新探索研究生英語(基礎(chǔ)級(jí))讀寫教程參考答案Language-focus

Unit1IdentityAcademicexploration1LanguagefocusVocabularylearningtraitn.aparticularqualityinsb.’scharacter特性、品質(zhì)ascribev.~sth.tosb./sth.tobelievethatsth.orsb.hasaparticularquality認(rèn)為……是……toclaimthatsth.iscausedbyaparticularperson,situation,etc.把…歸因于siblingn.abrotherorsister兄弟，姊妹affiliationn.theconnectionorinvolvementthatsb.orsth.haswithapolitical,religious,etc.organization.(與政治、宗教等組織的)聯(lián)系，從屬關(guān)系multilingualadj.using,speaking,writteninseveraldifferentlanguages使用多種語言的；以多種語言表達(dá)的stubbornadj.determinednottochangeyourmind,evenwhenpeoplethinkyourarebeingunreasonable.固執(zhí)的，頑固的，執(zhí)拗的rivalryn.(pl.rivalries)asituationinwhichtwoormorepeople,teams,orcompaniesarecompetingforsth.,esp.overalongperiodoftime,andthefeelingofcompetitionoverthem(尤指長(zhǎng)期的)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)賽，較量fostervt.tohelpaskill,felling,idea,etc.developoveraperiodoftime促進(jìn)，培養(yǎng)，助長(zhǎng)WordsinuseShesaidexactlywhatshethought,withoutthinkingabouttheconsequence.Ingeneral,shynessisapersonalitytraitthatispartlybiologicalandpartlyenvironmental.Internationaltravelhasgrowntothepointthatmanyhotelsfinditnecessarytoemploymultilingualstaffmembers.IcanonlyascribetheuncommonbehaviorofthestrangersImeettomybeingaforeigner.Ihavecategorizedmysocialmediacontactsintofamily,closefriends,andworkcolleagues.Thecityhopeshistoricdistrictswillfosterasenseofcommunity,whichcanbelackinginyoungandfast-growingplaces.Laughingatthesamejokewouldhelpustoshowaffiliationwithothers,andthismaybewhyitisespeciallyinfectious.Onceyougraduatefromschool,you’llstarttofeelfiercerivalryasyoucompeteforagoodjob.TranslationAlthoughsustainedsiblingrivalrycanresultinbehavioralproblemsandissueswithrelationship-buildinglaterinlife,milderformshavebeenshowntohaveabeneficialimpactondevelopmentinchildhood.雖然持續(xù)的手足之爭(zhēng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子在以后的生活中出現(xiàn)行為問題和關(guān)系構(gòu)建方面的問題，但溫和的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已被證明有利于兒童的發(fā)展Confirmation

