2023-2024學(xué)年度外研版選擇性必修三Unit5 Learning from nature課時(shí)作業(yè)

2023-2024學(xué)年度外研版選擇性必修三Unit5Learningfromnature課時(shí)作業(yè)課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)主題閱讀集群訓(xùn)練(限時(shí)40分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2023·合肥模擬)Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldofleafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmore－developedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica'songoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades—willcostitatleastaquarterofitscornharvestthisyear.BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotakequalitiesfromrarewildplantsthatareadaptedtoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.“ThetypeoffarmingIamaimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit'sgoingtogetdrieranddrier，”Farrantsays.Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplantsandafewfierceplantsarehighlyadaptabletotheever－changingconditions.Farrantcallsoneofthemresurrectionplants(復(fù)蘇植物).Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun,theyfadeandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgreenleavesbutrainfallcanrevivetheminthematterofhours.Thatistosay,whentheydetectandextenddryperiod,theyproducesugarsandcertainstress－associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuestoenteraglass－likestatethatis“themoststablestatethataplantcanmaintain”．Lastyear,afterChineseteampublishedadraftgenome(基因組)ofrockviolet,oneofthebeststudiedresurrectionplants,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedstudyofanothercandidate.Oneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas—sofarmostlydoneinthelab—ontestplots.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹為了應(yīng)對極端干旱氣候?qū)σ恍┑貐^(qū)農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)生的影響，科學(xué)家正在努力尋找方法，從已經(jīng)適應(yīng)極端干旱氣候的稀有野生植物中提取特殊品質(zhì)，并將其用于糧食作物。但目前該研究還在實(shí)驗(yàn)階段。1．WhichcanberesponsibleforthereductionincorncropinSouthAfrica?A．Facingunpredictablerain.B．Lackingadvancedirrigation.C．Thefoodsecurity.D．Theongoingdrought.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，持續(xù)的干旱是南非玉米減產(chǎn)的原因。2．WhydoesJillFarrantconducttherelevantstudy?A．Tomaintainthemoststablestateoftoughplants.B．Togrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.C．Toapplythespecialqualityofwildplantstohumanfarming.D．Tosurviveextremedryweatherandever－changingconditions.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Sheishardatwork...Farrantsays.”可知，法蘭特的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了將野生植物的特殊品質(zhì)應(yīng)用于人類農(nóng)業(yè)。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contract”inParagraph3referto?A．Shrink. B．Die.C．Withdraw. D．Rest.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知，缺水以及強(qiáng)烈的陽光會讓它看起來像一堆死了的葉子，由此可知，它褪色變小了。故畫線詞意為“收縮，變小”，與shrink同義。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theresearchisstillontrial.B．Chineseteamworkedharder.C．Oneofthecandidateshasbeenputintouse.D．Theresultscontributetoresurrectionplants.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，該研究還在實(shí)驗(yàn)階段。BTheAliceFergusonFoundationisanon－profitgroupthatworkstoimprovetheenvironmentbybuildingrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandnature.Itteachespeoplewaystoprotecttheenvironment.Attheendoftheyear,itdesignseventstohelpchildrencelebrateChristmaswithoutincreasingtheamountofwastetheycreate.HannaSeligmannworksforthefoundation.VOAjoinedSeligmannrecentlyduringoneofhertalks.“Solet'sfigureoutwhatisinourbagoftrash.”Sheshowsadultsandchildrenhowtoreducewasteduringtheholidaygift－givingseason.“Youcansortitasacardboarditemoryoucansortitasaplasticitem，”Seligmannworkswithvolunteers.