牛津譯林版7BUnit3語法及知識點

Grammar名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系、所屬關(guān)系、動作執(zhí)行者及動作承受者等意義時常需用所有格形式||。名詞所有格也稱為屬格、主格||，它主要包括's所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三種表現(xiàn)形式||。定義：表示有生命的東西的名詞及某些表示時間、距離、星球、世界、國家等無生命的東西的名詞后加’s來表示所有關(guān)系||，叫做名詞所有格||。名詞所有格的用法：一、名詞+’s（主要用于有生命的事物）1、單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾加’s構(gòu)成所有格例如：Jimmy’sbook（吉米的書）Jane’sschoolbag（簡的書包）Children’sDay(兒童的節(jié)日、六一兒童節(jié))Wuhan’ssummerisveryhot.(武漢的夏天非常熱||。)2、復(fù)數(shù)名詞以-s結(jié)尾的只需要加’構(gòu)成所有格||。例如：Twins’fatherisMr.Brown.(雙胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生||。)二、名詞+of+名詞如果名詞是無生命的||，我們通常就要用名詞+of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系||。例如：Abagofmine=mybag(我的書包)Thenameofthegirl=thegirl’sname(女孩的名字)Thewindowofthebedroom=thebedroom’swindow(臥室的窗戶)三、特殊所有格若一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有||，則后一個人名用所有格；如果不是兩人共有||，而是各有各的||，則兩個名詞都用所有格||，且其后名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)||。例如：ThisisTomandJim’sroom.這是湯姆和吉姆共有的房間||。TheseareTom’sandJim’srooms.這些是湯姆和杰森各自的房間||。步行一個半小時的路程：四．'s所有格所修飾的詞的省略現(xiàn)象（1）表示診所、店鋪或某人的家等地點名詞||，其名詞所有格后的被修飾語常常省略||。例如：Imetheratthedoctor's（office）．我在診所遇見了她||。Hehasgonetothetailor's（shop）．他到服裝店去了||。（2）名詞所有格所修飾的詞||，如果前面已經(jīng)提到過||，往往可以省略||，以免重復(fù)||。例如：Whosepenisthis？It'sTom's．這是誰的鋼筆？是湯姆的||。Thebikeisnotmine||，butWangPinpin's．這輛自行車不是我的||，是王品品的||。雙重所有格及其用法's所有格和of所有格兩種所有格形式結(jié)合在一起||，構(gòu)成"of＋所有格"形式||，即雙重的所有格||。它通常表示部分觀念||，即全體中的一部分||，在意義上與"oneof．．．"相似||，它主要修飾of短語之前的那個名詞||。此外||，雙重所有格與指示代詞連用時||，常帶有感情色彩||，如贊賞、不滿、厭惡等||。它的主要形式如下：名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞||。例如：agoodfriendofmine我的一個好朋友aninterestingstoryofhis他的有趣的經(jīng)歷名詞＋of＋'s所有格||。例如：Heisafriendofmysister's．（＝oneofmysister'sfriends）他是我姐姐的一個朋友LookatthatlongnoseofJack's．看杰克的那個長鼻子||。（感情色彩）試比較：apictureofXiaoZhangapictureofXiaoZhang's不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、某些不定代詞（some||，any||，many||，no||，few等）以及which等限定詞||，一般不與形容詞性物主代詞或's所有格等一起放在名詞前修飾名詞||，而采用of所有格或雙重所有格形式||。例如：mostofthestudents學(xué)生中的大多數(shù)threeofthem他們中的三個人Ihavereadsomebooksofhis．我讀過他的一些書WhichbookofQiongYao'shaveyouread？你讀過瓊瑤的哪一本書？'s所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三者之間的細(xì)微區(qū)別請仔細(xì)比較下面三句話：SheisMary'sbrother'sfriend．SheisafriendofMary'sbrother．SheisafriendofMary'sbrother's．人稱代詞和物主代詞人稱代詞人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格：作主語||，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了||。Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent||，too.We/You/Theyarestudents.人稱代詞賓格作賓語||，表示動作行為的對象||，一般放在動詞后面||。Giveittome.Let’sgo(let’s=letus)二、物主代詞數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs則相單于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞||，故其后不必加名詞||。如：Isthisyourbook?No||，itisn’t||，it’shers(herbook)||，Jim’s||，Tom’s||，Maria’s練習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空：1.

