新人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修四unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

Unit1ScienceFiction目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯閱讀單詞1．ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒謬的；荒唐的2．a(chǎn)bsurdadj.荒謬的；荒唐的3．laddern．梯子；階梯4．whereasconj.然而；但是；盡管5．rumourn．謠言；傳聞6．presumevt.&vi.假定；假設(shè)7．faren．車費(fèi)；船費(fèi)；飛機(jī)票價(jià)8．a(chǎn)lienn．外星人(生物)；外國(guó)人adj.陌生的；外星的；外國(guó)的9．blurredadj.模糊不清的；難以區(qū)分的10．inactionn．無(wú)行動(dòng)；不采取措施11．bonusn．意外收獲；獎(jiǎng)金；紅利12．nailn．指甲；趾甲；釘子vt.(用釘子)釘牢；固定13．suspendvt.懸；掛；暫停；暫緩14．grammen．克(重量單位)15．venuen．活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地(如音樂(lè)廳、會(huì)場(chǎng)等)16．paneln．控制板；儀表盤(pán)；專家咨詢組17．inchn．英寸(長(zhǎng)度單位，等于2.54厘米)18．handkerchiefn．手帕；紙巾19．levern．操縱桿；杠桿20．gripvt.&vi.緊握；抓緊21．hazyadj.模糊的；朦朧的；困惑的22．puffn．(煙、氣等的)一縷；少量；喘息23．joltn．震動(dòng)；搖晃；顛簸vt.&vi.(使)震動(dòng)；搖晃24．flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻轉(zhuǎn)；(用手指)輕拋25．stunvt.使震驚，使昏迷26．overstatementn．夸大；夸張27．IsaacAsimov艾薩克·阿西莫夫28．Braille(alsobraille)布拉耶盲文(凸點(diǎn)符號(hào))29．TheThree-BodyProblem《三體》30．HugoAward雨果獎(jiǎng)重點(diǎn)單詞1．fictionn．小說(shuō)；虛構(gòu)的事2．integrityn．誠(chéng)實(shí)正直；完整；完好3．dignityn．莊重；莊嚴(yán)；尊嚴(yán)4．salaryn．薪水；薪金5．saleswomann．女售貨員；女推銷員6．dismissvt.讓(某人)離開(kāi)；解散；解雇；消除7．weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊8．chairwomann．女主席；女董事長(zhǎng)；女委員長(zhǎng)9．flourn．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉10．salesmann．售貨員；推銷員11．superioradj.更好的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；(在級(jí)別或重要性上)更高的12．labourn．勞動(dòng)(者)；體力勞動(dòng)vi.奮斗；努力工作13．leathern．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套14．backwardsadv.向后；倒著；往回15．niecen．侄女；外甥女16．fetchvt.(去)拿來(lái)；(去)請(qǐng)來(lái)17．lampn．燈；臺(tái)燈18．pacen．速度；步伐；節(jié)奏vt.&vi.確定速度；調(diào)整節(jié)奏19．randomadj.隨機(jī)的；不可思議的20．maximumadj.最大極限的n.最大量；最大限度詞匯拓展1．a(chǎn)ppointmentn．預(yù)約；約會(huì)；委任→appointvt.任命；委派；指定；約定2．guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過(guò)失的→guiltn．內(nèi)疚3．declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布→declarationn．宣稱；聲明4．calculatevt.計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測(cè)→calculatorn．計(jì)算器→calculationn．計(jì)算5．divisionn．分開(kāi)；分隔；差異；除(法)→dividevt.分開(kāi)；分散；分配；分享6．urgen．強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦→urgentadj.緊急的；急迫的7．explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→explosionn．爆炸；(感情)爆發(fā)；激增8．mudn．泥；泥漿→muddyadj.泥濘的重點(diǎn)詞組1．testout檢驗(yàn)；測(cè)試2．morelike更像是；更接近3．ona...basis根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))4．prosandcons事物的利與弊；支持與反對(duì)5．superiorto比……更好；更勝一籌6．takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管；接手7．conflictwith與……沖突或抵觸8．turnout關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場(chǎng)；使朝外；結(jié)果是9．fallaway(逐漸)減少；消失10．haveanurgeto有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事重點(diǎn)句型1．Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她一轉(zhuǎn)身，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。2．Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她聽(tīng)到他說(shuō)第二天不想離開(kāi)她，他感覺(jué)他不僅僅只是想取悅她。3．Itwasatteno’clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.今天十點(diǎn)鐘，第一臺(tái)時(shí)間機(jī)器開(kāi)始投入使用。4．Lookingaround，Isawmylaboratoryexactlyasbefore.環(huán)顧四周，我看到我的實(shí)驗(yàn)室和從前一模一樣。5．ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.這感覺(jué)就像我在一條蜿蜒的路上疾馳。知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講知識(shí)點(diǎn)01guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過(guò)失的先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Whatgreatlystunnedmewasthathewasguiltyacrimeandwasputinprison.(2)IfeltguiltymyconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.【答案】1.of2.for/at/about?beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...對(duì)/為……感到內(nèi)疚/有愧?guiltn．內(nèi)疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行再提能力——完美寫(xiě)作·一句多譯·背誦(3)她說(shuō)：“可是我已經(jīng)欺騙了我奶奶”，臉頰上流下了內(nèi)疚的淚水。①“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))知識(shí)點(diǎn)2urgen．強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Itisstronglyurgedthatallthelamps(turn)outduringthenight.(2)AfterIhavereceivedmybonus，Ihaveastrongurge(buy)manysciencefictions.