebookwordbywordifyouusetheprintedbooks.What’smore,theelectronicbookisfree.Theuniversitydoesn’thavetopaythemoneytobuypaperbooksormagazines.Itwillsavealotofmoneythatuniversitycanuseitinotherpart,suchaseducationsystemandteachingequipment.DescribeasubjectthatyouenjoyPersonallyspeaking,MathisthesubjectIenjoystuding,becauseit’sdifficultbutimportant.It’sdifficultbecausetherearetoomanyformulasIneedtoremember,andformulasvarydependingondifferentsituations,ithasagreaterflexibilityonhowtousethem.Whatismore,mathrequiresstudentstousepowerfullogictofindouttheinterrelationsbetweenproblems.Ontheotherhand,mathisofgreatimportancebecauseitappliesinmanyaspectsofourlife;furthermore,mathisthefoundationformanyothersubjects,likephysics,biologyandchemistry.SothesearethereasonswhyIthinkmathistoughbutimportant.口語第2Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?It'seasiertoteachchildreninprimaryschoolsthanstudentsinuniversities.IncludereasonsanddetailsinyourGovernment該不spendmoneyonencouragingcitizenstoleadahealthyIagreethatgovernmentshouldspendmoneyonencouragingcitizenstoleadahealthyFirst,itisessentialforcitizenstohaveahealthylifestyle,especiallyfortheoldNow,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopleinthesociety.Soitisaproblemforthegovernmenttocarefortheold--‐agepopulation.Butiftheykeepahealthylifestyle,thegovernmentwillsavealoteffortsandalargenumberofmoney.What’smore,ifthecitizenshaveahealthylifestyle,alltheworkswillbedonemoreefficiently.Itshowsthat34%peoplewhohavealowerefficiencyisbecauseoftheirbadSoIagreewithShouldchildrenberequiredtodohouseholdtasksassoonastheyareold口語第3Task3-1paythevolunteerpeopleworkingforplaygivesometrainingforthevolunteerpeopleconversationbetweenamanandafemaleMan(positiveonthisproposal)1:peoplegetpaid,realjob,notneedtodootherjob，willnotbelateordisappearanymore2：moreefficientandbenefitforplayassistantscanbepaidandtrainedMM：BOY（realjob）如果有沖突就只能選擇realjob，現(xiàn)在付錢就可以更好的工作了MM：howaboutthetrainingBoy:play本身也Task3-Modernliteraturepopular，有些大學(xué)就采取了兩個(gè)方法讓更多的同學(xué)enroll。理由一是小教室更方便groupdiscussion理由二是有的同學(xué)晚上有活動(dòng)，還有jobstodoTask3-其次學(xué)校很小，去哪里都可以步行，不行橫穿學(xué)校只要30分鐘，況且公交車只取消幾個(gè)小時(shí)而已，nobigdeal口語第4Task4-behaviorConcerningaboutnegativeconsequence,kidsusuallyfeartodosomethingnew.Themethodtosolvethisproblemisletthemtrynewthingsgradually(sorry,cannotrecallsomedetails)Thespeakergivesaexample:HisfamilymovedtoLosAngeles,someneighborkidsplayedoutside(ridingbicycle),hefoundthathissonwantedtojoinbutalsofeartodoso.Soheaskedhissonifheliketobuysomeicecreamfromthestore,hissonsaid“OK”,thenheaskedhissonsay“hi”whentheyarepassingbytheneighborkids.Hissondidthataccordingtohissuggestion.Onthewayback,herecommendedhissontotalkmorewiththeneighborkidsonthebicycleriding(didnotgetcompletely,sorry).Aftertheyreturnedhome,hissonaskedifhecangoouttoplaywiththeneighborbehaviorexposure大概是心理學(xué)暴露療法的意思步驟1.