高三英語一輪復習現(xiàn)在完成時講義

高考英語語法知識點梳理現(xiàn)在完成時用法講義一、現(xiàn)在完成時概念：過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果：強調(diào)結果YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強調(diào)繼續(xù)Hehaslivedheresince1978.二、現(xiàn)在完成時的構成：現(xiàn)在完成時由“have(has)+過去分詞”構成。has用于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時。①Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我剛做完功課②IhavelivedinGuangzhouformorethanthreeyears.我已經(jīng)在廣州住了三年多了。③Mysisterhasseenthemoviemanytimes.那部電影我姐姐看過好多次了?，F(xiàn)在完成時的否定句和疑問句的構成。否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.說明：have和has常與not縮寫成haven't和hasn't.①Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently最近我沒怎么見到他。②Hehasn'tbeentoJapan.他沒有去過日本。一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其它？肯定回答：Yes,主語+have/has.否定回答：No,主語+have/hasnot?！狧aveyoufinishedyourhomework?你已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了嗎？——Yes,Ihave.(No,Ihaven't)是的。（不，還沒有）④–-Hashepassedthetestyet?他考試及格了嗎—-Yes,hehas.(No,hehasn't)是的。（不，沒及格）三、現(xiàn)在完成時的標志____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sofarhehaswritten8books.最近他已經(jīng)寫了八本書。Inthepastyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.在過去幾年里，我們鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了巨大變化。Havetheyfinishedtasksyet?他們還沒完成任務嗎？Hehasalreadygivenupsmoking.他已經(jīng)戒煙了。（表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不抽煙了）WehaveevermettheminNanjingbefore.我們之前曾經(jīng)在南京遇到他們。HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoBeijing?他去過北京幾次？（與表示頻率的狀語連用）Wehavereceivednonewsfromherfor2years.兩年了，我們沒有她的一點消息。ShehastaughtussinceIcametothisschool.從我來學校開始她就一直教我們。IhavebeentoShanghaimanytimes.我去過上海很多次了。（現(xiàn)在不在上海）ShehasgonetoShanghai.她去北京了（表示她人此刻不在這，在北京的途中或已在北京）TheGreenshavebeeninChinafortwoyears.格林一家在中國待了兩年。（現(xiàn)在還在中國）Itis/hasbeenmorethantenyearssincewelearntEnglish.Manyyearshaspassedsincewekneweachother.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavelistenedtothemusic.ThatisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverwatched.使用現(xiàn)在完成時應注意的情況瞬間動詞（也叫點動詞，非延續(xù)性動詞或終止性動詞）表示的動作有一個終點，到了終點就不能再延續(xù)，因此不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語（如for短語，since短語等）連用，但是可以與表示非持續(xù)的時間狀語連用。如：Hisfatherhasdiedforthreeyears.（）【die（死）為瞬間動詞，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用①他父親去世已經(jīng)三年了。Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago.（）【可以與表示非持續(xù)性的時間狀語連用Ihaveboughtthebookforaweek.（）【buy(買)為瞬間動詞，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用②這本書我買了一個星期了。Iboughtthebookaweekago.（）【可以與表示非延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用表示時間段的時間狀語時，可以將瞬間動詞變?yōu)橥x的延續(xù)性或表狀態(tài)的動詞（短語）。所以，上面兩例還可以分別表示為：③Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.{bedead(死的)表狀態(tài)}Ihavehadthebookforaweek.{have(擁有)表延續(xù)性動作}常見的瞬間動詞可以轉換成表延續(xù)狀態(tài)的詞有如下一些：漢語意思瞬間動詞(詞組)延續(xù)性動詞(詞組)買buyhave借borrowkeep結婚getmarriedbemarried認識gettoknowknow離開leavebeaway回來comebackbeback生病fallillbeill死亡diebedead關閉turnoffbeoff打開turnonbeon動身leaveforbeoffto返回returnbeback變成becomebe開始beginbeon睡覺gotobedsleep穿putonhaveon/wear來/去come/gobein/away參加joinbeamemberof感冒catchacoldhaveacold入睡gotosleep/fallasleepbeasleep到達getto/arrivein(at)/reachbein注意：for和since的用法:for+時間段(譯為：……時間)since+過去一個時間點(譯為：自從……以來)since+時間段+agosince+從句(過去時)Itis+時間段+since+從句(過去時)Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since句子（自從......已有多久）一段時間+haspassed+since句子（自從......已有多久）It/This/Thatis+thefirst/only/last…+名詞單數(shù)+that句子It/This/Thatis+the+形容詞最高級+名詞單數(shù)+that句子一、用since或for填空1.TimhasbeeninEngland________Monday.2.TimhasbeeninEngland_________threedays.3.Shehasbeenthere________7o'clock.4.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_________1974.5.Theyhavebeenwaitingthebus_________20minutes.6.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.二、用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式填空。ThisisthefourthtimethatMr.Smith___________(visit)theSummerPalaceRicenoodles____________(be)noodlesmadefromrice.AndtheyarethebestthingthatI___________(eat)sofar.Everypossiblemeans___________(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.Judyisgoingtomarrythetourguideshe________(meet)inFrancelastyear.—Where_________yournewhousenow?—Inasuburbanarea.ButI_________(live)indowntownforfiveyears.I___________(live)inBeijingsinceI_____________(graduate)fromuniversity.Shakespeare’splayHamlet___________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.ThenewbridgeovertheYellowRiver___________(complete).I____________(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI___________trytofinishitnextweekend.China_________(achieve)quitealotinenvironmentalprotectionrecently.—Whathappenedinthenewarea?—Newhouses____________(build)recentlyoverthere.SinceHannahbeganheractivities,she____________(receive)alotofpraise.Mycousin___________(go)toCanadatwoyearsago.He_________(work)thereforafewmonthsandthen__________(move)toAmerica.China_____________(make)greateffortsforyearstodeveloprenewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andnuclearpowertoreducethecountry’sdependencyoncoal.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwater___________(pollute).按要求改寫句子。Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.（用for改寫句子）_________________________________________________________Iboughtapentwohoursago.（用since改寫句子）_________________________________________________________Theyborroweditlastweek.（用for改寫句子）_________________________________________________________Hejoinedtheleaguein2010.（用since改寫句子）_________________________________________________________Thefilmbegantwominutesago.（用for改寫句子）_________________________________________________________Mygrandpadiedin2002.（用for改寫句子）_________________________________________________________Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.（用since改寫句子）_________________________________________________________四、翻譯1.我以前從未見過如此善良的人。_________________________________________________________他的錢被偷了。_________________________________________________________這個區(qū)域已經(jīng)建了多少棟大樓了？_________________________________________________________那是他寫過的唯一一本書。_________________________________________________________這是我吃過的最好吃的一頓飯。_________________________________________________________作業(yè)還沒做完。_________________________________________________________買新電腦了嗎？_________________________________________________________8.由于生活水平的提高，在過去幾年中人們的消費模式發(fā)生了變化。_________________________________________________________答案：一、用for或since填空1.since2.for3.since4.since5.for6.for,since二、用單詞的適當形式填空1.hasvisited2.is,haveeaten3.hasbeenused4.met5.is,havelived6.havelived,graduated7.hasbeenmade8.hasbeencompleted9.haveread,willtry10.hasachieved11.havebeenbuilt12.hasreceived13.went,hasworked,moved14.hasm