“Weencourageusingthingsthatarealreadyinyourhouselikenewspapers,oldmagazines,usingagiftwithinagift.Youcanwrapsomethinginareusablenapkin,wrapsomethinginascarf,orashawl(圍巾)orevenareusabletototebag(大手提袋)．”LoriArguellesistheexecutivedirectorforenvironmentaleducationattheAliceFergusonFoundation.“Overtimewerealizedthatreallyjustdoingtrashclean－upswasthesymptomoftheproblem,notgettingtotherootcause.Anditwasjustalittleoveradecadeagothatwestartedtheinitiativeitself.”O(jiān)neactivityiscalledtheTrashTimelineGame.Itteacheschildrenthatthethingstheythrowawaydonotdecomposeatthesamerate.Forexamplepaperdissolvesinaboutfourweeks.Anapplecoretakestwomonths.Ametalcantakeupto100years.Aplasticbagwillnotdecomposefor450years.Glasstakes1,000years.And,theysay,styrofoam(泡沫聚苯乙烯)neverdissolves.Youngpeopletakingpartintheprogramlearnthatreducingwasteisimportantnotjustduringtheholidays,buteverydayoftheyear.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了TheAliceFergusonFoundation是一個(gè)致力于讓公民參與環(huán)保的非營利組織，以及這個(gè)組織旨在引導(dǎo)人們在環(huán)保方面做出措施與行動。5．WhyistheAliceFergusonFoundationcreated?A．TohelpchildrencelebrateChristmas.B．Toreducetheamountofwaste.C．Tomaketheenvironmentbetter.D．Tobuildrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandnature.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，TheAliceFergusonFoundation是一個(gè)致力于讓公民參與環(huán)保的非營利組織，目的是讓環(huán)境更好。6．WhatsuggestiondoesSeligmanngiveonwrappinggifts?A．Itisbettertousecardboarditemstowrapgifts.B．Itisbettertowrapgiftsinsomethingscapableofbeingusedagain.C．Itisbetternottowrapgiftsinplasticitems.D．Itisbetternottowrapgiftsatall.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，Seligmann鼓勵(lì)人們用可再次利用的東西來包裝禮物。7．WhatcanweinferfromLoriArguelles'swords?A．Doingtrashclean－upsmeansalottoprotectingtheenvironment.B．Westillneedtomakegreateffortsonthewaytoprotectingtheenvironment.C．Overadecadeoureffortstoprotecttheenvironmentprovedfruitless.D．Overtimewefoundtherootcauseofprotectingtheenvironment.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中LoriArguelles說的話可知，要保護(hù)環(huán)境還需要付出更大的努力。8．What'sthemeaningof“decompose”underlinedinParagraph4?A．Breakdown. B．Breakout.C．Storeup. D．Storeaway.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句并結(jié)合下文列舉的例子可知，上文陳述的是關(guān)于物品分解速度的問題，故此處decompose意為“分解”，與breakdown同義。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五WaystoGetYourKidsintoNatureBeinginnatureforkidshastremendoushealthbenefits.Therearemanywaysyoucanincorporatenatureintoyourchildren'slives,evenifyouliveinthecity.Inspirecuriositybybeingcuriousyourself.Aparent'sexcitementcanbespreadtothechildren,andwhenyoushowrespectfornature,yourchildrenfollowsuit.__9__.“Idon'tknow!Let'sfindouttogether.”isawonderfulwaytogettheballrolling.Beopentoamutualadventureandallowyourcuriousinnerchildtocomeoutwhileyouexplorenaturewithyourchildren.__10__.Ifyouhavetocarpool(拼車)inthemorning,turnoffthedevicesinsteadandencourageyourchildrentolookoutofthewindow.Theearlymorningfallskiesarebeautifulwithcolorandmigratingbirds.Afterall,evenviewsofnaturefromthecarwindowarecalmingandbeneficial.Stopthinkingaboutnaturetimeasleisuretime.Timeinnatureisanessentialinvestmentinyourchildren'shealthandwell－being.Ifyouviewnaturetimeasessentialtogoodhealth,youwillbemorelikelytoengageinit.__11__，nurturingcreativityandwonderispartofyourresponsibilityasparents.Lookatthestars.Visityourlocalobservatory,andthendriveoutofthecitysomemorningoreveningforyourownstargazing(天體觀察)withablanketandtelescope.Observingthestarsoffersadeeperandwiderunderstandingoftheuniverse.__12__.Plantasmallgarden.__13__.Beanandpeaplantsgrowquicklyandcanbeeatenwhenmature,soteachyourchildrenaboutfoodandthewonderofgrowth.A．