教孩子接觸那件事Tommy11Tommy不敢和別的孩子玩，可是又想玩（傲有一天tommy看著窗外的孩子很郁悶，于是教授說tommy我們?nèi)ベI雪糕，然后路過那些孩子的時(shí)候打個(gè)招呼說HI，然后去了之后孩子們都很友善；第二次叫tommy贊揚(yáng)別的孩Task4-待證實(shí)：藥物的心理效果。教授舉例說公司有職員感覺工作壓力大然后給他們一種藥,讓他們覺得是種可以提高精力的維生素實(shí)際就是一般的藥片效果是大家的工作量都上升了。Task4-Aggressverecuiting即商家在推廣期間給與顧客一些實(shí)惠，積累顧客，推廣期過后開始收費(fèi)增加收入。lecture舉了一個(gè)gym的例子在說明這種策略的有效性。具體是，gym在推廣期讓消費(fèi)者免gym的customerbasis，是有效的口語第5Task5-FemalestudentgotaSheistakingapotterycourse,gotahomeworktomakesomepotteryandputflowerin,butsheaccidentlydropthepotteryinto3piecesTwosolutionsproposedbygluetogether,butgetsomecrackonstartoveragain,daysmaybesufficient,butshegetanotherfinalexamto原來是在陶藝課做了個(gè)花瓶后天要上交本來做好了可是早上不小心打了碎成三塊男生說wow那可怎么辦glueittogetherasthepeicesarenottiny,butafraidthattheProf.willdiscoverandgetlowmakeanewonebutshehasafinaltestforanothercoursewhichshereallyneedtoTask5-1cutoffthepaper/makeitshorter就能立即出版。但女生覺得每個(gè)部分都很重要，不愿意cut，要弄短就只能Summarize了。方案2summerissuepublish。女生不太愿意，因?yàn)槭罴俅蠹叶挤偶倭?，沒人看得Task5-女學(xué)生她的爸爸媽媽要來學(xué)校，所以要和她住在一起(她租了個(gè)公寓太亂了，沒有時(shí)間收拾，(這個(gè)有個(gè)最奇怪的就是沒有其他人給出建議，是她自己自言自語的，剛剛開始我就說怎么沒有對(duì))，一個(gè)souton是放棄chmsry的groupalkng，回家收拾房間，第二個(gè)是不參加完，跑回去收拾房間?？谡Z第6Task6-seabottomdwellers（居民）feed有兩種：第一種、activemethodseaanemone[???nem??ni]偽裝成植物，寄生在其他動(dòng)物身上，寄主又會(huì)放毒液，這樣seaanemone[???nem??ni]就能捕住食物了。第二種、passivemethodOyster[??ist??]tinymaterial送到嘴Task6-bodyfat40%，飛行途中就靠Task6-幕上會(huì)出現(xiàn)monkey只要吃新鮮多汁的葉子(tenderleaves)就可以補(bǔ)充足夠的水分；另一些monkey是去下雨后積水形成的小池塘里喝水；有一種spidermonkey是尋找cup-shaped綜合寫作綜合寫作1erdstall可能有三種用途:,,但是被lecture反駁。 在冬天erdstall都被淹沒了，而且也沒發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有谷類殘留 3）宗教用途.如果是的話，應(yīng)該所有有共同宗教信仰的村子都有，但是有的村子有，有的村子沒有。2Hasthelargecorporationlostitsattractionto idea。(2)，(3)，大公司最近幾年不提供extrabenefits，比如退休金，更低的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。(1)，自己開公司要面對(duì)的手續(xù)會(huì)更多。 (3)extrabenefits34二：駕駛員在沒有攝像頭的地方可以不安全行駛。三：導(dǎo)致更多的路口交通事故。三：攝像頭引起的事故都是輕微的，并且嚴(yán)重（側(cè)面相撞）事故減少了40％。（我確認(rèn)是5plantwarmlisteningplantwarmclimateisactuallyadisadvantage,becausetheyneededtocool主題：一種動(dòng)物為什么在很久以前身軀龐大閱讀的觀點(diǎn)ThepassagemainlydiscussesthereasonswhyXanimalhadahugebodylongtimeago.However,thelecturercastsdoubtsonthewriter’sviewfromthreedifferentaspects.Firstofall,itissaidinthereadingpassagethattherewasmoreoxygeninthepast.Nonetheless,theprofessorinthelisteningmaterialarguesthattherewasactuallylessoxygenatthattimethanatpresent.Thisisthefirstplacewherethespeakerdisagreeswiththereadingpassage.Second,thewriterpointsoutthattherewerealargenumberofplantsinformertimes.Incontrast,thespeakerrefutesthatthoughthenumberofplantwasincredible,theydonotcontainenoughnutrients.Thisisthesecondplacethatdirectlycontradictswhatthereadingpassageindicates.Finally,thereadingpassagestatesthatwarmclimatewasalsoareasonleadingtothisanimal′shugebody.Onthecontrary,theprofessorinthelisteningmaterialcontendsthatwarmclimateisactuallyadisadvantage,becausetheyneededtocooloff.Thisisthelastpointthatentirelyopposesthewriter’spointofview.