2023-2024學(xué)年度外研版選擇性必修四Unit 6 Space and beyond課時(shí)作業(yè)

2023-2024學(xué)年度外研版選擇性必修四Unit6Spaceandbeyond課時(shí)作業(yè)課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)主題閱讀集群訓(xùn)練(限時(shí)40分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMars,thedistantredplanet,carriesChina'sgreatdreaminspaceflightaswellasthenumerouspuzzlesofcuriouspeople:WhydohumansexploreMars?WillhumansreallyemigratetoMars?WhatwilltheeverydaylifebelikeonMarsifhumansreallylivethere?ShanghaiAstronomylauncheditsoriginalsituationalexhibition“LivingonMars”—torevealthesecretsofMarsandsolvevisitors'puzzlesaboutthelifeonMars.Time:October15,2023toMarch2,2024(closedonMondays,exceptnationalholidays)Location:B1TemporaryExhibitionHallHIGHLIGHTSOFTHEEXHIBITIONFullysituationaldisplayIntheexhibitionthereareartisticinstallationsandscenescreatedagainstMartianlandscapes,suchasthefamousMartiansandstorm,OlympusMons,andVallesMarineris.VisitorscangetaglimpseofthebeautyofMars.TheamazingbluesunsetonMars,inparticular,isindeedafeastforeyes.Theareawhereagiantastronautmodelfloatingintheairgreetsvisitorshasbecomeapopularcheck－inspot.MarsConvenienceStoreRowsofshelvesinthestoreallowvisitorstohaveadirectknowledgeofwhatanimalsandplantscanliveonMarsandevengetareceiptwithscientificknowledgeprintedonit.Thereisalsoanareaof“importedfood”inthestorewherevisitorscannotonly“purchase”thespicydicedchickenwithpeanuts,chocolate,andicecreameatenbyastronautsbutalsoseetheastronauts'foodofdifferenttimesandpackagedindifferentshapes,suchasatoothpastetubeandacan.MarsFarmWhatplantscangrowonMars?Whyadoptssuchamodel?Theunique“storeinthefrontandfarmattheback”modelof“MarsConvenienceStore”allowsvisitorstovisuallyseewhattoeatonMarsandlearnhowthefoodisproduced.HousingonMarsWhatwouldthehouselooklikeifweliveonMars?Howcanwegetwaterandoxygen?Whydoesittake45minutesforyoutoreceiveananswertoaquestionyouaskedwhenyoumakeacalltoEarthfromMars?CometotheMarsBasetofindtheanswers.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了上海天文館的原創(chuàng)情景化展覽“火星生活”的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、亮點(diǎn)等參展信息。1．Whichfeatureoftheexhibitionappealsmosttoavisitorwhoisinterestedintheastronauts'diet?A．MarsConvenienceStore.B．Fullysituationaldisplay.C．MarsFarm.D．HousingonMars.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MarsConvenienceStore的“Thereisalsoanarea...tubeandacan.”可知，在火星便利店游客們可以看到宇航員在不同時(shí)期所食用的食品，即宇航員的日常飲食可以在火星便利店里了解到。2．Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A．Theexhibitionoffersvisitorsanimmersive(沉浸式)experienceoflifeinspace.B．Theexhibitionfeaturesacombinationofscientificknowledgeandartisticdisplay.C．Visitorscanhaveatasteofhumans'futurelifeonMarsinthispermanentexhibition.D．VisitorscanexperiencelifeonMarsintheaspectoffood,housingandtransportation.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Fullysituationaldisplay的第一句可知，該展覽設(shè)有藝術(shù)陳列供人欣賞；根據(jù)MarsConvenienceStore的第一句可知，該展覽可以讓游客了解科學(xué)知識(shí)。由此可知，“火星生活”展覽是藝術(shù)展示與科學(xué)知識(shí)的結(jié)合。3．Wherecanthispassagemostprobablybefound?A．Inatravelbrochure.B．Inasciencemagazine.C．