bias

is

the

tendency

of

people

to

favor

information

that

confirms

theirexisting

beliefs

or

hypotheses.確認(rèn)偏誤是指人們傾向于偏好能證實(shí)自己已有的信念或假設(shè)的信息We

all

have

the

potential

for

stubborn

tendencies,

but

in

people

with

a

strong

fear

of

change,

stubbornness

can

become

a

dominant

pattern.我們都可能有固執(zhí)的傾向，但在那些強(qiáng)烈害怕改變的人身上，固執(zhí)可能成為一種主導(dǎo)模式The

view

of

self

in

a

profession

consists

of

beliefs,

values,

motives,

and

experiences,

which

are

used

to

define

and

guide

individual

growth

and

practice。職業(yè)中的自我觀由信念、價(jià)值觀、動(dòng)機(jī)和經(jīng)歷構(gòu)成，它們被用來定義和指導(dǎo)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和事件Academicexploration2LanguagefocusVocabularylearningcorrelationn.aconnectionbetweentwoideas,facts,etc.,esp.whenonemaybethecauseoftheother相互關(guān)系；關(guān)聯(lián)；因果關(guān)系temptvt,tomakesb.Wanttohaveordosth.,eventhoughtheyknowtheyreallyshouldnot誘惑，引誘，誘使co-workern.sb.whoworkswithyouandhasasimilarposition同事，同僚procrastinatevi.todelaydoingsth.thatyououghttodo,usu.becauseyoudonotwanttodoit耽擱，拖延self-esteemn.thefeelingofbeingsatisfiedwithyourownabilities,andthatyoudeservetobelikedorrespected自遵（心）WordsinuseThesurveywasdistributedtoover1000people,butunfortunately,onlyabouthalfoftheparticipantscompleteditcorrectly.Isthereanycorrelationbetweengenderandpersonalitytraits.WhenIdon’tunderstandsomethingevenaftertheteacherhasexplainedittwice,Ifeelfrustrated.4.Thispsychologyjournalhasaninterestingarticleaboutaverycomprehensivestudycarriedoutonagroupof500volunteers.5.Theapplicantwasratedveryhighintechnicalskills,butratherlowinsocialskills.6.Theresultsofmyresearchsuggestedthatidentityisimportantinallculturesintheworld.7.Fast-foodchainswilltemptyouwithmoreefficienttakeoutoptions.8.Sharingfamilyphotosintheworkplacehelpsco-workersbecomeandremainconnected.Translation1.Thescopeofthestudywasbroad:ittookintoaccountsuchvariablesasage,gender,hoursperweekspentonline,andyearsofonlineuse.這項(xiàng)研究的范圍很廣：諸如年齡、性別、每周上網(wǎng)時(shí)間和網(wǎng)齡等變量均被考慮在內(nèi)。2.Iwassurprisedbytheoutcomeofthestudy,whichsuggestedthatthemajorityofpeopleexaggeratedinformationaboutthemselves,heldinformationback,andinsomecases,evenpostedinformationthatwasn’ttrue.研究結(jié)果顯示大多數(shù)人都會(huì)夸大與自己相關(guān)的信息，隱瞞信息，在一些情況下甚至?xí)l(fā)布不實(shí)信息，這一結(jié)果讓我感到驚訝。3.Peoplemayprocrastinatewhentheyareconfusedbythecomplexityofataskorwhenthey’reoverlydistractedorfatigued.當(dāng)人們對(duì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)感到困惑時(shí)，注意力不集中或太過疲勞時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)拖延。4.Eachperson’sexperienceisdifferent,butoverthecourseofthelifespan,self-esteemseemstoriseandfallinpredictable,systematicways.雖然每個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷不同，但在人的一生中，自尊心似乎以可預(yù)測(cè)的、系統(tǒng)性的方式起伏。Unit2Academicexploration1LanguagefocusVocabularylearningcraftsmann.sb.whoisveryskilledataparticularcraft工匠；手藝人potteryn.objectsmadeoutofbakedclay陶器ceramicsn.1theartofmakingpots,bowls,tiles,etc.,byshapingpiecesofclayandbakingthemuntiltheyarehard.