實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練高考英語閱讀完美掌握論說文

WhatisimpliedbutnotThewriterreallyapproves(agree)ofthepresentsituationofthewives’positionatThewriterexpressesthedissatisfactionwithawife’spositionathomeandspeakforalltheThewriterthinksawifeshouldindeeddoeverythingforthechildrenandthehusbandathomebutnothingelse.Itiswrongforsomeofthehusbandsnottosharethedutiesathomeandwomenshouldberespectedineveryaspect.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthe B．OldWifeIsGoneandNewWifeC．WifeisBetterThan D．IWanta2Ihaveafriendwholivesbyathree-wordphilosophy:Seizethemoment.Justpossibly,shemaybethewisestwomanonthisplanet.Toomanypeopleputoffsomethingthatbringsthemjoyjustbecausetheyhaven’tthoughtaboutit,don’thaveitontheirschedule,didn’tknowitwascomingoraretoostricttodepartfromtheirroutine.Ican’tcountthetimesIcalledmysisterandsaid,“Howaboutgoingtolunchinhalfanhour?”Shewouldgaspandstammer,“Ican’t.Ihaveclothesontheline.Myhairisdirty.IwishIhadknownyesterday,Ihadalatebreakfast,itlookslikerain.”Andmypersonalfavoriteresponse:“It’sjustMonday.”Shediedafewyearsago.Weneverdidhavelunchtogether.Fromthenon,I’vetriedtobealittlemoreflexible.Lifehasawayofgoingfasteraswegetolder.Thedaysgetshorter,andthelistofpromisesmadetoourselvesgetslonger.Onemorning,weawaken,andallhavetoshowforourlivesisrepetitionof“I’mgoingto”,“Iplanon”and“Someday,whenthingsaresettleddownabit.”Whenanyonecallsmy“sizethemoment”friend,sheisopentoadventureandavailablefortrips.Shekeepsanopenmindonnewideas.Herenthusiasmforlifeiscontagious.Youtalkwithherforfiveminutes,andyou’rereadytotradeyourbadfeetforapairofRollerbladesandskipanelevatorforabungeecord.Mylipshavenottouchedicecreamin10years.Iloveicecream.Theotherday,Istoppedthecarandboughtatriple-decker.Ifmycarhadhitanicebergonthewayhome,Iwouldhavediedhappy.Nowgoonandhaveaniceday.DosomethingyouWANTtonotsomethingonyourSHOULDDOTheexampleofthewriter’ssisterservesan B．a(chǎn)nintroductionC．a(chǎn) D．a(chǎn)Thewriterthinksthattheunderlinedexcuse“It’sjustMonday.”isacceptable, itisstilllikelythattheycanhavelunchtogethersometimeitsoundsmostreasonableofalltheitshowsrespectforthewriter’sitindicatesthetimewhentheycanhavelunchTheunderlinedword“contagious”inthefourthparagraph WhatisthepurposeofthewriterbywritingtheTosuggesthowtimeTopersuadebusypeopletoToadvisepeopletokeeptheirToconvincereaderstobeflexibleontheirscheduleforpractical3London—Amorning’strainrideaway,acrossthechannel(TheEnglishChannel),EnglishkidsdiscussthefactofLiverpool’sfootballteaminaParispub(taxi).SomeParisiansevenstartedtotraveltoworkinInthe19thcentury,CharlesDickenscomparedthetwocities,LondonandParis,in“ATaleofTwoCities”(雙城記).Thesedays,itmightbe“ATaleofOneCity”.Asjobsgrewscarce(difficulttofind)athomeoverrecentyears,perhaps250,000Frenchmenmovedacrossthechannel.Withanunderseatunnel,theycouldtravelbetweencitiesinthreehours.TheEuropeanUnion(歐盟)freedthemfromimmigrationandcustoms.Paris,richinbeauty,ismorestylish(fashionable).ButLondonfeelsmorefulloflife,andmorefununtilthepubsshutdown.“Forme,thedifferenceisthatLondonisreal,alive,”saidTrevorWheeler,afinancialconsultant.ChantalJaouen,aprofessionaldesigner,agrees.“IamFrench,butI’llstayinLondon,”shesaid.Thereis,ofcourse,theotherview.JulieLenouxisastudentwhomovedtoLondontwoyearsago.“IthinkpeoplelaughmoreinParis,”shesaid.“Bothcitieshavechangedbeyondrecognition,”saidLarryCollins,anauthorandsometimesaLikemostpeoplewhoknowbothwell,hefindsthetwonowfittogether“IfirstfellinlovewithParisinthe1950s.Thingsaresomuchmoreordered,andlifeisbetter.”Butcertainlynotcheaper.InsomepartsofLondon,rentscanbetwicethoseonAvenueFochinParis.DecidingbetweenLondonandParisrequiresalifestylechoice.LikeDaphneBenoit,aFrenchjournalismstudentwithperfectEnglish,manyyoungpeoplearehappytobecloseenoughsotheydon’thavetochoose.