老高考適用2023版高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專(zhuān)題2閱讀七選五第1講根據(jù)設(shè)題位置解題課件

第一部分閱讀能力突破篇專(zhuān)題二閱讀七選五第1講根據(jù)設(shè)題位置解題高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透考點(diǎn)1段首題類(lèi)辨明題類(lèi)段首題類(lèi)主要考查兩種情況：1.考查段落主旨句。2.考查與上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，為過(guò)渡句或承上啟下句。此種類(lèi)型主要考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇或段落大意的整體概括能力。技法點(diǎn)撥1．主旨句在文章某段落的段首設(shè)空的題目常為該段落的主題句或主旨概括句，通常以主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。選取時(shí)注意主題句的特點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)短精悍，以祈使句為主。解題時(shí)首先要認(rèn)真閱讀并把握該段落的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是設(shè)空處后面幾句的內(nèi)容，以確定關(guān)鍵信息，然后從各選項(xiàng)中查找與文中關(guān)鍵信息相關(guān)的詞句，以確定答案。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，答案選項(xiàng)與設(shè)空處后面的一句在內(nèi)容上是連貫的，意義上是緊密銜接符合邏輯的。真題體驗(yàn)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)36Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree...(Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.)Don?tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon?tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.B．Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C．Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D．Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.【解題示范】段首題?？崭裉幨潜径蔚闹黝}句，由空后的“Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.(當(dāng)你第一次想寫(xiě)一篇文章的時(shí)候，把筆放在紙上，不間斷地寫(xiě)10到15分鐘，不要讓筆離開(kāi)紙。)”可知，本段主要講的是要學(xué)會(huì)不間斷地寫(xiě)，D選項(xiàng)“Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.(首先，學(xué)習(xí)不間斷寫(xiě)作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要內(nèi)容，可作為主題句。故選

D

。技法點(diǎn)撥2．承上啟下句段首題類(lèi)有時(shí)與上一段尾句關(guān)系緊密，同時(shí)引出下文，起到承上啟下的作用。此時(shí)解題既要熟悉上一段的內(nèi)容，又需要結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容。所以此時(shí)必須要做到瞻前顧后，利用上一段尾句和空后第一、二句確定相關(guān)信息詞，在選項(xiàng)中查找與之相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，并把握上下文行文邏輯，分析哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能夠?qū)⑶昂髢啥蝺?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。真題體驗(yàn)(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier，andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithanencouragingsmile.40

,andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you?llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.C．Sendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrange.E．GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF．Studiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplace【解題示范】段首題。根據(jù)上段中“Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier(表情符號(hào)有助于使交流讓人覺(jué)得更友好)”和后句“andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome(并且表情符號(hào)可以直接促成這種積極的結(jié)果)”可知，這里陳述表達(dá)友好的表情符號(hào)能給工作場(chǎng)所帶來(lái)的好處。所以F項(xiàng)“Studiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplace(研究表明，更友好的溝通會(huì)帶來(lái)更快樂(lè)的工作場(chǎng)所)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選

F

?？键c(diǎn)2段中題類(lèi)辨明題類(lèi)段中題類(lèi)一般為主題句的展開(kāi)句。一篇文章的各段、句之間形成一定的語(yǔ)義邏輯關(guān)系，有順承、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、解釋、例證、因果關(guān)系等。此種類(lèi)型要注意分析前后內(nèi)容的連貫性和邏輯性，注意句子之間的銜接手法。具體解題技巧將在第3講中詳細(xì)展開(kāi)。段中題類(lèi)的考查主要有三種情況：1.承接上文；2.引起下文；3.承上啟下。技法點(diǎn)撥1．先看空前句，再看空后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵信息詞；2．閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞；3．利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)(同源詞、同義、近義或反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn))比較匹配關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案；4．利用表示順承、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、解釋、例證、因果關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞分析前后內(nèi)容的連貫性和邏輯性，確定答案。真題體驗(yàn)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.38Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皺)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofanexploration,notasacompletehighway.E．Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F．Manybeginningwritersdon?tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G．Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.【解題示范】段中題?？涨罢f(shuō)“Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.(下一個(gè)技巧是快速寫(xiě)草稿，不要擔(dān)心是否完美。)”，空后說(shuō)“Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皺)paper.(然而，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)與不完美共存，你將避免自己的頭痛和一個(gè)裝滿皺巴巴的廢紙簍。)”，E選項(xiàng)“Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.(太多的作者試圖在第一次就把草稿寫(xiě)好。)”中的“gettheirdrafts”和上文的“writeyourdraft”相呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明了有很多人想一次就寫(xiě)好，這是不合理的，要學(xué)會(huì)允許不完美的存在，因此E選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選