（182）6congestionpricingcity中的某個(gè)區(qū)域收費(fèi)，這樣point.improvetime(主要就是說節(jié)省時(shí)間第二個(gè) 可以改善環(huán)境improvethatarea's第三個(gè)point. 收的fee可以用于revenue（這個(gè)單詞沒記住怎么拼大概就）thecity可以再lecture中，professor他認(rèn)為這樣做有些司機(jī)不愿意花錢走這個(gè)區(qū)域就得繞路，更浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。舉了個(gè)例子：送快遞的，他們要省錢，所以送快遞的時(shí)候會(huì)變長。在收費(fèi)區(qū)里面環(huán)境可能會(huì)好點(diǎn)，但是周圍的車相對(duì)就會(huì)增多，noiseandairpollution就會(huì)多。所以不是整個(gè)city都能環(huán)境變好affordsubwaysubway，這一， 可以減少交通量，大家能更快到達(dá)目的地（大家要繞路，不能省時(shí)間二， 對(duì)市區(qū)環(huán)境有好處（會(huì)危害郊區(qū)環(huán)境）三 it'saboutthecities'congestionpricingpolicy,thereadingisinthepositiveattitude:1.time2.goodfortheenvironment3.considerablerevenue.While,thespeakerrefutesthethreepointsonebyone.英文版：It’saboutthecitiescongestionpricingpolicythereadingisinthepositivetimegoodfortheconsiderableWhile,thespeakerrefutesthethreepointsoneby7TopicGreat的三個(gè)作用。是儲(chǔ)存糧食,cattle。ForstoringgrainandgoldminingThereisalargequantityofmineralsbeneaththeGreatgrainstorage,thankstocarbonradiationdetecting(好像是這個(gè))它底下是有礦什么的,但是那些人并不知道;(綜合寫作第二點(diǎn)反駁好像有說挖礦手藝在這塔之后才出現(xiàn)所以時(shí)間上不對(duì))Althoughtherearemineralsunderneaththestructure,peoplebackthendidnotknowit;plus,peoplemasteredtheminingtechnologyonlyaftertheGreatXXXwasconstructed.tower,designangledistance,但是這個(gè)經(jīng)過勘察,它不符合他們天文塔的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Towersforobservingstarsrequirespecificanglesanddistance,however,thisGreatXXXdoesnotmeetsuchrequirements.獨(dú)立寫作獨(dú)立寫作1Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Teachingisharderthanitwasinthe思路1思路2：不同意Youngpeopletodayarelessdependentontheirparentsthaninthepast.Teachershadagreaterinfluenceonyoungpeopleinthepastthantheydotoday.Youngpeopletodaydonotrespecttheirteachersasmuchastheydidinthe2Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Aneffectiveleaderwillmakeothersfeelliketheyareapartofmakingdecisions.對(duì)于整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來說，集思廣益可以將有效的解決很多問題，將面臨的危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)降到最低。Whyaresomepeoplethrivingintheirworkplacewhileothersstruggletopromoteefficiency?Whatisthedifferencebetweenagoodleaderandatrulyeffectiveleader?Theanswerstothesequestionscanonlybefoundwhenlookingatwhataleaderhas:agoodrelationshipwithhisgroupmates.Therefore,inmyperspective,Ithinkthatitiswhatleadersdotomakehiscolleaguesfeelaswholetherebymakingagroupworkefficiently.Tobeginwith,senseofbelongingpromotestheharmonyinsideateam.Whenitcomestomakingdecisions