LimitelectronicdeviceswhiledrivingB．Encouragequestionsyoudon'tknowtheanswerstoC．Ifyouwanttoraiseyourhealthy,well－balancedchildrenD．Ifyouhavethespace,helpyourchildrenplantafewvegetablesE．Itwillteachteamwork,prideinthecommunity,andfamilytogethernessF．Ifyourchildisinterested,encouragehimtogetinvolvedinthecommunityG．Allowyourselftothinkaboutit,andtalktoyourchildrenaboutthatwonder語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了讓孩子融入自然的一些方法。9．選B根據(jù)空后一句以及上文中的“Inspirecuriosity”可推知，此處表示鼓勵(lì)孩子和你一起探索你自己也不知道答案的問題，從而引起孩子的好奇心，故B項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。10．選A根據(jù)空后一句可推知，開車時(shí)關(guān)掉電子設(shè)備，多看看窗外也是一種與自然接觸的方式，故A項(xiàng)銜接下文，符合語境。11．選C根據(jù)上文的“Timeinnature...andwell－being.”和空后的“nurturingcreativity...asparents”可推知，如果想要培養(yǎng)出健康、明智的孩子，培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造性和好奇心也是作為父母的責(zé)任，故C項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。12．選G根據(jù)空前一句可推知，觀察星空能夠加深對自然界的理解。G項(xiàng)中的it指代空前一句中的“theuniverse”，故G項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語境。13．選D空處承接空前一句，并與空后一句呼應(yīng)，此處作者建議父母開辟一個(gè)小菜園，幫孩子種點(diǎn)蔬菜，一起見證它們生長的奇跡，故D項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空FromthemomentmyhusbandbroughthomeaboxofsixchicksfromTractorSupplyCompanyatthestartofthepandemic,ournine－year－old,Sophie,hasn'tletthemoutofhersight.She__14__themTrixie,Bearty,SweetPea,Speedie,CaptainFlint,andAdrian(wewerereadingTreasureIslandandwatchingRockyatthetime)andwasvery__15__whenwewouldn'tletthemsleepinherbed.Sophietakesatleastonechickeneverywhereweletherandhasdone__16__thingswithherchicks.Onehotday,shewantedtotakeCaptainFlinttotheriver.Iwasn'tso__17__aboutit:Couldchickensswim?Sophie__18__astickonherswimmingringforCaptainFlinttostandon,andthetwofloateddownthecreek.Naturally,Sophie__19__asachickenforHalloweenandconvincedusTrixiehadtocome.The__20__fromneighborswerefunny.“Wait,isthatarealchickenyou'reholding？”Trixiecooedthewholetime.Thechickensareteachingusaboutloveaswellaslossandgrief.__21__，CaptainFlintfacedanuntimelydeathafterahawkattack.Wehadachicken__22__，saidafewwordsaboutwhatagoodchickenshewas,andthankedherforthejoyshebroughttoourlives__23__weburiedher.Thechickensweren't__24__inthehouseuntilonemorningafteronlineschoolwhenSophietoldme,“There'snothingtofeel__25__about.”Sincethen,we'veallowedoneinsideatatimeifSophieimmediately__26__afterthevisit.Thechickensbrought__27__backtoourlives.Inafewshortmonths,theyhavetaughtusto__28__situationswecan'tchangeandfindjoywherewecan.Iamsograteful.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一家和六只小雞之間的故事，這些小雞給作者一家?guī)砹藲g樂。14．A.gave B．toldC．named D．showed解析：選C根據(jù)后文“Trixie,Bearty,SweetPea,Speedie,CaptainFlint,andAdrian”可知，此處是指蘇菲給這些小雞起名。故選C。15．A.guilty B．upsetC．delighted ．embarrassed解析：選B根據(jù)上文“hasn'tletthemoutofhersight”可知，此處是指如果作者不讓小雞們在她的床上蘇菲會很失落。故選B。16．A.reasonable B．incredibleC．stupid D．common解析：選B根據(jù)后文“shewantedtotakeCaptainFlinttotheriver”可推測，蘇菲對自己的小雞做了很多不可思議的事情。故選B。17．A.sure B．gladC．curious D．a(chǎn)nxious解析：選A根據(jù)后文“Couldchickensswim？”可知，作者也不確定雞會不會游泳。故選A。18．A.threw B．wavedC．carried D．balanced解析：選D根據(jù)后文“astickonherswimmingring”可知，蘇菲在游泳圈上平衡了一根棍子。故選D。19．A.behaved B．functionedC．served D．dressed解析：選D根據(jù)后文“asachickenforHalloween”可知，此處指打扮成一只雞來過萬圣節(jié)。故選D。20．A.praises B．experiencesC．reactions D．stories解析：選C根據(jù)后文“fromneighborswerefunny.‘Wait,isthatarealchickenyou'reholding？’”可知，此處指鄰居對此的反應(yīng)。故選C。21．A.Sadly B．LuckilyC．Clearly D．Frankly解析：選A根據(jù)后文“CaptainFlintfacedanuntimelydeathafterahawkattack”可知，CaptainFlint死去了，這是不幸的事情。故選A。22．A.celebration B．funeralC．collection D．party解析：選B根據(jù)后文“weburiedher”可知，此處指給雞舉行了葬禮。故選B。23．A.unless B．becauseC．before D．