陶瓷工藝2thingsthataremadethisway陶瓷制品aestheticn.asetofprincipalsaboutbeautyorart美學(xué)原則（理論）humilityn.thequalityofnotbeingtooproudaboutyourself-usethistoshowapproval謙遜謙恭beadn.oneofasetofsmall,usu.Round,piecesofglass,woodplastic,etc.Thatyoucanputonastringandwearasjewellery.珠子，小珠WordsinuseTraditionalJapaneseideasofbeautycontainnotionsthatmayseemquiteforeigntoWesterners,whonamethem‘’Japaneseness.’’Chineselandscapepaintingsarenotthekingofartthatmerelyimitatenaturebutexpressestheartist’sheartandmind.WehavefullydescribedthishistoricalincidentofJapaneseartherebecauseithasanimportantbearingonJapanesephilosophy.OneofthetraditionalChinesevaluesishumility,referringtothequalityofbeinghumble,thequalityofnotthinkingthatyouarebetterthanotherpeople.Discoveredanobviousdesignflaw,hisnewwork,abuildinginaScottishcity,hasbeenridiculedbypeopleonsocialmedia.Morethan2,000yearsago,LuBan,themostfamouscraftsmanofChina,solvedmanyarchitecturalproblems.Wedesignedthree-andfour-storeyhouses,combiningamodernaestheticwithahighlevelofsustainability.Somesocialmediacompaniesaredeliberatelyattractinguserstotheirproductsforfinancialgain.Translation1.Wabi-sabiisanEasternphilosophythatreferstotheabilitytoseethebeautyinimperfections,whichmanifests(顯現(xiàn)，顯露)itselfbothindailylifeactivityasmakinghomepottery,andinspiritualexperienceofopeningupinnervisionsthatcanchangealife.“侘寂”是一種東方哲學(xué)，指的是在缺陷中看到美的能力。這種能力既體現(xiàn)在制作家用陶器這樣的日?；顒?dòng)中，又體現(xiàn)在打開心胸以改變生命的精神體驗(yàn)中。2.Xieyi(寫意)isalooserstyleofChinesepainting,usuallyusedinlandscapes,featuringexaggeratedformsandexpressingtheartist’spersonalityandcharacter.“寫意”是中國(guó)畫中更隨意的一種繪畫風(fēng)格，常常用在山水畫的創(chuàng)作中，特點(diǎn)是形式夸張，表達(dá)藝術(shù)家的個(gè)性特征。3.OriginatinginChina,theearliestporcelains(瓷器)usedaspecialtypeofclayandatypeofgranite(花崗巖)whileearlyEuropeanversionsusedclayandglass.最早的瓷器起源于中國(guó)，用一種特殊的陶土和花崗巖制作而成，而早期歐洲的瓷器則使用陶土和玻璃。4.TheJapaneseartofkintsugiteachesthatbrokenobjectsarenotsomethingtohidebuttodisplaywithpridebecausethevalueofpotteryisactuallyenhancedthankstoits"scars."日本的“金繼”藝術(shù)告訴我們，碎裂的物品不用藏起來，可以驕傲示人，因?yàn)檎恰皞邸碧嵘颂掌鞯膬r(jià)值。Academicexploration2LanguagefocusVocabularylearningcraftsmanshipn.thespecialskillthatsb.Usestomakesth.beautifulwiththeirhands手藝；工藝；技藝handcraftedadj.skillfullymadebyhand,notbymachine手工做的plankn.alongnarrowpieceofwoodenboard,usedesp.formakingstructurestowalkon(厚）木板，板條artistryn.skillinaparticularartisticactivity藝術(shù)技巧；藝術(shù)才華carvevt.tomakeanobjectorpatternbycuttingapieceofwoodorstone雕，刻WordsinuseItisentirelytruethatnoartworkcansatisfyeveryone.Theartistryofthisclockoffersathoughtfulmarriageofformandfunction.Somemoderndesignersbelievethatwell-designedbuildingsshouldbefunctionalaswellasbeautiful.AnimportantinventionoftheancientChinesepeoplewasthatofafine,delicateitemknownasporcelain.Myparentscan’tjudgetheiroldhomerealistically.Theyhavearomanticimpressionofit,andthinkit’sbetterthanitreallywas.Itrustthattheaboveobjectionswillbetakenfullyintoaccountindeterminingwhichdesigntouse.TranslationThemechanicaladvantageofamachineistheabilitytoworkefficientlyandeffectively,especiallytodotasksthataredifficultforhumanssuchasliftingthickplanksorpushingheavythings.機(jī)器的機(jī)械優(yōu)勢(shì)在于能快速有效地工作，尤其是做人工很難完成的事情，比如舉起厚木板，或者推動(dòng)重物。Althoughtheydidnotintendtoharmthelocaltraditions,whathappenedineffectwasthedisappearanceoftraditionalcraftsmanship.雖然他們并非有意傷害當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)，但事實(shí)上傳統(tǒng)手工藝消失了。Keepingongoodtermswithlocalpeoplewillhelpthecompanytosurviveoverseas.和當(dāng)?shù)厝吮３至己藐P(guān)系能幫助公司在海外立足。Whetheracquiredbytradeorbygift,thesehandcraftsweretreasuredthroughouttheMiddleAges(中世紀(jì))asmarvelsofimaginativecraftsmanshipandwereoftenimitated.這些手工藝品無論是通過貿(mào)易還是饋贈(zèng)獲得，在中世紀(jì)都被視為極具想象力的手工藝珍寶，常常被模仿。Unit3Academicexploration1LanguagefocusVocabularylearningpandemicn.adiseasethataffectspeopleoveraverylargeareaorthewholeworld流行病，大流行病，瘟疫propagatevt.tospreadanidea,belief,etc.tomanypeople傳播，散播，宣傳（觀點(diǎn)、信仰等）WordsinuseThefollowingstandardoperatingproceduremustbefollowedbyalllaboratoryworkerswherelaboratoryworkinvolveshazardouschemicals.Currentliteratureprovidesadequateevidencethatintensivelifestylemodificationscouldlowertheincidenceofdiabetesandcardiovascular(心血管的）diseases.Inthehospital,everypatientispotentiallyatriskofacquiringandtransmittinginfectiousdiseasestootherpatientsandhealthcareworkers.Immunizationprovidesthechiefdefenseforchildrentosurvivedeadlydiseases.PeoplemaybeinfectedbytouchingsomethingcontaminatedbytheCOVID-19virusandthentouchingtheirownmouth,nose,oreyes.Expertsacrosstheglobepredictthattherewillbeanotherviralpandemicsoonerratherthanlater.Thegovernmenthaslaunchedaseriesofprogramstopropagateknowledgeabouttherecentpandemicoutbreakandpreventivemeasuresagainstit.ObesityoccurswhentoomuchfatisdepositedinthebodyduetoanimbalanceofEnergyintakeandconsumption.Translation1.Mostpeoplewithhealthyimmunity(免疫力)arenoteasilyaffectedbybacteriaontheskin,butpeoplewithaweakenedimmunesystemaremoreatrisk.大多數(shù)免疫力良好的人不容易受到皮膚上的細(xì)菌的影響，但是免疫系統(tǒng)較弱的人面臨感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。2.Globallyhealthcareprofessionalsareconvincedthattechnologieslikepersonalhealthmonitoringdeviceswillplayavitalroleincreatingapositivehealthcarefuture.全球醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士堅(jiān)信，諸如個(gè)人健康監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備之類的技術(shù)將發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用，為醫(yī)療保健創(chuàng)造一個(gè)光明的未來。3.Notably,earlyriskdetectionontheoutbreakoftheinfectiousdiseasewillhelptoimposetimelyandeffectivepublichealthmeasurestopreventitsspread.值得注意的是，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)疫情風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，有助于采取及時(shí)有效的公共衛(wèi)生措施，防止疫情蔓延。4.Medicalresearchersproposedanewdiseasecategoryofskindisorders.醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員提了一種新的皮膚病類別。5.Furtheranalysisrevealedsignificantdifferencesbetweenthecontrolgroupandthetreatmentgroup.進(jìn)一步的分析顯示，對(duì)照組和治療組之間存在顯著差異。Academicexploration2LanguagefocusVocabularylearningcatastrophicadj.causingalotofdestruction,suffering,ordeath災(zāi)難性的，毀滅性的diminishv.tobecomeormakesth.Becomesmallerorless(使）減少。（使）減小pharmaceuticaladj.relatingtotheproductionofdrugsandmedicines制藥的predominantlyadv.mostlyormainly在很大程度上，主要地vaccinen.asubstancewhichcontainsaweakformofthebacteriaorvirusthatcausesadiseaseandisusedtoprotectpeoplefromthatdisease.疫苗closuren.theactofclosingorthestateofbeingclosed關(guān)閉；封閉detrimentaladj.causingharmordamage有害的，不利的demographyn.1themakeupofaparticularhumanpopulation人口組成2thestudyofhumanpopulationsandthewaysinwhichtheychange,forexamplethestudyofhowmanybirths,marriagesanddeathshappeninaparticularplaceataparticulartime人口學(xué)，人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)WordsinuseInpastdecades,thefieldofcardio-oncology(腫瘤心臟病學(xué))haspredominantlyfocusedonpreventionandtreatmentofcardiovasculardiseaseincancersurvivors.2.Amongthemanytypesofcatastrophicmedicalmistakesthatoccur,surgicalerrorscanbethemostdreadful.3.Severalmodelshavebeenproposedtoexplainthechangingdemographyofchronicdiseasesofaffluence,suchascardiovasculardisease.4.Thegel(凝膠)quicklycoatsthepointofbleeding,resultinginthephysicalclosureofthebrokenbloodvessel.5.Itnormallytakesyearstodesignamanufacturingprocessanddevelopanewvaccineordrug.6.Chronic,prolonged(持久的)stresscanbedetrimentaltoouroverallhealthifleftuntreated.7.Governmentsshouldmakelawstoguaranteethemanufacturinganddeliveryofurgentlyneededpharmaceuticalproductsusedtotreatemergingthreats.8.Mostconsumersprefereatingcookednutsasopposedtorawalthoughcookingdiminishestheirhealthbenefits.TranslationCarryingexcessweighthasanadverseconsequenceforone’shealthandincreasestheriskofhealthproblems.超重會(huì)給一個(gè)人的健康造成不良后果，并增加健康問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。。Themainobjectivesofthisreformweretoreducehealthexpenditureforpatients,andimprovethequalityofhospitalservices.這次改革的主要目標(biāo)是減少病人的醫(yī)療開支，提高醫(yī)院的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。Itisestimatedthatby2050,therewillbenearly13.8millionAmericansage65andolderthatwillsufferfromAlzheimer’s(阿爾茨海默病).據(jù)估計(jì)，到2050年，將有近1380萬65歲及以上的美國(guó)人患阿爾茨海默病。Thegovernmentfundedanewmediacampaigntoraisepeople’sawarenessandconcernaboutautism(自閉癥).政府資助了一項(xiàng)新的媒體宣傳活動(dòng)，以提高人們對(duì)自閉癥的認(rèn)識(shí)和關(guān)注。Unit4Academicexploration1LanguagefocusVocabularylearningapproximatelyadv.moreorlessthananumberoramount大約，大概linguisticallyadv.Inawaythatrelatestolanguage,words,orlinguistics語言學(xué)方面discriminationn.thepracticeoftreatingonepersonorgroupdifferentlyfromanotherinanunfairway.歧視enforcevt.tomakepeopleobeyaruleorlaw執(zhí)行，實(shí)施（法律）urbanizationn.theprocessofcreatingcitiesortownsincountryareas城市化dedicatedadj.1.sb.whoisdedicatedworksveryhardatwhattheydobecausetheycarealotaboutit滿腔熱枕的，有奉獻(xiàn)精神的2.（onlybeforenone)madefororusedforonlyoneparticularpurpose專用的dedicatevt.1togiveallyourattentionandefforttooneparticularthing致力于，獻(xiàn)身于2touseaplace,time,money,etc.onlyforaparticularpurpose把...