__________

is

my

aunt.

We

often

visit

__________.(she)2.

China

is

a

developing

country.

_________is

in

the

east

of

Asia.(its)3.I

own

a

blue

bike.

The

red

one

isn’t

__________.(I)4.

These

new

houses

are

so

nice.

__________

are

very

expensive.(them)5.

The

fishermen

caught

a

lot

of

fish||，

didn’t

__________?(them)6.

Ling

Ling

is

a

girl.

____

studies

in

a

primary

school.

______

brother

lives

with

____

and

helps

____

with______lessons.(she)7.

Mike

is

my

classmate.

____

is

good

at

English

.(his)8.

Kate

wants

a

glass

of

milk.

Will

you

pass

it

to

____

?(she)9.

What’s

the

weather

like

today

?

____

is

cloudy.(its)二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空

1.

I

ate

all

____

sandwiches

yesterday.(I)

Can

I

have

one

of

____

?(you)2.

George

has

lost

____(his)

pen.

Ask

Mary

if（是否）she

will

lend

him

____

.(she)3.

Jack

has

a

dog

and

so

have

I.

____

(he)dog

and

____(I)

had

a

fight

(打架).4.

The

teacher

wants

you

to

return

that

book

of

____

(he)5.

Mr.

and

Mrs.

Green

and

a

friend

of

____

are

coming

to

see

us.(they)6.