,anexcellentleadermaylethiscoworkerstovotefortheirviews,whichindicatesthatheorsheisopentoanysuggestionsandispleasedtoseenewideasraisedfromthegroup.Inthiscase,theothercolleaguesmaybeinspiredtoparticipateindecisionsmakingbecausetheycanfeeltheyarerespectedandtheiropinionsareaccepted,thusformawarmandsatisfyingatmosphereamongtheworkunit.Moreover,consentioninagroupisintendedtoboostproductivity.Ifmembersareinvolvedinadecision,theyaremorelikelytoworkharderbecausethetasktheyareengaginginiswhattheyareyearningfor,sotheefficiencycanbeenhanced.TakemyfriendSamasanexample.SamisaPD.HcandidateintheNorthwesternUniversityinAmerica,andhewasappointedtobetheleaderofacontroversialprogram.AtthebeggingtherewasargumentandoppositionsonSam’ssuggestionstoaccomplishthejobandnothingwasdoneinaweek.However,inthesecondweek,Samopenchoicemakingtohisworkmatesandsurprisinglytheyefficientlyworkedoutaplanandbegantotakeinactionafter3days.SamlaterassumethattheaccomplishmentwasduetotheagreementamongthewholegroupwhichwasincurbyhisactionofallowingthemtakeplaceinUndeniably,lettingotherstogethertosettletheproblemdownhasmanyadvantages.However,itisnottheonlywaytomoldanefficientleader.Forexample,leadersalsocherishhavingtheabilityoforganizing.Thosewell-organizedleadersareabletomakescheduleandoperatetheteamInconclusion,itispromotinggroupmembersactinmakingdecisionsthatmakeanefficientleader.Onlyviaofferingothersasenseofbelongingcanagroupaugmentproductivity.Onlyviareachingagreementcanagroupworkefficiently.Otherwise,everymayjustkeepundone.1、Competitionbetweenfriendsalwayshasanegativeeffectontheir2、Inordertosucceedyoushouldbemorelikeothersthanbedifferentfromeveryone3、Inordertosucceedindoinganewjobtheabilitytoadaptoneselftothenewenvironmentismoreimportantthantheexcellentknowledgeofthisjob.3Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Patienceisusuallynotagoodstrategy.Weshouldtakeactionnowratherthanlater.但是在做重要決定時(shí)，我們需要耐心，慎重考慮參考答案Whenitcomestothecontroversialissueofbeingpatientortakingactionsatonce,eachindividualtendstoholdvariousperspectives.Takingallthecircumstancesintoconsideration,Ichoosetodisagreewiththestatementthatpatienceisusuallynotagoodthingandweneedtotakeanactionatoncebecause Ibelieveitistherightwaytodealwitheverythingtotakeactionsimmediatelywhenfacedwithemergenciesandthinktwicebeforewemakesignificantdecisions.Whenwetakeemergenciesintoconsideration,peoplealwaystakeactionrightawaywithoutanyhesitation,whichcouldcomefromtheirinstincts.Inchina,therearesomanywarm-heartedreportsonthedailynews.Lastweek,myneighboruncleLiu,whosuffersinbornmentaldisorder,waslost.Hisfamilieswereworriedthat