E

?？键c(diǎn)3段尾題類(lèi)辨明題類(lèi)段尾句通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語(yǔ)句，但也有可能是段落間的過(guò)渡句。一般而言，當(dāng)段尾句是段落間的過(guò)渡句時(shí)，該段尾句通常出現(xiàn)在短文的第一段。如果缺的是結(jié)論性、概括性的語(yǔ)句，考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信息詞，如so，therefore，asaresult，inshort，inaword，allinall等詞或短語(yǔ)，快速縮小選擇范圍，再根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。假如所缺的是段落間的過(guò)渡句，首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞，再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進(jìn)行答案的選擇。技法點(diǎn)撥1．利用主題句或總結(jié)句確定答案主題句或總結(jié)句通常是結(jié)論性、概括性的語(yǔ)句。分析與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折還是對(duì)比關(guān)系，在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系，表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信息詞有：therefore，asaresult，thus，hence，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，inaword等，選項(xiàng)中也可能發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞或句。真題體驗(yàn)(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.

39.C．Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D．Remember,youareonlyhuman.E．Setanintentionforself-acceptance.【解題示范】本段提出我們要認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。空格前作者羅列了幾項(xiàng)成就，如擁有一份工作、獲得學(xué)位、

今天按時(shí)起床了等。成就有大有小，但都值得慶祝。選項(xiàng)C是一個(gè)結(jié)論性、概括性的語(yǔ)句，符合語(yǔ)境。故選

C

。技法點(diǎn)撥2．利用段落過(guò)渡句確定答案段落過(guò)渡句有可能是考查承上啟下的過(guò)渡句。會(huì)用一些信息詞(如轉(zhuǎn)折詞)引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的信息詞。若所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容，在選項(xiàng)中可能找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否能與選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容緊密連接起來(lái)。真題體驗(yàn)(2021·浙江高考)PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome?sColosseum.OrAfrica?sVictoriaFalls.OrChina?sGreatWall.31.“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChina

Daily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit...(Andthat?stotallyfine.)”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo?shunch(直覺(jué))paidoff.E．OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F．Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G．Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解題示范】段尾題。上文“PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome?sColosseum.OrAfrica?sVictoriaFalls.OrChina?sGreatWall.(34歲的葡萄牙電腦工程師PauloMagalhaes喜歡打開(kāi)他的郵箱，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)色彩鮮艷的羅馬斗牛場(chǎng)圖片?；蛘叻侵薜木S多利亞瀑布?；蛘呤侵袊?guó)的長(zhǎng)城。)”介紹了Paulo喜歡明信片的個(gè)人愛(ài)好。下文“...andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit”說(shuō)明他身邊缺少與他志趣相投的人。選項(xiàng)G“Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.(簡(jiǎn)而言之，他喜歡明信片，也喜歡收到遠(yuǎn)方某人手寫(xiě)的便條時(shí)的那種興奮。)”起到承上啟下的作用，總結(jié)了上文Paulo喜歡明信片，也引出下文關(guān)于他的喜好得不到回應(yīng)的問(wèn)題。故選

G

。技法點(diǎn)撥3．利用補(bǔ)充信息句確定答案段尾題類(lèi)還有可能是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，這時(shí)要選擇補(bǔ)充性的語(yǔ)句。真題體驗(yàn)(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon?tstoptalking?Ifyoucan?ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou?rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.C．Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”D．BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay【解題示范】段尾題。根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan?ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou?rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開(kāi)講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景。)”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說(shuō)個(gè)不?！边@個(gè)問(wèn)題提供方法。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay(或者把談話變成他們沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的話題)”是提出的另一個(gè)解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選

E

項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)4小標(biāo)題類(lèi)辨明題類(lèi)七選五通常是“總—分(—總)”結(jié)構(gòu)，偶爾是“總—分—分”結(jié)構(gòu)，把握住這個(gè)“總—分(—總)”的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和段際關(guān)系，對(duì)于標(biāo)題類(lèi)設(shè)空的解答大有幫助。小標(biāo)題題目較為明顯，多為名詞性短語(yǔ)或祈使句，題目較為簡(jiǎn)單，學(xué)生可優(yōu)先做該題。技法點(diǎn)撥一般而言，小標(biāo)題比較精簡(jiǎn)，常以短語(yǔ)或簡(jiǎn)短的句子來(lái)呈現(xiàn)。考生可以根據(jù)這一特征快速瀏覽七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，并有效縮小選擇范圍。小標(biāo)題往往是該段的中心思想，因此，考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀該段內(nèi)容，了解段落大意，把握段落主題，根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，排除過(guò)于寬泛、以偏概全、偏離主題的干擾項(xiàng)，從而最終確定正確選項(xiàng)。真題體驗(yàn)(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Swap,Don?tshop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn?tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(資源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you?re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?36.Holdaclothingswap.It?sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunithad.It?sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.●Invite5－10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Lesspeoplethanthat,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.●38.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.●Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.39.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytake