2021屆高考英語閱讀之說明文（五）

備戰(zhàn)2021高考英語閱讀之說明文（五）

（A）

Children'saveragedailytimespentwatchingtelevisionorusingmobiledeviceincreasedfrom

53minutesatl2monthsoldtomorethan150minutesat3yearsold,accordingtoananalysisby

researchersattheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Childrenaged7weremorelikelytospendthe

highestamountofscreentimeiftheyhadbeeninbadhome-basedchildcareorwerebomto

first-timemothers.

"Ourresultsindicatethatscreenhabitsbeginearly.'1saidEdwinaYeung,aninvestigatorin

NationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment（NICHD）."Thisfindingsuggeststhat

interventionstoreducescreentimecouldhaveabetterchanceofsuccessifintroducedearly."

Intheresearch,mothersof4.000childrenrespondedtoquestionsontheirkids*mediahabits

whentheywere12,18,24,30,and36monthsofage.

TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendsavoidingdigitalmediaexposurefor

childrenunder18monthsofage,introducingchildren18to24monthsofagetoscreenmediaslowly,

andlimitingscreentimetoanhouradayforchildrenfrom2to5yearsofage.Inthecurrentstudy,

researchersfoundthat87%ofthechildrenhadscreentimeexceeding（超過）these

recommendations.However,whilescreentimeincreasedthroughoutinfancy（幼JL期）。after8

yearsofage,screentimefelltounder1.5hoursperday.Theresearchersbelievethisdecreaserelates

totimeconsumedbyschool-relatedactivities

Thestudyauthorsclassifiedthechildrenintotwogroupsbasedonhowmuchtheiraver-age

dailyscreentimeincreasedfromageItoage3.Thefirstgroup,73%ofthetotal,hadthelower

increase,fromanaverageofnearly51minutesadaytonearlyanhourand47minutesaday.The

secondgroup,27%ofthetotal,hadthehigherincrease,fromnearly37minutesofscreentimeaday

toabout4hoursaday.Higherlevelsofparentaleducationwereassociatedwiththeloweroddsof

inclusioninthesecondgroup.

1.Whichofthefollowingisareasonforchildren'saddictiontothemedia?

A.Loweconomiclevel.B.Poorfamilyeducation.

C.Themedia'sattraction.D.Theshortageofparents*love.

2.What'sEdwina'sadvice?

A.Tostopchildrenusingthemedia.

B.Toreducechildren'sscreentimeearlier.

C.Tohelpparentscarefbrchildrenwell

D.Toincreaseinterventiontochildren.

3.Howdidtheauthordevelopthemainbodyofthetext?

A.Byshowingsomedata.B.Bygivingsomeexamples.

C.Byanalyzingsomereasons.D.Byconcludingsomeresults

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"odds"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Price.B.Cost.C.Probability.D.Income.

（B）

Duringadeclineintourism,onenationalparkinThailandhasseenadramaticrisein

“visitors“recently.Somanyarethehermitcrabs（寄居蟹）floodingintotheotherwiseempty

beachesofKohLantathatshells（貝殼）forthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.

TheThaigovernmentmovedquicklytoeasethehousingshortage,launchingapublicappeal

foremptyshellsthatnettedover200kg.OnDecember5theseweredistributedaroundtheparkin

aceremony.

Hermitcrabsrelyonshellstoprotecttheirsoftbodies,movingtolargershellsastheygrow.

OnKohLantaandthesurroundingsmallerislands,theirrapidincreaseseemstobeanatural

phenomenon,ratherthandirectlyrelatedtotheabsenceoftourists.Buttheshortageofshellsmay

beman-made：prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.Crabshadbeguntomake

dowithpotentialdeath-trapssuchasplasticcapsandbottles.

Theshelldrivewaspartofagovernmentinitiativeto“regainthebalanceofnature”."Ihave

instructedallnationalparkstodowhateverittakes,“saysVarawutSilpa-archa,theministerfbr

naturalresources.HisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbyCOVID-19.A

banoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringing

endangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.InthecoastalprovincesofPhangNgaand

Phuket,turtleshavelaidthelargestnumberofeggsfor20years.

ThegovernmenthasdecidedtotrytocopytheshortbreakforcedonitbyCOVID-19in

future.Fromnowon,allnationalparkswillberequiredtocloseforashortperiodduringthe

off-seasonandtolimitthenumberoftouriststhroughareservationsystemwhentheyareopen.

Althoughsuchrestrictionsmeanreducedearningsfromtourismintheshortterm,inthelongerrun

moreparksmayhelptokeepthetouristscoming.

1.WhathappenedtothebeachesofKohLantarecently?

A.Theygotfloodedbyseawater.

B.Theybecamecompletelyempty.