(3)Mybossurgedme(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.＝MybossurgedthatI(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.【答案】1.(should)beturned2.tobuy3.tocalculate，(should)calculate?have/feelanurgetodosth.有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事?urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事?urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的再提能力——完美寫(xiě)作·一句多譯·背誦(4)家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該積極督促孩子利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)參加戶外活動(dòng)。①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgesb.todo)②Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildren(should)takeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgethat...)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3ona...basis根據(jù)；以……的方式基準(zhǔn)先練基礎(chǔ)——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Theytestoutthemachinearegularbasisincasetheremaybesomethingwrongwithit.(2)Onthebasisthesefacts，wecanconcludethattheridiculousrumorwasspreadbymyniece.【答案】1.on2.ofonaregularbasis例行地；有規(guī)律地；定期地onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onthebasisof/that...以……為基礎(chǔ)再提能力——完美寫(xiě)作·詞匯升級(jí)·背誦(3)(簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá))Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingeveryday，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingonadailybasis，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管；接手takeoff起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takein包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留takeup占去；占據(jù)；開(kāi)始從事根據(jù)句意用take短語(yǔ)的正確形式完成下面語(yǔ)段Afterthefirmfromhisfather，Tomsomescientificideasandsomeexperiencedandhard-workingworkers，whichsuggestedthathisfirmwouldsoon.Tomheldthestrongbeliefthathisfirmwouldanewlookinthenearfuture.【答案】1.takingover，tookin，tookon，takeoff，takeon知識(shí)點(diǎn)5turnout關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場(chǎng)；使朝外；結(jié)果是先練基礎(chǔ)——一詞多義寫(xiě)出下列句子中turnout的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Heturnedouttobeguiltyofhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.結(jié)果是(2)Keepinmindthatyoumustturnoutthelampinyourroomwhenyouleave.關(guān)掉；熄滅(3)Thebossdeclaredthatallthestaffmustturnoutforthemeeting.出席；在場(chǎng)(4)ThefactoryturnedouttwiceasmanyTVsetsthisyearaslastyear.生產(chǎn)；制造turndown拒絕；關(guān)??；調(diào)低turnin上交turnover翻身；移交；轉(zhuǎn)變turnto求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向turnup出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高再提能力——完美寫(xiě)作·完成句子/單句寫(xiě)作·背誦(5)所有的候選人必須在截止日期前交上申請(qǐng)表和相關(guān)材料。Allthecandidatesmustturnintheapplicationformsandrelevantmaterialsbeforethedeadline.(6)有如此多的數(shù)學(xué)難題要解決，我必須向我的老師求助。Withsomanydifficultmathproblemstohandle，Imustturntomyteacherforhelp.(7)你最好按時(shí)出現(xiàn)，或者比約定的時(shí)間早幾分鐘。Youhadbetterturnuppunctuallyorafewminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.知識(shí)點(diǎn)6morethan多于，超過(guò)；不僅僅；非常先練基礎(chǔ)——一詞多義寫(xiě)出下列句子中morethan的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)Sheboughtmorethantenhandkerchiefsandtwopairsofleathershoesatatime，whichmadehermotherexplodewithanger.多于；超過(guò)(2)Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.非常(3)Heismorethanmyteacher；heisalsomyfriend.不僅僅?morethan＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過(guò)；不止”，相當(dāng)于overmorethan＋名詞，意為“不只是；不僅僅……”，相當(dāng)于notonlymorethan＋形容詞/副詞，意為“非常，很”，相當(dāng)于very?moreAthanB與其說(shuō)B不如說(shuō)A再提能力——完美寫(xiě)作·語(yǔ)段填空·背誦(4)Iwouldbemorethandelighted(我會(huì)非常高興)ifyoucouldcomeandjoininmybirthdaypartyat7p．m.nextFridayatmyhome.Therewillbemorethantenfriends(將會(huì)有十幾個(gè)朋友)．Thepartyismorethanforfun(派對(duì)不僅僅是為了玩)；itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.知識(shí)點(diǎn)7修辭之明喻在讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)中的運(yùn)用ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.這感覺(jué)就像我在一條蜿蜒的路上疾馳。在讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)中可以適當(dāng)采用明喻這一修辭方法，增加故事情節(jié)的生動(dòng)性。明喻主要采用like，as。能力提升——完美寫(xiě)作·完成句子·背誦(1)當(dāng)他聽(tīng)我們談?wù)撠S富多彩的生活時(shí)，他的笑容燦爛得如寶石一樣閃閃發(fā)光。Whenheheardustalkingaboutthecolorfullife，thesmileonhisfaceshonelikeadiamond.(2)它在溫柔低語(yǔ)，就像一個(gè)小女孩對(duì)她的母親私語(yǔ)一樣。Itmurmuredinasoftvoicelikealittlegirlwhisperingtohermother.(3)湯姆病得很厲害，不能去聚會(huì)。Tomwasassickasadog，andcouldn’tgototheparty.語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法精講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，一種是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一種是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。[觀察例句]1．ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.2．Alltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow.3．Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman，anditwasdisturbing.4．Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.5．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.[歸納用法]1．例句1中的黑體詞部分為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是was/weregoingto＋be＋done。2．例句2中的黑體詞部分為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是has/have＋been＋done。3．例句3中的黑體詞部分為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是was/were＋being＋done。4．例句4中的黑體詞部分為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是is/are＋done。5．例句5中的黑體詞部分為動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)形式，其構(gòu)成是to＋be＋done。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成和用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其變化形式與系動(dòng)詞be的完全一樣。下面以do為例列舉各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋done一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were＋done一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will/am/is/aregoingto＋be＋done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would/was/weregoingto＋be＋done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are＋being＋done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋being＋done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋been＋done過(guò)去完成時(shí)had＋been＋done將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/will＋have＋been＋done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)should/would＋have＋been＋doneEveryoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。Somevolunteerswillbesenttotheremotevillagetohelpimprovetheeducationthere.一些志愿者將被派往那個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊來(lái)幫助提高那里的教育水平。Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.收音機(jī)上正在播英語(yǔ)課程。Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個(gè)月底這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)已經(jīng)完成。[即學(xué)即練1]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thetourists(accompany)byaguidewhentheytravelledinBeijing.②He(envy)bymanymen，becausehehasabighouse，acarandagoodfamily.③Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts(reward)withsuccessintheend.二、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1．否定詞not的位置在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.聽(tīng)到不會(huì)獲得博士學(xué)位，他沮喪到了極點(diǎn)。2．“get＋過(guò)去分詞”也表被動(dòng)Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我們進(jìn)入大廳時(shí)被擠散了。3．“be＋過(guò)去分詞”并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be，feel，seem，look等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某種狀態(tài)。I'minterestedinmathematics.我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎對(duì)自己的工作不滿意。4．某些情況用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義有些動(dòng)詞如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，常和副詞well，easily，smoothly等連用，且通常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)一般是表物的詞，且這些物往往具有某種內(nèi)在的特點(diǎn)，這些句子的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Thedoordoesn'topeneasily.門不容易打開(kāi)。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那種自行車好賣。5．動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是不可分割的，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人經(jīng)常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介詞at)[即學(xué)即練2]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Asweallknow，thispen(write)smoothly.②I(take)goodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.【答案】1.writes2.wastaken三、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞與其是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式一般使用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)式可分為一般式和完成式。構(gòu)成意義一般式tobedone表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作完成式tohavebeendone表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作1.