高考英語二輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練學(xué)案：定語從句（含答案）

高考二輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練---定語從句一、基本概念1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2.被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3.引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，它代替前面的先行詞，且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。它包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.該句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定語從句，修飾先行詞theman,“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞theman,在定語從句中作主語。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)先行詞（名詞、代詞）+（關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）+陳述句語序。Thereason(that)hegaveforbeinglatewasjustanexcuse.三、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞（that/who/whom/whose/which/as）代替先行詞在定語從句中做主語、賓語、表語、定語。關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）代替先行詞在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語，在有些情況下可分解成：介詞+which。I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespentintheremotevillage.I’llneverforgetthedayswhen/duringwhichwestayedintheremotevillage.考點(diǎn)歸納一、只能用that不能用which的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是“人+物”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。2.先行詞是不定代詞（all/everything/something/anything/little/much/theone等）時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用that。3.先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞或限定詞theonly/thevery/all/every/any/few/no等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，如果先行詞指人也可以用who。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.二、不能用that的情況1.that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。2.介詞后不用that（介詞后指人用whom，指物用which）。Spam（垃圾郵件）,whichoncemeantanot-so-goodkindofcannedmeat,nowstandsforunwantedjunkemail.Spam曾經(jīng)用來指不好的罐裝肉，現(xiàn)在代表不想要的垃圾郵件。Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.三、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose可以指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，后跟名詞。whose+名詞=名詞+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+名詞Lookout!Don’tgetclosetothehousewhoseroofisbeingrepaired.TheteacherhadacarefultalkwithTom,themajorproblemofwhomispoorstudyhabits.四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中介詞的選擇。在確定其中的介詞時(shí)，可從以下三方面入手：1.句子的意思；2.先行詞的意義；3.從句中的動(dòng)詞固定搭配。Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentontoCambridge.Thisisthefarmonwhichheworkedtwoyearsago.Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.五、一些特殊的先行詞當(dāng)situation,point,case,activity,scene,atmosphere,condition,stage及period,festival,occasion等作先行詞時(shí)，要注意具體情況具體分析：先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語和表語時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)從句；先行詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where/when或“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)從句，表示在某種特定的情形下。IhadreachedapointinmycareerwhereIneededtodecidewhichwaytogo.Whataresomesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?六、as的用法1.用在固定搭配thesame…as；as...as；such…as；so...as中。ThisisthesamebagasIlostlastweek.ThisissuchadifficultproblemasIcan’tworkout.2.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，意思為“正如”常見習(xí)慣用語有：asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 asisoftenthecase通常情況是這樣asismentionedabove正如上面提到的 asisknown/asweknow眾所周知Asismentionedabove,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing.AsIhavepointedout,itisimportanttoincludevegetablesinourdiet.七、注意way（方式）后接定語從句時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞先行詞是way，當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用inwhich,that或者省略；當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which引導(dǎo)（作賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也可以省略）。比較：Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(把從句補(bǔ)充完整：heexplainedthewaytous，可以看出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作explained的賓語。)Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencewassimple.(把從句補(bǔ)充完整：heexplainedthesentenceintheway，可以看出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語。)八、that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別在定語從句中，定語從句對先行詞起修飾作用，引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作主語或賓語；在同位語從句中,同位語從句對同位名詞內(nèi)容起解釋說明作用，引導(dǎo)詞that不作任何成份。Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.（同位語從句）Theideathatheputforwardsurprisesmanypeople.（定語從句）九、定語從句中的主謂一致1.關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致，先行詞是句子時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2.“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)代詞前有the,theonly,thevery等修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。TitanicistheonlyofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、填空：在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_________hasbeenproved.2.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_________theweathermaybebetter.3.Ilivenextdoortoacouple_________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.4.Manyyoungpeople,mostof_________werewell-educated,_________(head)forremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.5.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,_________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.6.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,_________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.7.Thenumberofsmokers,_________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.8.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.9.Pleasesendusalltheinformation_________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.10.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.11.Idon’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,_________Iwentuptorescueakitethat_________(stick)inthebranchesofatree.12.Hewrotealetter_________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.13.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,_________whichIwasverygrateful.14.Oneconcernrelatestoalackofcontrolover_________appearsontheInternet.15.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(退黑激素),_________hasbeenproventohelppeoplefeel_________(sleep)andreduce_________(anxious)二、改錯(cuò)：每句錯(cuò)誤最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除和修改。1.Englishisalanguagesharingbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofthemusesitdifferently.2.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.3.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especialatworkwhichagoodimpressionisamust.4.Acompanywhichprofitsfromhomemarketsisdecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.5.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwherewascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.6.Therearethreestageinstudy-preview,studyinclassandreview,amongthemreviewisthemostimportant.7.Itisnotonlyacitywiththelonghistorybutalsohasmanyplacesofinterest,whichyoucanenjoyyourself.8.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,itmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscametrue.9.Wewokeupearlyandthenwalkedonthecountryroad,whatwasextremelyquiet.10.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhichheshouldbeabletobeindependence.三、翻譯。（用定語從句翻譯下列各句）1.他把成功歸功于那些經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富而又貼心的老師，從他們身上他不僅學(xué)到了知識，還學(xué)到了做一個(gè)優(yōu)秀人才的藝術(shù)。2.接觸不同文化真的是很好的經(jīng)歷。它一定會(huì)拓寬我們的視野甚至使我們未來的發(fā)展受益匪淺。3.這是一個(gè)很有用的網(wǎng)站，提供許多網(wǎng)上課程。4.在那個(gè)重大日子，二十個(gè)選自全國各地的優(yōu)秀高中生將在體育館就所給話題進(jìn)行演講。5.我校將舉行一個(gè)中學(xué)生攝影展，主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。6.最后，使用移動(dòng)設(shè)備會(huì)減少紙的使用，這對環(huán)境有好處。7.最后，我要表示對主辦方的真誠感謝。沒有他我們不可能有這么寶貴的經(jīng)歷。8.另外，你們的技藝精湛，對中國學(xué)生印象深刻。9.競賽按計(jì)劃在下午四點(diǎn)開始，將持續(xù)一個(gè)小時(shí)，在此期間有六位選手將輪流比賽。10.你在上封信中提到的幾個(gè)欄目正是我愛。11.開幕式上會(huì)有各種節(jié)目展示，包括舞蹈、唱歌和一場足球秀，旨在培養(yǎng)我們對足球的興趣。參考答案：一、填空1.which2.when3.whose4.whom,headed5.which6.where7.as8.where9.that10.who11.when;wasstuck12.where/inwhich13.for14.what15.which;sleepy;anxiety二、改錯(cuò)1.sharing-shared;them-which 2.which-where3.especial-especially;which-where 4.which-whose;is-are5.where-which 6.stage-stages;them-which7.the-a;which-where 8.it-which;came-come9.what-which 10.which-when;independence-independent三、翻譯（用定語從句翻譯下列各句）1.Heowedhissuccesstothoseexperiencedandthoughtful/considerateteachers,fromwhomhelearnednotonlyknowledge,buttheartofbeinganexcellentperson.2.Beingexposedtodiverseculturesisreallyagreatexperience,whichdefinitelyextendsourhorizonsandevenbenefitsourfuturedevelopmentalot.3.Itisahelpfulwebsitewhereavarietyofonlinecoursesareprovided.4.Onthebigday,twentyoutstanding/distinguishedhighschoolstudentswhohavebeenselectedfromallpartsofChinawilldelivertheirspeechesonthegiventopicinthestadiu