專用于reversevt.tochangesth.,suchasadecision,judgement,orprocesssothatitistheoppositeofwhatitwasbefore推翻，徹底改變（決定、判決、過程等）WordsinuseIfwecanembraceculturaldiversitywheninteractingwithothers,wewillbeabletobuildbridgestotrust,respect,andunderstandingacrosscultures.Nolanguageissuperiortoanother.Alllanguagesareequalnomatterwhethertheyarespokenbythemajorityornot.Theworldhasexperienceddramaticurbanizationinrecentdecadesasmoreandmorepeoplemovetocitiesforbetterjobsandopportunities.Minoritylanguagesneedtobeprotectedinordertobeabletosurviveintheprocessofglobalization.Thedesiretoengageinhands-onactivitiestosolveproblemsinnovativelyisthehallmark(特征)ofapassionateanddedicatedscientist.Themosteffectivewaytoprotectalanguageistograntitaspecialstatus.Commerceaffectsmanydecisions.Themajorityofbusinessmenarefocusedoneconomicsuccess.Thedistributionofanimalscanbeimproved.Someendangeredanimalscouldbereintroducedtoareastheyoncelived.TranslationEarlychildhoodeducatorsfacehugechallengeswhentheyworkwithchildrenandfamiliesfromculturallyandlinguisticallydiversebackgrounds.有多元語言文化背景的兒童和家庭會(huì)給幼兒教育工作者帶來巨大挑戰(zhàn)。Stronggovernmentcommitmentandleadershipareneededtoenforceeffectivemeasurestoprotectculturalheritagefrommultiplethreats.要保證有效舉措得以實(shí)施，需要政府的充分投入和強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，從而使文化遺產(chǎn)免受各種威脅。Linguistsstudiedapproximately37,000wordsacrossfivedifferentlanguages(English,Spanish,Dutch,German,andPolish)tofigureouttheconnectionbetweenthesoundsthatwerepronouncedandtheemotionsthatwereexpressedinallfivelanguages.語言學(xué)家對(duì)五種語言（英語、西班牙語、荷蘭語、德語和波蘭語）中的約37000個(gè)單詞進(jìn)行了研究，以分析這些語言的發(fā)音和所表達(dá)的情感之間的聯(lián)系。Inaflipped(翻轉(zhuǎn)的)class,thetraditionalteachingprocessisreversedwithclasstimededicatedtodiscussion-basedactivities,whereaslearnersconstructtheirownknowledgeoutsideoftheclassroom.在翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂中，傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)過程被翻轉(zhuǎn)，課堂時(shí)間主要用來開展討論活動(dòng)，而構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系的任務(wù)由學(xué)習(xí)者在課外完成。Experiencesofdiscriminationcantriggernegativeemotionsthatcanleadtoalteredphysiologicalreactions,whichcanincreasetheriskofpoorhealth.受到歧視會(huì)引發(fā)負(fù)面情緒，這種情緒會(huì)導(dǎo)致生理反應(yīng)發(fā)生變化，增加損害健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Academicexploration2LanguagefocusVocabularylearningextinctionn.whenaparticulartypeofanimalorplantstopsexisting滅絕，絕種extinctadj.anextincttypeofanimalorplantdoesnotexistanymore滅絕的，絕種的conservationn.theprotectionofnaturalthingssuchasanimals,plants,forests,etc.,topreventthemfrombeingspoiledordestroyed(動(dòng)植物、森林等的）保護(hù)intrinsicallyadv.Inanessentialornaturalway本質(zhì)上ecosystemn.alltheanimalsandplantsinaparticulararea,andthewayinwhichtheyarerelatedtoeachotherandtotheirenvironment生態(tài)系統(tǒng)exacerbatevt.tomakeabadsituationworse使惡化；使加重WordsinuseHumanactivitieslikethewidespreaddestructionoftreesandplantscandisrupttheenvironment.Possiblesolutionstofoodshortageincludeenhancingagriculturaltechnologies,reducingfoodwaste,andimprovinglandmanagement.Someanimalsareabletosurviveandthriveafteracatastrophe(災(zāi)難)becausetheyhavequalitiesthatmakethemadaptableandcompetitiveintoughconditions.Somepeopleargueitisnaturalforanimalstodieoutbecausetheycannotsurvivethemodernworld.Doyouagree?Whenoneanimalisoverhunted,itwillaffectwhattheotheranimalseatbecauselotsofdifferentanimalsarelinkedtogetherthroughthefoodchain.Whichhabitatisbestforthewildlifeinyourcountry:mountain,desert,jungle,orsomethingelse?Somepeoplebreeddogstoperformspecifictasks,suchashunting,herding,andguarding.Electronicwastehasbeenregardedasoneofthegreatestthreatstoourplanet.TranslationOngoingurbanizationhasthepotentialtoexacerbatebeedeclines,unlessmeasuresaretakentomakesureappropriatefloral(花卉的)resourcesareavailable.持續(xù)的城市化有可能會(huì)加劇蜜蜂數(shù)量減少的問題，除非采取措施確保有可用的花卉資源。Aresearchindicatesabout100to2,500birdspeciesmaygoextinctduetoclimatechange,dependingontheseverityofglobalwarmingandhabitatloss,andontheabilityofbirdstofindnewhomesasrisingtemperaturesforcethemtohigherelevations(海拔)wherethereislessornohabitat.一項(xiàng)研究表明，氣候變化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致大約100到2500種鳥滅絕，其決定因素包括全球變暖和棲息地喪失的嚴(yán)重程度，以及隨著氣溫上升，鳥類被迫遷往棲息地較少或沒有棲息地的高海拔區(qū)域時(shí)，是否有重新安家的能力。Somespecieslackthetraitsneededtoachievedominanceacrossarangeofhabitatsatallwhichwouldmakethemintrinsicallysubordinate(從屬的).有些物種缺乏在一片棲息地中占據(jù)支配地位所需的特性，這使它們?cè)诒举|(zhì)上處于從屬地位。ThankstotheChinesegovernment’snationalconservationprogramforthegiantpandaanditshabitat,thenumberofpandareserveshasalreadydrasticallyincreased.中國(guó)政府制定的國(guó)家大熊貓及其棲息地保護(hù)計(jì)劃使大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)的數(shù)量大幅增加。Unit5Academicexploration1LanguagefocusVocabularylearningethicaladj.1relatingtoprinciplesofwhatisrightandwrong關(guān)于倫理的2morallygoodorcorrect合乎道德的；道德上正確的illegaladj.notallowedbythelaw非法的，違法的representativen.sb.whohasbeenchosentospeak,vote,ormakedecisionsforsbelse.代表，代理人maintainv.tomakesth.Continueinthesamewayoratthesamestandardasbefore保持；維持ultimatelyadv.Finally,aftereverythingelsehasbeendoneorconsidered.最后，最終controversialadj.causingalotofdisagreement,becausemanypeoplehavestrongopinionsaboutthesubjectbeingdiscussed.引起爭(zhēng)議的，有爭(zhēng)議的provisionn.whenyouprovidesth.thatsb.needsnoworinthefuture提供，供給；預(yù)備evasionn.whenyoudeliberatelyavoiddoingsth.thatyoushoulddo,orpayinganamountofmoneythatyoushouldpay回避，逃避WordsinuseThegovernmenthasintroducedaninitiativetofightagainsttaxavoidance.Corporateorganizationsshouldberesponsibleforthebehavioroftheiremployees.Thisinstituteaimstoimprovebusinessethicsandencouragehighstandardsofbusinessbehaviorbasedonethics,butithasnocontroloverhowcompaniesactuallybehave.Inanidealsituation,noonewoulddoanythingillegal.Theywouldallfollowthelaw.Ultimately,itisuptotheindividualtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.Thisreportdiscussesthepoliciesdevelopedatthenationalleveltoimprovetheprovisionofchildcarefacilities.Thecurbsonbigcompaniessuggestgovernmentsarebeginningtoreinin(約束)giants,andtheirevasionofresponsibilitymaybecomingtoanend.Generally,aparentorguardianofaminorchild(未成年子女)isregardedasthe“personalrepresentative”oftheminorchild.TranslationRegulationsaremadeaftertakingintoconsiderationthewholepublicatlarge,andsotheymustbefollowedbythem.Violationofanyregulationmaycauseseverepunishment.法規(guī)是在考慮大眾整體的基礎(chǔ)上制定的，所以必須為全體大眾所遵守。違反任何法規(guī)的行為都可能受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰。Managementdefinestheframeworkforhoworganizationalcultureaffectsemployees,customersandhowanorganizationdealswithethicalissues.公司管理在總體上決定了公司文化如何影響員工和客戶，以及一個(gè)公司如何處理倫理問題。