a(chǎn)fter解析：選C表達(dá)對雞的感謝發(fā)生在埋葬雞之前，應(yīng)用before。故選C。24．A.cooked B．a(chǎn)llowedC．stroked D．chased解析：選B根據(jù)后文“we'veallowedoneinsideatatime”可知，一開始不允許雞進(jìn)屋里。故選B。25．A.disappointed B．certainC．confused D．happy解析：選D根據(jù)后文作者允許雞進(jìn)屋可推測，蘇菲說自己不開心。故選D。26．A.comesback B．cleansupC．goesaway D．givesin解析：選B根據(jù)后文“afterthevisit”可知，此處指在雞來過之后，立即清理好屋子。故選B。27．A.fear B．prideC．joy D．pain解析：選C此處呼應(yīng)后文“andfindjoywherewecan”，指雞帶來了快樂。故選C。28．A.accept B．controlC．shape D．maintain解析：選A根據(jù)后文“situationswecan'tchange”可知，接受無法改變的處境，應(yīng)用accept。故選A。課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)主題表達(dá)升格訓(xùn)練(限時(shí)40分鐘)Ⅰ.根據(jù)要求完成下列句子1．(完成句子)Thestudentstooknotesas_they_listened(他們一邊聽)．2．(完成句子)Sowe'dliketoinviteyoutojoinusandwedobelievethatthere_is_no_one_more_suitable_than_you(沒有人比你更適合)forthiscompetition.3．(完成句子)Theserveris_designed_to(被設(shè)計(jì))storehugeamountsofdata.4．(完成句子)Itake_it_for_granted_that(想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為)parentsshoulddoeverythingforus，whichactuallyiswrong.5．(完成句子)LastSunday，ourschoolheldafive－kilometercross－countryrunningrace,in_which_all_students_in_Senior_3_took_part(高三全體學(xué)生都參加了)．6．(完成句子)When_running_all_the_way_to_the_foot_of_the_mountain(一路跑到山腳下時(shí)),somestudentsfellbehind.7．(同義轉(zhuǎn)換)LangPingdidn'trespondtothequestionthatreporterasked.→LangPingmade_no_response_tothequestionthatreporterasked.8．Becausehewasbusywithaveryimportantexperiment,hewouldnotattendtheparty.→Becausehewas_employed_in_doingaveryimportantexperiment,hewouldnotattendtheparty.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)→Employed_in_doingaveryimportantexperiment,hewouldnotattendtheparty.(分詞短語作狀語)9．Travelingcanbroadenyourmind，butit'snotagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeandmoneyonit.(用while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句改寫)→While_traveling_can_broaden_your_mind,_it'snotagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeandmoneyonit.10．(一句多譯)由于種種原因，湯姆辭去了委員會的職務(wù)。①Forvariousreasons,Tomresigned_fromthecommittee.②Forvariousreasons,Tomresigned_asamemberofthecommittee.Ⅱ.語法填空Nomatterwhetherwe'rewriting,cookingorbuilding,thefirstthing__1__appearsinourmindis:Whatcanweaddtomakeitbetter?Whydowethinkthisway?Researchers__2__(publish)apaperaboutthehumantendencytomakechangesthroughadditioninthelastjournalNature.TheresearchteamdesignedaLegoexperimentinwhich__3__smallplasticfigurestandsunderaroofsupportedbyasinglepillar(柱子)inonecorner.Howwouldyouchangethestructure__4__(place)abrickontheroofwithoutcausingtherooftocollapseontheplasticfigure?EachadditionalLegoblockwouldcost10cents.Theteamfoundthatthemajorityofparticipantschosetostabilizetheroof__5__addingblockstopreventtherooffromcollapsing.Butinfact,thereisa__6____(simple)way—getridoftheoriginalpillarandfixtheroof__7__(direct)tothebase.“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,__8__subtractive(減法的)ideasrequiremorecognitive(認(rèn)知的)effort，”co－authorofthepaperBenjaminConversetoldScienceDaily.“Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastandworkingwiththefirst__9__(idea)thatcometomind,theyendup__10__(accept)additivesolutionswithoutconsideringsubtractionatall.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類傾向于通過添加來做出改變而考慮使用減法。1．that考查定語從句。定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞thing被序數(shù)詞thefirst修飾，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that。2．published考查一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)“inthelastjournalNature”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填published。3．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。此處第一次提到plasticfigure，所以表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且sm