“IloveParis,mylittleneighborhood,thewayIcanwalkaroundacenter,butlifeissoorganized,”shesaid.“InLondon,youcanbewhoyouwant.Noonecares.”Accordingtopeople’sopinions,wecanfindthatA．ParisiansenjoyEnglishfoodmorethantheirown.B．LondonersseldomtraveltoParisonholidaysC．bothcitieshavetheirD．youngpeopleprefertoliveinIfmorepeoplemovetoacity,theresultispeoplebecomecloserthanthecitybecomesawonderfuleverythingischeaperthantheyhavetopaymoremoneytoliveinaWhat’sthemeaningofthelastPeoplecandoeverythinginPeoplewillfeellonelyinPeopleinLondonenjoylivingindifferentPeopleinLondonenjoyalawlessWhat’sthebesttitleoftheA．ANewTaleofTwoB．TheDifferencesBetweenParisandC．TheComparisonofParisandD．WhichisBetter,Parisor4Whenadirtyanduntidyorangecatshowedupintheprisonyard,Iwasoneofthefirsttogooutthereandpetit.Ihadn’ttouchedacatoradoginover20years.Ispentatleast20minutes,kneltdownbehindthekitchenasthecatrolledaround,relaxed.Whathewasexpressingoutwardly,Iwasfeelinginwardly.ItwasanamazingbitofgracetofeelhimundermyhandandnotethatIwasreachingalifeoranothercreaturewithsomethingassimpleasmycare.Overthenextfewdays,therewereotherprisonersrespondingtothecat.Everyyardperiod,agroupofprisonersgatheredthere.Theystoodaroundtalkingandtakingturnspettingthecat.Therewereguysyouwouldn’tusuallyfindtalkingtoeachother.SeveraltimesIsawanofficerinthegroup,notchasingpeopleaway,butjustwatchingandseemingtoenjoyalongwiththeprisoners.Bowlsofmilkandwaterappearedalongwithbread,wiselyplacedundertheedgeofthedustbintokeepthebirdsfromgettingit.Thecatwasobviouslyhomelessandinprettybadshape.Peoplesaidthatthecatcametotherightplace.He’sgettingtreatedlikeaking.Thiswastrue,butasIwatchedIwasalsothinkingaboutwhatthecatwasdoingforus.Therewasalotoftalkaboutwhat’swrongwithprisonsinAmerica.Weneedmoreprograms.Weneedmorepsychologistsortreatmentofvariouskinds.Somemayeventalkaboutmakingprisonsmorekind.ButIthinkwhatwereallyneedisachancetopracticeourownkindness.Notreceiveit,butgiveit.Aftermorethantwodecadeshere,Iknowkindnessisnotavaluethat’sencouraged.It’softenseenasaweakness.Instead,thecultureencourageskeepingyourheaddown,mindingyourownbusiness,andneverlettingyourselfbeweak.Thecatdidmyheartgoodtoseetheeffecthehadonmeandthemenhere.Bysimplysaying,“Ineedsomehelphere”,hedidsomethingimportantforus.Heneededus.Andweneededtobeneeded.Ibelievewealldo.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorananimal B．theowneroftheC．a(chǎn)prison D．a(chǎn)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisThecatwasdirtybecauseitwaskeptinTheofficerintheprisonenjoyedpettingtheTheprisonerspreparedfoodforboththecatandTheauthorrealizedtheimportanceofpracticingWecaninferfromthethirdparagraphshowinglovetootherscanmakeprisonerstheAmericanprisonculturewillbetheauthorisnotsatisfiedwiththeprisoncaringforothersisencouragedinAmericanWhatisthebettitleisencouragedinAmericanCaringMakesus B．PrisonCultureisC．AnimalsNeed D．EveryoneNeedstobeCared5Everybodyishappyashispayrises.Yetpleasureatyourowncandisappearifyoulearnthatafellowworkerhasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifheisknownasbeinglazy,youmightevenbequitecross.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingbeliefthatotheranimalswouldnotbeabletohavethisfinelydevelopedsenseofsadness.ButastudybySarahBrosnanofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.TheresearchersstudiedthebehaviorsofsomekindoffemalebrownTheylooksmart.