C.Theywerepackedwithhermitcrabs.

D.Theysawaconstantstreamoftourists.

2.Whatcontributedtothehousingshortageforhermitcrabs?

A.Naturaldisasters.

B.Humanactivities.

C.Theirpreferenceforbottles.

D.Thegovernment'sinvolvement.

3.Whyareturtlesmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Towarnturtlesaredyingout.

B.Toprovebeachesaretheiridealhabitats.

C.TostressecologicaldiversityofThailand.

D.ToillustratethebirthofVarawut'sinspiration.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.DevelopingEconomyorProtectingAnimals?

B.ClosingNationalParksorDrawingMoreVisitors?

C.GovernmentsareResponsiblefortheBalanceofNature

D.AuthoritiesHelptoFindSheltersforHomelessHermitCrabs

(C)

In1848,nineyoungmenwerechargedwithbetrayalofthequeenofEngland.The

punishmentforthiscrimewasdeath.Thesemenhadtobedealtwithstrongly,becausetheycould

notbeallowedtosetabadexampleforothers.Althoughthepeoplesidedwiththeyoungmen

whowereaccused,thejudgesentencedthemtobehanged.

Thecourtcasedrewagreatdealofpublicinterest,andtheninemenbecamefamous.Protests

againsttheirpunishmentwereheld.Afterdueconsideration,QueenVictoriafinallydecidednotto

carryoutthedeathsentence,butinsteadsentencedthemtospendtherestoftheirlivesinthepenal

colonies（罪犯流放地）ofAustralia.

Thischangeofsentencewasfortunateforeveryone,becausetheninemenallwentonto

becomeprominentleaders.OnehadabrilliantcareerinUnitedStatedpolities,andhisson

becamemayor（市長）ofNewYorkCity.Another,TomMcGeebecameamemberofthe

CanadianHouseofCommons.TwoothersbecomebrigadiergeneralsduringtheUnionAmyinthe

CivilWar.RichardQ'GormonbecamegovernorgeneralofNewfoundland.TomMeagherbecame

governorgeneralofAustralia,andMichaelIrelandsucceededhiminthatoffice.

ThesuccessofallofthenineyoungmeneventuallycametotheattentionofQueenVictoria

inacuriousway.In1871shefoundherselfdealingwiththeninthman,thenewlyelectedprime

ministerofAustralia.ItwasCharlesDuffy,apersonwhomshehadsavedfromhanging.Whenshe

herdofthesuccessoftheothers,sherealizedthatbycheatingthehangmanshehadenriched

humanity.

1.WhydidQueenVictoriafinallychangethedeathsentence?

A.Thenineyoungmenwerefamouspeople.

B.Thejudgedidnotfollowthelegalprocess.

C.Thepublicwasstronglyopposedtothesentence.

D.QueenVictoriathoughtthenineyoungmenwerenotguilty.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prominent,,inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Creative.B.Wealthy.C.EnergeticD.Important.

3.WhobecamegovernorgeneralofAustralia?

A.TomMcGee.B.RichardO'Gormon.

C.MichaelIreland.D.CharlesDuffy.

4.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A.TheQueen'sdecisionenrichedhumanity.

B.Victoriasetfreenineprisoners.

C.ProtestsagainstthepunishmentmadeVictoriachangethesentence.

D.Nineprisonersweresparedtheirlivesandbecamesuccessfulleaders.

（D）

A63-year-oldChinesecarpenter'straditionalskillshavebecomeanunexpectedInternethitas

hecreateswoodworkwithasinglepieceofwood,withoutglue,screwsornails.WangDewen,

knownas“GrandpaAmu,,onYouTube,hasbeenpraisedasthemoderndayLuBan,awell-known

ChinesestructuralengineerduringtheZhouDynasty,thankstohisrichcarpentry（木工手藝）

knowledge.

GrandpaAmu'smostpopularvideo,whichshowshimmakingadelicatewoodenarchbridge,

hasgoneviralonYouTube,gainingmorethan40millionviews."Ifyoudosomething,youhave

toloveit,andyouhavetobeinterestedinit；however,beinginteresteddoesn'tmeanthere's

onlyhappinessandnopain.°GrandpaAmusharedwhentalkingabouthisexcellentcarpentry

skills.

Hismostpopularworksincludeafoldingstool,amodeloftheChinapavilionfromthe2010

ShanghaiExpo,andanapple-shapedinterlockingpuzzle,knownasaLuBanlock.GrandpaAmu

followsanancientChinesemortiseandtenon（樺卯）technique,whichmeansnonailsorglueare

involvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.

Themastercarpenterhasalsomadeseveralwoodentoysforhisgrandsonusingthesame

technique.Hisyounggrandson'sfavoritesincludeawalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowing

machine.Attractingover1.17millionfansonYouTube,GrandpaAmu'svideossofarhavegained

morethan200millionviews.