Onanartshowposter.D．Onamuseumwebsite.解析：選D文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段的“ShanghaiAstronomylauncheditsoriginalsituationalexhibition‘LivingonMars’—torevealthesecretsofMarsandsolvevisitors'puzzlesaboutthelifeonMars.”以及后面出現(xiàn)的“Time”“Location”和“HIGHLIGHTSOFTHEEXHIBITION”可知，本文主要介紹的是“火星生活”情景化展覽的信息，所以最有可能出現(xiàn)在博物館的網(wǎng)站上。B(2023·重慶高三模擬)ChinesespacescientistshaveannouncednewdiscoveriesmadebyYutu－2,thefirstrobotroverevertoexplorethefarsideoftheMoon,whichpermanentlyfacesawayfromtheEarth.CommandingaroverontheMoon'sfarsidepresentsbigchallenges:theEarthisalwaysoutofsight,soradiocommandsanddatahavetobebouncedbackandforthusingaspecialrelaysatelliteorbitinginspacebeyondtheMoon.Theroverreliesonsolarpower,soithastoshutdownmostofitsoperationsfortwoweeksofeverymonthduringalongperiodoflunarnight.SincerollingontotheMoonfromitsChange's－4landerinJanuary2019,Yutu－2hasbeenoperatingontheMoonformorethanthreeyears,makingitthelongestevermissiontoexplorethelunarsurface.Oneoftherover'smainfindingsisthatthesoilonthefarsideoftheMoonisalotstickierthanonthenearside—soit'smorelikelytostickinYutu－2'swheels.That'sbecauseonthefarsiderockshavehadmorecontinuousattacksfromtinybitsofspacedustthatheattherocksinthesoilandmakethemsticktogetherinpointedshapes.Yutu－2'sjourneythroughthelunarlandscapeisveryslow—sofarithascoveredjustover1,000metresinthreeyears.Alongthewaytoeithersideofitspath,ithasspotted88smallbowl－shapedcraters(坑).Scientiststhinkthesearesecondaryimpactcraters,formedwhenbitsofrockswerethrownoutbyamuchbiggerimpact.Afarlargerone,_calledZhinyu,wascreatedwhenabigspacerockhittheMoon.AsYutu－2continuestoexploreitssurroundings,researchersareexcitedaboutwhatelseitmightdiscover.SaraRussellfromLondon'sNaturalHistoryMuseumtoldNewScientistmagazine,“It'slikethiswholenewworldtoexplore.WereallyhavealottofindoutaboutthefarsideoftheMoon;it'sreallyexciting.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了玉兔二號(hào)在月球上的一些新發(fā)現(xiàn)。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutYutu－2?A．ItisarobotrovertoexplorethenearsideoftheMoon.B．Itiscompletelyshutdownfortwoweeksofeverymonth.C．Ithasbeenonthelongestevermissiontoexplorethelunarsurface.D．It'seasytocontrolontheMoonastheEarthisalwaysoutofsight.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，玉兔二號(hào)執(zhí)行了迄今為止探索月球表面時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的任務(wù)。5．WhatmadethesoilonthefarsideoftheMoonmuchstickier?A．Materialsofthewheel.B．Rocksinpointedshapes.C．Attacksfromspacedust.D．Hitsfrombigspacerocks.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，來(lái)自太空塵埃的持續(xù)攻擊使月球遠(yuǎn)地面的土壤比近地面粘得多。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Rock. B．Crater.C．Hill. D．Path.解析：選B代詞指代題。根據(jù)前文“Scientiststhinkthesearesecondaryimpactcraters,formedwhenbitsofrockswerethrownoutbyamuchbiggerimpact.”及本句中的“whenabigspacerockhittheMoon”可知，當(dāng)一塊巨大的太空巖石撞擊月球時(shí)，會(huì)形成更大的隕石坑。由此可知，畫線詞one指的是crater。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Chang'e－4,aMoonLanderB．Chang'e－4'sFindingsontheMoonC．