We

are

going

to

Paris

to

stay

with

a

French

friend

of

____

.(we)三、用括號中的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Are

these

________（you）pencils? Yes||，

they

are

________（our）.2.—Whose

is

this

pencil? —It’s

________（I）.3.I

love

________（they）very

much.4.She

is________（I）classmate.5.Miss

Li

often

looks

after________（she）brother.6.—Are

these

________（they）bags

？—No||，

they

aren’t

________（their）.

They

are

________（we）Neil’smotheriscallinghimfromtheUK.Call動詞叫||，呼喚例：馬上叫個醫(yī)生來||。稱……為例：他的朋友叫他鮑勃||。名詞打電話||，通話例：Tim||，有你的電話MrWuisaskingAmywhichthingsbelongtowhichpeople.belongto意為“屬于……”||，后接某人或人稱代詞賓格||。如：Thiskeyringbelongstome.這個鑰匙圈是我的||。注意：belongto后不能使用名詞所有格或物主代詞||，且belongto不可用于進(jìn)行時||。如：這車屬于她||。They’reallovertheplace.allover遍及遍及全中國遍及全世界瞧||。大廳里到處都是瓶子||。Integratedskills1Hereistheposter.以here開頭的句子||，如果主語是名詞||，則用倒裝語序||，連系動詞是用is還是are取決于后面的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)||。例：有張卡片給你||。注意：當(dāng)主語是代詞時||，不用倒裝語序||。Heretheycome.他們來了；hereitis它在這里；hereyouare給你2GotoHuangjiWorksofart藝術(shù)品Work作品||，著作可數(shù)名詞工作、勞動不可數(shù)名詞（與job）It’sabout40minutesbybus.Itis+所需時間+（fromStoB）by+交通工具/onfoot表示“（從A地到B地）距離”句型||。也可表示成：Itis+所需時間名詞的所有格+walk/ride/drive(+fromAtoB)例：從蘇州到南京開車大約兩個小時||。（兩種方式）Studyskills1However||，thewordsarenotequallyimportant.然而||，單詞并不都同等重要||。However副詞||，不過||，然而有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義可位于句首、句中或句末||，用逗號將句子分隔||。But連詞||，可位于句首、句中||，后面連接一個句子時無需逗號||。例：我的房間雖小||，但是很舒服||。2Iamtalkingaboutabookshop||，notanotherkindofshop.Another另一個||，再一個后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)||，通常指用于三者或三者以上人或物中的另一個||。區(qū)分other||，theother||，others||，theothers||，anotherothertheotherotherstheothersanother例如：——Oh||，thetrafficissoheavy.———Let’schange_______routetotheairport.AotherBothersCtheotherDanotherTask1I’mgoingtoshowyouaroundmyhometown.showsbaround帶領(lǐng)某人參觀show及物動詞給….看給某人看某物名詞展覽展出花展例Peterwill_____you_____thebuildingandyoucanmeeteveryone.AleadtoBshowaroundCcomparewithDbrushoff2cansmelltheflowersandhearthebirds.我可以聞花香聽鳥兒唱歌||。（1）smell動詞||，意為“聞；嗅”||，后接名詞作賓語||。如：Smellitandtellmewhatitis.你聞聞看||，告訴我是什么||。（2）smell還可以用連系動詞||，后常接形容詞作表語||。如：Dotheseflowedsmellsweet?這花聞起來香嗎？（3）hearsbdosth意為“聽見某人做某事”||。如：Ioftenhearhersingintheroom.我經(jīng)常聽見她在房間唱歌||。（4）hearsbdoing意為“聽見某人在做（一個正在進(jìn)行的動作）”||。如：Iheardsomeonelaughingintheroom.我聽見隔壁房間里有人在笑||。除hear外||，see、watch、feel、notice等動詞也有同樣的用法||。例：Theair____freshaftertherain.Andtheskyisblue.AfeelsBtastesCsmellsDsounds3Sometimeswerowaboatthere.Sometimes副詞有時==attimes區(qū)分sometimes、sometimes、sometime、sometimesometimessometimessometimesometimeTheyareallfriendly.friendly形容詞友好的對某人友好befriendlytosb.===bekindtosbbefriendlywithsb“和某人關(guān)系好”或“某人要好”||，指的是兩者的關(guān)系Ihopeyoucancomeandvisitsoon!Hope及物動詞希望||，用于表示可能實現(xiàn)的愿望||，其后接動詞不定式做賓語||，即hopetodosth||，表示希望做某事||。若要表達(dá)“希望…….”||，則需要用“hopethat+從句”wish也是希望、祝愿的意思||。wish做動詞祝愿某人某事wishsbsth；希望（某人）做某事wish(sb)todosth；表示難以實現(xiàn)的愿望wishthat+從句||。做名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)||，表示祝愿||。向你致以美好的祝愿！根據(jù)句意及相關(guān)提示寫出正確的單詞1.Somefarmersinmytownr___________cowsandmakealotofmoney.2.–Whatdoyouthinkofthecake?--Its___________good.3.Howfastheisd___________thecar!It’ssodangerous.4.On___________(woman)Day||，mymotheroftengoesshoppingwithherfriends.5.Wemustlearntoreadourbooks____________(quiet)inthelibrary.6.Ioftengototheshoppingmallwithmyparents__________(two)aweek.7.These___________(student)hometownisnearthecapitalof_________(they)country.8.Thegirlinawhitedressisafriendof_________(he).用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空1..MrLiteaches_____________(I)English.2.MrLiteaches______________(I)sisterEnglish.3.__________(they)areourteachers.Whereare__________(you)?4.Hershoesarenextto__________(I).___________(she)areverynice.5.______________(Simon)fatherisgoodatEnglish.6.---WhereisMike?----HeisinourMaths____________(teacher)office.7.Myfavouritefestivalis________________(child)Day.8.Excuseme||，butIcan’tfind____________(man)room.9.Canyoutellmethewayto_________________(people)Park?10.Iwilltell______________assoonas____________(he)comesback.11.____________loves___________(she)notebookverymuch.12.Wewanttoborrow_______________storybookfrom______________(you).1.Ittakesabouttwentyminutes______________(get)tothecenterofthetown.2.Whynot____________(visit)ourlocaltheatrewithus?3.We’rehappy___________(invite)youtoafarewellpartyforourfriends.4.Doesyourbrotherenjoy____________(eat)Chinesefood?5.---________you__________(try)tolearnBeijingopera?-----Yes||，Iam.6.Whatwillyoudowhenyou_____________(be)freetomorrow?7.There___________(be)anewbridgeovertheChangjiangListen||，someone_________(sing)Beijingoperainthepark.---_______they_______(have)aChristmaspartynextweek?---Yes||，theyare.Ourschool________(plan)atripeveryterm.Thistermwe_______(go)toSuzhou.Whowouldliketoteachus_________(ride)