Hiswonderfulwoodworkingskills,using.thesamemortiseandtenonjointsfoundinthe

ForbiddenCity,weredevelopedfromtheageofthirteenasawayofsupportinghisfamilyinEast

China'sShandongProvince."Thegrandsonissohappy?astherehavebeensomanyfineand

uniquetoysmadebygrandpafromanearlyage,"commentedonenetizen；whileanothersaid

"It'samazing.Ihopethesetraditionalcraftscanbepassedon!^^

1.WhyisGrandpaAmuregardedasthemodemdayLuBan?

A.Forhissimplewords.B.Forhispopularvideos.

C.Forhiscarpentryskills.D.Forhisexcellentarchbridge.

2.WhatdoGrandpaAmu'sremarksmeaninParagraph2?

A.Theoryisfrompracitce.B.Successdependsonlove.

C.Excellentskillslieinhardwork.D.Happinesscomesfrominterest.

3.WhatistheuniquefeatureofGrandpaAmu'scraftworks?

A.Nonailsorglue.B.Delicatedesign.

C.Theappleshape.D.Thewoodenmaterial.

4.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?

A.Beingpopularmeansmorefans.

B.Perfectskillseammoremoney.

C.Supportingfamilyneedsmoreskills.

D.Traditionalcraftsdeservepassingon.

(E)

Severalyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,

itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocovertheweb

camerasandmicrophones.

Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,

recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogramsmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.

Yourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivate

informationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto"provide

authorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime^^.

Inmyopinion,thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstape

camerasandmicrophonesduetothelackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhow

malware(惡意軟件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcesto

monitorallvictimsusingcamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtoyetanyinformation,theygetit

bysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchavirus

willfindwhattosteal-frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,

browserhistory,bankaccountsandmuchmore.

Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenif

thedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesof

thesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit.weliveinanerawhenitisextremely

difficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestrugglefor

yourprivacy.

Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantmalwareinyourdevice.Toprevent

malwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Use

strongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankingaccounts.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them"inparagraph2referto?

ACamerasB.Types

CProgramsD.Devices.

2.WhatisNSOGroup

Agroupofhackers

BAcompanydevelopingspyware.

C,Agroupofterroristsandcriminals.

DAcompanyfightingagainstcrime.

3.Whydoestheauthorthink"theprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated^^?

A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices

B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers

C.Ithardlypreventsmalwarefromgettingprivacy.

D.Itcan'tcoverthecamerascompletely.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

AProtectingprivacyondevices.

BRisingtrendofusingtapes

CMonitoringdevicesviacameras

DAvoidingclickingdistrustfullinks

(F)

Longbeforetheyfoundtheirwayintolivingroomsaround,theworld,computerswerethe

belongingsofinstitutesandcorporateheadquarters.Afterall,thehugeandheavymainframesofthe

1960smighteasilyfillaroomoftheirown.

Theinventionofthemicroprocessor—Intel's4004wasthefirsttobemadecommercially

availablein1971—changedallthat.Manufacturerswerefinallyabletoproducemachinessmall

enoughtofitintocustomers*homes.Yet,thequestionwas：Couldfirmspersuadepeopleto

actuallywantonethere?

Thestoryofhowcomputersenterourhomesisnotoneoftechnology,butoneofmarketingand

design,accordingtowriterandjournalistAlexWiltshire,whosenewbook,HomeComputers：

100IconsthatDefinedaDigitalGeneration,tellstheindustry'searlyhistorythroughitsmost

influentialmodels."Thetechnologywasalreadyinexistence,'*hesaidinaphoneinterview.nBut

whatwasimportantwastheideaofputtingitintoaformthatcouldbeboughtandeasilyused.v

TheveryfirstmodelsinWiltshire'sbookwereaimedathobbyistsandindustryinsiders.These

so-called“kit”computersperfbnnedonlybasicfunctions.Butthearrivalofuser-friendlymachines

liketheCPET2001andAppleIIin1977weresignsofaturningpoint.

"Therewasamassivechangearoundtheideaof'Whatifthesecomputerswerepackaged,

presentedanddesignedinaformthatanyonecoulduse?’—thattheywouldn'trequirepeopleto

learncomputerlanguages,ortodevoteseveralroomsoftheirhouses,"Wiltshiresaid."Whatifthere

weretheseobjectsthatpeoplecouldbuyofftheshelfandjustplugintotheirTVs?Thatwasthe

momentthattheideaofa'homecomputer*wasborn,anditwasabsolutelydowntodesign.”

1.WhatcanwelearnfromAlex'sbook?

A.Technologyf