hewouldmeetanyaccidentsorbeabductedbystrangers.Intheevening,afriendlypublicbusdrivertookhimhomeandtoldusthatuncleLiwaswalkingontheroadwithoutanysafeprecautionsandforgothowtogetbackhome.AndthedriverwatchedTVnewsandaidedhimtoreturn.Aftertheinterview,thekinddriverjustsaidthatitwashispleasureandobligationtodoanddidn'tthinkaboutanyrewardsbeforetakingaction.Hence,todealwithsuchkindsofemergencies,itisbettertotakeactionswithoutanyhesitance.However,whenfacedwithacrucialoptioninsteadofanemergency,patienceshouldcomethefirstplace.Forexample,threeyearsago,thetimeIwouldchoosetheuniversity,ittookmyfamiliesandIoneweektodetermineamongthreeuniversities.Afterconsideringforalongtime, Hunanuniversityismyfinaldecision.Andthinkingaboutthepast,thecollegemustbemybestchoiceIhavevermadeanditffesmemuchsurprisingIcnignighschool.Withouttheserious-mindedconsideration.theoutcomewouldbetheopposite.Hence,whenpeoplearefacedwithasignificantevent,ponderingtheprobableresultsandanalyzingthefactorscannotbeignoredInsumup,toadapttotherapidspeedofthemodernizationinChina,keepingthebalancebetweenthepatienceandrapidnessisvital.itistherightwaytodealwitheverythingtotakeactionsimmediatelywhenfacedwithemergenciesandthinktwicebeforewemakesignificantdecisions.4Isthereagoodreasontobeimpolite(rude)toanother5Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecaremoreaboutpublicrecognitionthanaboutmoney.Evenifnomoremoneyisgiven,publicrecognitioncanstillmakepeopleworkharder.6Thecarhashadagreatereffectonsocietythanthe汽車比飛機(jī)對(duì)社會(huì)的影響范圍更廣，程度更深。獨(dú)立寫作的范文：Althoughtheinventionoftheairplanedidrevolutionizetheworld'slong-distancetravelling,whathasreallychangedthewaypeoplelivewouldbethecar.Intermsoftheimpactonsociety,theautomobilewouldnotbereplacedbytheairplane,asifthehorsehavingbeenreplacedbytheautomobile.Toexplaintheimportanceofthemotorizedvehiclesongroundtransportationoverthatoftheflyingvehicles,onehasonlytodecidewhichonewouldbemoredifficulttodoTheairplanebecamethesymbolofthetwentiethcentury,asdidtheautomobileinthenineteenthcentury.Theflyingvehicleisshrinkingtheplanettothepointthatapersoncanflyanywhereintheworldinamatterofhours.Notonlyhavemodernjetplanesmadetravelfastandsafe,butalsotheyhaveprovidedmanyotherservicesthatcouldbeofhelptosociety.Thebenefitsrangefromcropdustingtofightingforestfirestoovernightdeliveryofpackagesandmerchandisetochasinghurricanes.Also,theimpactoftheaviationtechnologyhasredefinedthewarfare,turningbattleintoalong-rangeaffairfoughtatarm'slength.Inviewoftheseadvantages,itseemshardtodowithoutthe可出分付款，需要的聯(lián)系Nevertheless,itseemsevenhardertodowithouttheautomobile.Tobeginwith,mathematicsmatters.Thenumberofmotorizedvehiclesfarexceedsthatofflyingvehiclesbyhundredsofmillions,whichmayservetoexplaintheover-ridingeffectsofenginecartsonwheelovertheroutinelivesofthemostpeople.Oncetheautomobilebecameapracticalandreliablesourceoftransportationinthepastcentury,itchangedalmosteverythingworld-wide.Thehorseandcartbegantodisappeargraduallywhil