Yutu－2,theFirstRobotRoverontheMoonD．Yutu－2'sExplorationoftheMoon'sFarSide解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中“ChinesespacescientistshaveannouncednewdiscoveriesmadebyYutu－2”及最后一段第一句可知，本篇文章主要講述玉兔二號(hào)在月球上的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)適合作本文標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Overthenext50years,wearegoingtosendmoreandbetterrobotstoMars.__8__Thereisalimittowhatrobotscantellus,though,soeventuallywewillhavetosendpeopletostudytheplanet.BeforepeoplecanvisitMars,weneedtoinventaspaceshipthatcantakeusthere.__9__DependingonwhereMarsandEarthareintheirorbitsaroundthesun,itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogetthere.Themoonismuchcloser,andweweretheremorethan40yearsago.Overthenext10years,wearegoingtoworkonbuildinganewspacecraft.__10__Oncewereturntothemoon,wearegoingtobuildastationsothatpeoplecanliveandworkonthemoonformonthsatatime.ThisisimportantsothatwehaveaplacetostartfromwhenwewanttovisitMars.__11__Bythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeanastronaut,wewillhavepeoplespendingmonthsonthemoon.Bythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeacommanderofaspacemission,wewillbetakingtripstoMars.Bythetimeyourkidsareoldenoughtobeastronauts,wemayhavepeoplelivingonMars.Wouldn'titbecooltogetapostcardfromsomeonewhowasbuildingahouseonMars?__12__A．Marsisveryfaraway.B．PeoplewillgotoliveonMarsoneday.C．Wouldn'titbecoolerifitwasyouwhosentthepostcard?D．Usingthiscraft,wewillpracticetheskillsweneedtogotoMars.E．Thoserobotswillsendbackbetterpictures,maps,andweatherreports.F．ItwouldbepossibleforustogotoMarsinaspacecraftinthenearfuture.G．However,itisalsoimportantbecauseitgivesuspracticewithlivingawayfromEarth.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在探索火星的過(guò)程中，由于機(jī)器人本身所限，它們無(wú)法告訴人們想知道的一切，因此最終將會(huì)有人類登上火星并對(duì)它進(jìn)行研究。8．選E根據(jù)上文可知，我們將向火星發(fā)射更多更好的機(jī)器人，由此可判斷，E項(xiàng)“這些機(jī)器人將傳回更好的圖片、地圖和天氣報(bào)告”與上文銜接自然，并引出下文。9．選A根據(jù)下文可知，到火星可能需要六個(gè)月到一年的時(shí)間，由此可判斷，這里談的是地球到火星的距離，所以A項(xiàng)“火星非常遠(yuǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境。10．選D根據(jù)上文的“wearegoingtoworkonbuildinganewspacecraft”可知，D項(xiàng)中的“Usingthiscraft...”與上文語(yǔ)意順承。11．選G上文提到“Thisisimportant...”，G項(xiàng)中的“However,itisalsoimportant...”與上文結(jié)構(gòu)一致，語(yǔ)意遞進(jìn)。12．選C根據(jù)空前一句，尤其是關(guān)鍵詞“postcard”“cool”可知，C項(xiàng)“如果發(fā)賀卡的人是你那不是更酷嗎？”與上文結(jié)構(gòu)一致，語(yǔ)意遞進(jìn)。Ⅲ.完形填空(2023·黃岡高三模擬)WhenIwassevenyearsoldandmysisterAmywasjustfiveyearsold,wewereplayingontopofabunkbed.Ithoughtwithouthelporany__13__frommeatall,suddenlyAmydisappearedoffofthetopofthebunkbedand__14__withacrashonthefloor.Inervouslypeeredoverthesideofthebedandsawthatshehadlanded__15__onherhandsandkneesontheground.Iwasnervousbecausemyparentshad__16__mewithmakingsurethatweplayedas__17__aspossible.Isawmysister'spainfulfacethreateningto__18__fromhermouthandthreateningtowakeupmyparents.SoIdidtheonlythingmylittleseven－year－old__19__couldthinktodotochangethis__20__.Isaid,“Amy,Amy,wait.Don'tcry...Nohumanlandsonallfourslikethat.Amy,Ithinkthismeansyou'reaunicorn(獨(dú)角獸).”__21__，thatwascheating,buttherewasnothingintheworldmysisterwouldwantmorethantheunicorn.Insteadofcrying,insteadof__22__ourplay,withallthenegativeconsequencesthatwouldhavewaitedforme,asmile__23__acrossherface.Sheclimbedontothebunkbedagainwithallthegraceofababyunicorn,withone__24__leg.Whatwe__25__unconsciouslyatthattenderageissomethingcalledpositivepsychology.It'snotnecessarilytherealitythatshapesus,butthelens(棱鏡)throughwhichyourbrain__26__theworldthatshapesyourreality.Andifwecanchangethelens,believemewecanchangeeverysingleeducationalandbusiness__27__atthesametime.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。小時(shí)候，“我”和妹妹玩耍的過(guò)程中，妹妹從床上掉了下來(lái)，而“我”編造了一個(gè)謊言改變了事情的結(jié)局。通過(guò)這件事情，“我”聯(lián)想到了用積極的心理看待世界的重要性。13．A.hug B．dragC．risk D．push解析：選D根據(jù)下文“suddenlyAmydisappearedoffofthetopofthebunkbed”可知，從作者角度來(lái)看，他覺(jué)得妹妹不知道怎么會(huì)掉下床，他覺(jué)得自己沒(méi)有推(push)妹妹。14．A.perceived B．completedC．landed D．exploded解析：選C根據(jù)后文“withacrashonthefloor”及“sawthatshehadlanded”可知，妹妹從床上跌落(landed)在地上。下句中l(wèi)anded是提示。15．A.crazily B．painfullyC．happily D．widely解析：選B根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文中的“Isawmysister'spainfulface”可以看出妹妹從床上跌落是非常痛的(painfully)。16．A.provided B．a(chǎn)wardedC．shared D．charged解析：選D根據(jù)上文得知，“我”是哥哥，所以父母讓“我”照顧好妹妹?！拔摇焙芫o張，因?yàn)楦改敢呀?jīng)叮囑過(guò)“我”，一定要保證妹妹和“我”玩耍的時(shí)候的安全。charge“賦予……職責(zé)(或任務(wù))”。17．A.safely B．warmlyC．loudly D．mildly解析：選A結(jié)合上題解析可知，此處指盡可能安全地玩。safely“安全地”。18．A.jump B．eruptC．complain D．mourn解析：選B根據(jù)下文“threateningtowakeupmyparents”可知，妹妹疼的想要叫喊，這樣會(huì)叫醒“我”的父母。所以此處指她痛的要喊出聲來(lái)。erupt“突然發(fā)出(尤指叫喊)”。19．A.face B．headC．brain D．soul解析：選C根據(jù)下文“Nohumanlandsonallfourslikethat.Amy,Ithinkthismeansyou'reaunicorn(獨(dú)角獸)．”可知，“我”對(duì)妹妹撒謊。所以此處指腦子(brain)里想到的事。20．A.tragedy B．chanceC．shock D．legend解析：選A根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容和“Iwasnervousbecausemyparentshad______mewithmakingsurethatweplayedas______aspossible.”可知，父母要求“我”確保我們安全地玩耍，妹妹卻摔下床疼得要叫出聲來(lái)，這會(huì)驚醒父母，這對(duì)“我”來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)悲劇(tragedy)。21．A.Oppositely B．ObviouslyC．Similarly D．Consequently解析：選B根據(jù)前文“Ithinkthismeansyou'reaunicorn(獨(dú)角獸)．”和后文“thatwascheating”可知，“我”對(duì)妹妹說(shuō)她跌落在地上的樣子像獨(dú)角獸，這是明顯的欺騙。obviously“明顯地”。22．A.ceasing B．continuingC．envying D．replacing解析：選A根據(jù)下文“Sheclimbedontothebunkbedagain”可知，妹妹再次爬到床上和“我”一起玩，所以此處指我們沒(méi)有停止(cease)玩耍。23．A.proceeded B．slidC．spread D．stretched解析：選C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指笑容在妹妹臉上展開(kāi)。spread“伸展，展開(kāi)”。24．A.broken B．slimC．freezing D．dead解析：選A根據(jù)前文“Amydisappearedoffofthetopofthebunkbedand______withacrashonthefloor”妹妹從床上跌落在地板上可推知，妹妹摔傷(broken)了腿。25．A.adaptto B．comeacrossC．payfor D．pointout解析：選B根據(jù)前文“Amy,Amy,wait.Don'tcry...Nohumanlandsonallfourslikethat.Amy,Ithinkthismeansyou'reaunicorn(獨(dú)角獸)．”及“asmile______acrossherface”可知，“我”看到妹妹痛苦的樣子，騙她說(shuō)她是獨(dú)角獸，這讓她忘記了疼痛，臉上露出微笑，這個(gè)事實(shí)上是積極的心理暗示，所以此處指這個(gè)叫積極心理學(xué)的東西是偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的。