動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式的句法功能(1)作主語(yǔ)Sometimestobeunderstoodisnotaneasyjob.有時(shí)被人理解并不是一件容易的事。[名師點(diǎn)津]①動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。Itisanhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒講話，真是一件榮幸的事。②單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Tobeadoptedbyakeyuniversityisdifficultforhim.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取是困難的。(2)作表語(yǔ)Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.這項(xiàng)工作要到下個(gè)月才能完成。(3)作賓語(yǔ)Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求給他再試一次的機(jī)會(huì)。(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hewantedtheboytobepunishedfortellinglies.他想讓那個(gè)男孩因說(shuō)謊而受到懲罰。(5)作定語(yǔ)Heisnotamantobedefeatedeasily.他不是一個(gè)容易被打敗的人。(6)作狀語(yǔ)Sheissentabroadtobetrained.她被送到國(guó)外培訓(xùn)。[即學(xué)即練3]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①It'simportantforthefigures(update)regularly.②We'vehadagoodstart，butnext，moreworkneeds(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.③Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.【答案】1.tobeupdated2.doing/tobedone3.tobesolved2．不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有許多事要做。(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系)對(duì)比：I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?我要去郵局。你有信要寄嗎？(post與主語(yǔ)you之間不存在主謂關(guān)系，只和前面的letter構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)(2)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難計(jì)算出來(lái)。(3)在too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.這本書(shū)太貴，我買不起。(4)betoblame常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?誰(shuí)應(yīng)為放火受責(zé)備？[即學(xué)即練4]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thechairiscomfortable(sit)on.②Thedriveris(blame)fortheaccidenthappeningjustnow.③Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard(operate)．④Wehavefourreadingpassages(complete)inthecomingholiday.【答案】1.tosit2.toblame3.tooperate4.tocomplete四、動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。(一)動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)形式的構(gòu)成形式用法一般式beingdone被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingbeendone被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourschoollibrary.正在建造的那座大樓將是我們學(xué)校的圖書(shū)館。Havingbeeninvited，Mr.Liwenttheretogiveaspeechthoughhewasbusy.李先生受邀去那兒做演講，盡管很忙，但他還是去了。[即學(xué)即練5]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①(warn)abouttyphoon，thefishermensailedforthenearestharbor.②Thequestion(discuss)nowhassomethingtodowithnature.【答案】1.Havingbeenwarned2.beingdiscussed(二)動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)形式的用法動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)式在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。Shedoesn'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad.(作賓語(yǔ))她不記得曾被給過(guò)出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。You'llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在討論這個(gè)話題。BeingselectedChairmanofthestudents'unionmadehimfeelproud.(作主語(yǔ))被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席，他很自豪。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.(作狀語(yǔ))被告知多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Whatmadehisparentshappywashisbeingadmittedtoafamousuniversity.(作表語(yǔ))讓他父母高興的是他被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbereopenedtovisitorsnextyear.(作定語(yǔ))正在維修的博物館明年將開(kāi)始接待訪客。[名師點(diǎn)津]在動(dòng)詞-ing被動(dòng)式前加否定副詞not便可構(gòu)成其否定形式。Tonywasvenyunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.(作賓語(yǔ))托尼因未受邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)甚為不滿。Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.(作主語(yǔ))不被允許出去，他非常生氣。[名師點(diǎn)津]beingdone，tobedone與done作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別tobedone作定語(yǔ)一般表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作；done表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作；beingdone表示被動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Theproblemtobediscussed(＝whichwillbediscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上將要討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。Theproblemdiscussed(＝whichwasdiscussed)atthemeetingis