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodhappily.Aboveall,likefemaleshumanbeings,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokens（獎券）forfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforpiecesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparateandconnectedrooms,sothateachothercouldobservewhattheotherisgettinginreturnforitsrock,theybecamequitedifferent.Intheworldofmonkeys,grapesareexcellentgoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasnotwillingtohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithershookherowntokenattheresearcher,orrefusedtoacceptthecucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherroom(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtobringaboutdissatisfactioninafemalemonkey.Theresearchessuggestthatthesemonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialsenses.Inthewild,theyareco-operativeandgroup-living.Suchco-operationislikelytobefirmonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofangerwhenunfairlytreated,itseems,arenotthenatureofhumanbeingsalone.Refusingasmallerrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingscleartootheranimalsofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessdevelopedindependentlyinmonkeysandhumans,orwhetheritcomesfromthecommonrootsthattheyhad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.1．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．OnlymonkeysandhumanscanhavethesenseoffairnessintheB．WomenwillshowmoredissatisfactionthanmenwhenunfairlyC．Inthewild,monkeysareneverunhappytosharetheirfoodwitheachD．Monkeyscanexchangecucumbersforgrapes,forgrapesaremoreTheunderlinedstatement“itisalltoomonkey”means monkeysarealsoangrywithlazyfeelingbitteratunfairnessisalsomonkey’snatureC．monkeys,likehumans,tendtobeenviousofeachotherD．noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchfeelingsFemalemonkeysofthiskindarechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausethey morelikelytoweighwhattheygetB．a(chǎn)ttentivetoresearchers’instructionsniceinbothappearanceandmorereadytohelpothersthantheirmaleWhichofthefollowingconclusionsisTRUEaccordingtotheHumanbeings’feelingofangeraredevelopedfromtheIntheresearch,malemonkeysarelesslikelytoexchangefoodwithothers.C．Co-operationbetweenmonkeysstaysfirmbeforetherealizationofbeingcheated.D．Onlymonkeysandhumanshavethesenseoffairnesswhichdatesbackto35millionyears6Atonetime,computerswereexpectedlargelytoremovetheneedforpapercopiesofdocumentsbecausetheycouldbestoredelectronically.Butforallthetextsthatarewritten,storedandsentelectronically,alotofthemarestillendinguponpaper.ItisdifficulttomeasurethequantityofpaperusedasaresultofuseofInternet-connectedcomputers,althoughjustaboutanyonewhoworksinanofficecantellyouthatwhene-mailsisintroduced,theprintersstartworkingovertime.“Ifeelinmybonesthisrevolutioniscausingmoretreestobecutdown,”saysTedSmithoftheEarthVillageOrganization.PerhapsbestsignofhowcomputerandInternetusepushesupdemandforpapercomesfromthehigh-techindustryitself,whichseesprintingasoneofitsmostpromisingnewmarkets.SeveralInternetcompanieshavebeensetuptohelpsmallbusinessesprintqualitydocumentsfromacomputer.EarlierthisweekHewlettPackardCo.announcedaplantodevelopnewtechnologiesthatwillenablepeopletoprintevenmoresotheycangetahardcopy(精裝本的)ofabusinessdocument,amedicalrecordorjustaone-linee-mail,eveniftheyouarenowherenearacomputer.Asthecompanyseesit,themoreuseoftheInternetthegreaterdemandforprinters.Doesallthismeanenvironmentconcernshavebeenforgotten?Someactivistssuggestpeoplehavebeenledtobelievethatalotofdangerstotheenvironmenthavegoneaway.“Iguesspeoplebelievethattheproblemistakencareof,becauseofrecycling,”saidKellyQuirke,directoroftheRainforestActionNetworkinSanFrancisco.YetQuirkeishopefulthathigh-techmayalsoprovehelpful.Hesaysprintersthatprintonbothsidesaregrowinginpopularity.Theactiongrouphasalsofoundacceptablepapermadefrommaterialsotherthanwood,suchasagriculturalwaste.Thegrowingdemandforpaperinrecentyearsislargelydueto(becauseoftherapiddevelopmentofsmalltheopeningupofnewtheprintingofhighqualitytheincreaseduseoftheEnvironmentalistsbelieveonepossiblewayofdealingwiththepapersituationtoencourageprintingmorequalitytodevelopnewprintersusingrecycledtofindnewmaterialsformakingtoplantmorefastgrowingHewlett-PackardCo.hasdecidedtodevelopnewtechnologiespeopleareconcernedabouttheprintersinmanyofficesareworkingsmallcompaniesneedmorehardtheyseeagrowingmarketforWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheComputersandB．E-mailandtheBusinessInternetRevolutionandModernTechnologyandnew7“Ithurtsmemorethanyou”and“Thisisforyourowngood”——thesearethestatementsmymotherusedtomakewhenIhadtolearnLatin拉丁語cleanmyroom,stayhomeanddoThatwasbeforeweenteredthepermissiveperiodineducationinwhichwedecideditwasallrightnottopushourchildrentoachievebestinschool.Theschoolsandtheeducatorsmadeitveryeasy.Theytaughtthatitwasallrighttobeparentswhotakealet-alonepolicy.Nowteachers,facedwithchildrenwhohavebeendevelopingattheirownpace(步調(diào))forthepast15years,arerealizingwe’vemadeaterriblemistake.OnesuchteacherisSharonKlompuswhosaysofherstudents“sopassive”andwonderswhathashappened.Nothingisdemandedofthem,shebelieves.Television,saysKlompus,contributesto(thanksto)children’spassivity.“We’retalkingaboutagenerationofkidswho’veneverbeenhurtorhungry.Theyhavelearnedsomebodywillalwaysdoitforthem,insteadofsayinggoandlookitup’,youtellthemtheanswer.Ittakesgreaterenergytosaynotoakid.”Yes,itdoes.Ittakesenergyandittakeswork.It’stimeforparentstoendtheirvacationandcometowork.It’stimetotakethecaraway,toturntheTVoff,totellthemithurtsyoumorethanthem,butit’sfortheirowngood.It’stimetostarttellingthemnoagain.Welearnfromthepassagethattheauthor’smotherusedtolayemphasison(強(qiáng)調(diào)) A．learningLatin B．discipline(紀(jì)律)natural C．educationatBy“permissiveperiodineducation”theauthormeansa whenchildrenareallowedtowhattheywishwheneverythingcanbetaughtatwheneverychildcanbetaughtatwhenchildrenarepermittedtoreceiveThemainideaofthepassageis parentsshouldleavetheirchildrenkidsshouldhavemoreactivitiesatit’stimetobemorestrictwithourparentsshouldalwayssetagoodexampletotheir8OlafStapledonwroteabookcalledFirstandLastMen,inwhichhelookedmillionsofyearsahead.Hetoldofdifferentmenandofstrangecivilization,brokenupbylong“darkages”inbetween.Inhisview,whatiscalledthepresenttimeisnomorethanamomentinhumanhistoryandwearejusttheFirstMen.In2,000millionyearsfromnowtherewillbetheeighteenthorLastMen.However,mostofourideasaboutthefuturearereallyveryshort-sighted.Perhapswecanseesomepossibilitiesforthenextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?Thenextthousand?Thenextmillion?That’smuchmoredifficult.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?Yettomenof50,000yearsfromnow,wemayseemasprimitiveinourideasastheStone-Agehuntersdotous.Perhapstheywillspendtheirdaysgollockingtomakenewspundels,orstrugglingwiththeirballalatorsthroughthecribe.Thesewords,whichIhavejustmadeup,havetostandforthingsandideasthatwesimplycan’tthinkof.Sowhybothereventotryimagininglifefarinthefuture?Herearetworeasons.First,unlesswerememberhowshortourownlivesarecomparedwiththewholehumanhistory,wearelikelytothinkourowninterestsaremuchmoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Ifwemaketheearthapoorplacetoliveonbecausewearecarelessorgreedyorquarrelsome,ourgrandchildrenwillnotbothertothinkofexcusesforSecond,bytryingtoescapefrompresentinterestsandimaginelifefarinthefuture,wemayarriveaquitefreshideasthatwecanuseourselves.Forexample,ifweimaginethatinthefuturemenanygiveupfarming,wecanthinkoftryingitnow.Sosetyourimaginationfreewhenyouthinkaboutthefuture.AparticularmentionmadeofStapledon’sbookintheopeningparagraphA．servesasadescriptionofhumanhistoryservesasanintroductiontotheshowsadisagreementofshowsthepopularityoftheThetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowhumanhistoryisextremelylifehaschangedagreatitisuselesstoplanforthenext50itisdifficulttotellwhatwillhappenintheSpundelsandballalatorsareusedinthetexttorefertoolsusedin B．ideasaboutmodernC．unknownthingsinthe D．huntingskillsintheStoneAccordingtothewriterofthetext,imaginingthefutureservetheinterestsofthepresentandfutureenableustobetterunderstandhumanhelpustoimprovemakelifeworth9Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments—mostlyforentertainmentpurposes—isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalZoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalTheanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈養(yǎng)繁殖)ofendangeredbugcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalHowwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifein Inthestateofzoochosis,remainin B．behave C．a(chǎn)ttackotheranimalsD．enjoymovingWhatdoestheauthortrytoargueintheZoosarenotworththepublicZoosfailintheirattempttosaveZoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanZoossueanimalsasameansofTheauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlypointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosusingevidencehehascollectedatzoosC．questioningthewayanimalsareprotectedD．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitatsAlthoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreezooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallmostanimalsinzoosareendangeredsomeendangeredanimalsarereproducedinit’sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirAmongvariousprogrammes,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachoneisdifferentinstyle.Butnotwoshowsaremoreoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreysnows.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“rubbishtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingascanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowtitlesoflove,sex,cheating,andhate,toadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisaboutthedarksideofsociety,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatupthetroublesofotherpeople’slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitstop,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowismainlyabouttheimprovementofsocietyanddifferentqualityoflife.Topicsarefromteachingyourchildrenlessons,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingpouredintosociety.Jerryendseveryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentireideaoftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencearemiddleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofaconnectionwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to-21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeincludelove,relationship,sex,moneyanddrug.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedthroughtheshow’sComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfrey more B．unusuallyC．more D．moreThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,peoplewhowatchtheshowsA．remaininterestedinthem B．a(chǎn)rereadytofaceuptothemC．remaincoldto D．a(chǎn)rewillingtogetawayfromWhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyA．Anewtypeof B．NationC．Familyincome D．StreetWecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkhavebecometheonlyonesofitsexploittheweaknessesinhumanappearatdifferenttimesoftheattractdifferentSir,IwashalfwaythroughProfessorRajPersuad’sarticle“What’sthetippingpoint”.(FinancialTimesWeekendApril9-10)whenitoccurredtomethatwhatIwasreadingwasnotironic(諷刺的)IfProf.PersaudwantstoknowwhyAmericanstipinrestaurants,heneedonlyaskthefirstAmericanhemeetsinAmericanstipinrestaurantsforonereason,andonereasononly;wetiptosupplementthesalaryofrestaurantworkers.Qualityofservicedoesnotenterintoit,beyondthefactthatonemaytipabitlessforpoorservice,oralittlemoreforgoodservice.Nottippingatallinanon-fast-foodrestaurantisnotachoice.IntheUS,oneusedtotipabout15percentfordininginafamily-stylerestaurantorinanupmarketrestaurant.Here,inSanFranciscoBayarearestaurants,weareencouragedtotip20percentormore,tohelprestaurantworkersliveinthisveryexpensivearea.AftereatingatanItalianrestaurantinmycity,Ileftatipof20percentonthenon-taxpartofourdinnerbill.Itwasexpected.ThereisnothingmorecomplicatedthanthataboutAmericanstippinginrestaurants.PaloAlto,CA94306,FromMr.PhilipMcBrideSir,IagreewithmostofRajPersaud’sopinionaboutthedoubtfulvalueoftipping,butwithoneexception(例外).Tipscanbeveryusefulwhenoneisarepeatcustomerordiner.Itisonlywhenthetipperisastrangerandlikelytoremainsothatthesystemdoesnotworktohisadvantage.Butfrequentahotelorarestaurant,alwaystipabitmore,andthedifferenceinserviceandtreatmentwillbeeasilyfelt.PhilipMcBrideJohnson,WhatcanwelearnfromHoffman’sletter?A．QualityofservicedeterminestippingintheUS.B．Americansdon’ttipinnon-fast-foodC．TippinginUSupmarketrestaurantsisunnecessary.D．HowtotipintheUnitedStateisnotcomplicatedJohnson’sletterA．a(chǎn)strangerinarestaurantislikelytotipabitB．dinersreceiverbetterserviceiftheyfrequentaC．repeatdinersmaygetgoodserviceiftheytipabitD．thetippingsystemworkstotheadvantageofnewFromthetwoletters,wecanlearnProfessorRajfeelsdoubtfulaboutthevalueofbelievestippingimprovesqualityofwantstoaskHoffmanabouttippinginthethinkstippingabitmoreonecangetgoodThetwolettersmostprobablyappearin C．book “WhomadeyouT-shirt?AGeoletdownUniversitystudentsraisedthatquestion.PiertraRivoli,aprofessorofbusiness,wantedtofindtheanswer.Afewweekslater,sheboughtaT-shirtandbegantofollowitspathformTexascotton,rimtoChinesefactorytocharitybin(慈善捐贈箱).Theresultisaninterestingnewbook,Thetran’sofaT-shirtintheGlobalEconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì)).FollowingaT-shirtaroundtheworldinawaytomakeherpointmoreinteresting,butitalsofreesRivolifromtheusualargumentsoverglobaltrade.ShegoeswherevertheT-shirtgoes,andtherearesurprisesaroundeverycorner.InChina,Rivolishowswhyaclothingfactory,evenwithitspoorconditions,meansasteptowardsabettercareforthepeoplewhowordthere.Inthecolorfulused-clohtingmarketsofTanzania,sherealizesthat,“itisonlyinthisfinalstageoflifethattheT-shirtwillmeetarealmarket,”wherethepriceofashirtchangesbythehourandisdifferentbyitssizeandevencolor.Rivoli’sbookisfullofmeablepeopleandscenes,likethenoise,thebadairandthe“muddysweetsmellofthecotton,shesays.“Hereinthefactory,ShanghaismellslikeshallotwaterTexas.”Rivoliisatherbestwhenmakingthosesortsofunexpectedconnections.Sheevenfindsonebetweenthefreetradersandthosewhoareagainstglobalization.Thechangesopenedupbytradearevase,sheargues,butfreemarketsneedthecorrectingforceofpoliticstokeepthemincheck.Trueeconomicprogressneedsthemboth.WhatdowelearnaboutProfessorSheusedtowordoncottonShewroteabookaboutworldShewantstogiveupherteachingShewearsaT-shirtwhereversheBysayingT-shirt“meetarealmarket”,Rivolimeansin cheaperT-shirtsareusedT-shirtsarehardtopricesofT-shirtsriseandfallpricesofT-shirtsareusuallyWhatdoestheword“them”underlinedinthelastparagraphreferto?A．Freemarkets. B．Pricechanges.C．Unexpected D．ChancesopenedupbyWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheWhatT-shirtsCanDotoHelpCottonHowT-shirtsAreMadeinHowT-shirtsAreSoldinWhatT-shirtsCanTeachWhenIaskedmydaughterwhichitemshewouldkeep:thephone,thecar,thecooker,thecomputer,theTV,orherboyfriend,shesaid“thephone”.Personally,Icoulddowithoutthephoneentirely,whichmakesmeunusual.Thetelephoneischangingourlivesmorethananyotherpieceoftechnology.Point1Thetelephonecreatestheneedtocommunicate,inthesamewaythatmoreroadscreatemoretraffic.Mydaughtercomeshomefromschoolat4:00pmandthenspendsanhouronthephonetalkingtotheverypeopleshehasbeenatschoolwithallday.Ifthephonedidnotexist,wouldshehaveanythingtotalkabout?Point2Themobilephonemeansthatweareneveralone.“Themobilesavedmylife,”saysCrystalJohnstone.ShehadanaccidentinherVolvoontheA45betweenOtleyandSkipton.Trappedinside,shemanagedtomakethecallthatbroughttheambulancetoherrescue.Point3Themobileremovesoursecret.ItallowsMarketingManagero