comeacross“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”。26．A.changes B．imaginesC．views D．creates解析：選C根據(jù)前文“It'snotnecessarilytherealitythatshapesus,butthelens”及下文“theworld”可知，你的大腦通過(guò)棱鏡來(lái)看世界。27．A.appearance B．personC．protest D．outcome解析：選D結(jié)合本句中“ifwecanchangethelens,believemewecanchangeeverysingleeducationalandbusiness”可知，如果我們可以換一副鏡片，我們就可以改變每一個(gè)教育和商業(yè)結(jié)果(outcome)。課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)主題表達(dá)升格訓(xùn)練(限時(shí)40分鐘)Ⅰ.根據(jù)要求完成下列句子1．(完成句子)By_the_time_you_receive_this_letter(到你收到這封信的時(shí)候),Iwillhaveleftthiscityformyhometown.2．(完成句子)Idon'tthinksomepeopleare_really_aware_of_the_dangers(真正意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn))whiletravellingalone.3．(完成句子)Readingis_believed_to_increase_our_knowledge(被認(rèn)為能增加我們的知識(shí))andbroadenourminds.4．(完成句子)Thegirlreplaced_her_brother_as_a_volunteer(代替她的哥哥成為一名志愿者)toservethesportsevent.5．(完成句子)Itisimportantforyouto_submit_your_article_before_28th,_June(在6月28日前提交你的文章)．6．(同義轉(zhuǎn)換)Thekeytosuccesswithoutdoubtliesinhardwork.→There_is_no_doubt_that_thekeytosuccessliesinhardwork.7．(一句多譯)通常是老年人第一個(gè)品嘗端上餐桌的食物。①Itistheelderlywhoareusuallythefirstwho_will_taste_the_food_served_on_the_table.(定語(yǔ)從句)②Itistheelderlywhoareusuallythefirstto_taste_the_food_served_on_the_table.(不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))8．KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayissoimportantthatIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.(用倒裝句升級(jí))→So_important_is_keeping_a_learning_diary_every_day_thatIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Onceuponatime,twobrotherswholivedonneighbouringfarmsfellintoconflict.Itwasthefirstseriousdisagreementinfortyyearsoffarmingsidebyside,sharingmachinery,andtradinglabourandgoodsasneededwithoutahitch.Thenthelongcooperationfellapart.Itbeganwithasmallmisunderstandingandthengrewintoamajordifference,andfinallyitexplodedintoanexchangeofbitterwordsfollowedbyweeksofsilence.Onemorning,therewasaknockonJohn'sdoor.Heopenedittofindamanwithacarpenter'stoolbox.“I'mlookingforafewdays'work，”hesaid.“Perhapsyouhaveafewjobshereandthere.CouldIhelpyou？”“Yes，”saidJohn.“Idohaveajobforyou.Lookacrossthesmallcreekatthatfarm.That'smyneighbor.Infact，it'smyyoungerbrother.Lastweektherewasameadowbetweenusandhetookhisbulldozer(推土機(jī))thereandnowthereisacreekbetweenus.Well,hemayhavedonethistoannoymebutI'lldobetter.Seethatpileofwoodbythebarn(谷倉(cāng))？Iwantyoutobuildafence—an8－foot－h(huán)ighfence—soIwon'tneedtoseehisplaceanymore.”Thecarpentersaid,“IthinkIunderstandthesituation.Showmethenailsandhole－diggerandI'llbeabletodoajobthatpleasesyou.”Theolderbrotherhadtogotothetownforsupplies，sohehelpedthecarpentergeteverythingreadyandthenheleft.Thecarpenterworkedhardallthatdaymeasuring,sawingandnailing.AtsunsetwhenJohnreturned，thecarpenterhadjustfinishedhisjob.John'seyesopenedwide,hisjawdropped.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Paragraph1：Therewasnofenceatall.Itwasabridge!_______________________________________________________________________