Nowadays,multidimensionalpeacekeepingoperationsarecalledupontomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity.當(dāng)下，需要多維度的維和行動(dòng)來維持國(guó)際和平與安全。Whilewearemindlesslypostingourlivesonline,ourdataisshared,traded,andusedbytechcompanies,whichcreatesgrowingcontroversialissuesconcerningtheethicsofdigitaldatacollection.當(dāng)我們毫不在意地將個(gè)人生活發(fā)布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上時(shí)，我們的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)為科技公司所共享、交易和使用，這在數(shù)據(jù)收集的倫理問題上引發(fā)了越來越多的爭(zhēng)議。Academicexploration2LanguagefocusVocabularylearningcreditn.approvalorpraisethatyougivetosb.forsth.theyhavedone贊揚(yáng)；贊許misdemeanorn.abadorunacceptableactionthatisnotveryserious不當(dāng)行為，不檢點(diǎn)行為issuev.ifanorganizationorsb.inanofficialpositionissuessth.suchasdocumentsorequipment,theygivethesethingstopeoplewhoneedthem(組織或官員）發(fā)給，分發(fā)（文件、設(shè)備等所需之物）motivatorn.sth.orsb.thatmakesyouwanttodoorachievesth.起激勵(lì)作用的事（人）促進(jìn)因素；動(dòng)力declarev.tostateonanofficialgovernmentformhowmuchmoneyyouhaveearned,whatpropertyyouown,etc.申報(bào)(收入、財(cái)產(chǎn)等）perfumen.aliquidwithastrongpleasantsmell,usu.madefromoilstakenfromflowersorspicesandoftenusedontheskinorclothing香水evadev.toavoidpayingmoneythatyououghttopay,forexampletax規(guī)避，逃避（納稅等）WordsinuseWhencompaniesrecruitnewemployees,theyshouldnotonlytakethecandidates’professionalcapacitiesintoaccount,butalsoevaluatetheirpersonalcharacter.Acompanynormallywouldupdatetheemployeehandbookannuallyinordertobetterregulateemployeebehaviorandconductatwork.Evenifinsomecasesanemployee’sintentionsaregood,hisorherbehaviorcanstillberecognizedasunethical.Thecompanywillissueanidentitycardtoeverynewemployeeattheveryfirstworkingday.Thecompanymightruntheriskofbeingsued(起訴)astheyhavefailedtocorrectlycalculateanddeclaretheamountoftaxaccordingtotheapplicablelaw.Oneoftheclausesinthecontractsaysthatemployeesarestrictlyforbiddentorevealanyinformationabouttheclients.Despitethefactthatcompanieswouldusuallystatetherelevantrulespubliclyandclearly,therearestilloccasionalviolations.TranslationWhatmighthinderacompany’sdevelopmentarenotnecessarilythoseillegalactsofcompanyemployees,butmisdemeanorssometimeshappeningwithoutbeingnoticed..阻礙一家公司發(fā)展的不一定是職員的違法行徑，而是一些有時(shí)甚至不為人所注意的不端行為。Individualsorentitiesbeingconvicted(判定…有罪)ofevadingtaxescouldbepunishedwithsubstantialpenaltieswhichmightincludefinesandasentenceofmonthsorevenuptoyears.被判偷稅罪的個(gè)人或?qū)嶓w會(huì)受到包括罰款以及數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年監(jiān)禁在內(nèi)的重大處罰。Scholarshavedefinedacorporatemoralcodeasasetofstandardsusedtoguidethebehaviorofbothemployeesandcompany.學(xué)者們將企業(yè)道德規(guī)范定義為一整套用來指導(dǎo)員工和公司行為的準(zhǔn)則。Somepeopletreatrewardsasthemostpowerfulmotivatorsthathelpinregulatingonesbehaviorandemotionsintheworkplace.一些人將獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)看作最強(qiáng)有力的激勵(lì)因素，能夠幫助規(guī)范個(gè)體在職場(chǎng)的行為和情緒。Unit6AcademicexplorationLanguagefocusVocabularylearningbiodegradableadj.materials,chemicals,etc.thatarebiodegradablearechangednaturallybybacteriaintosubstancethatdonotharmtheenvironment可生物降解的，能進(jìn)行生物降解的obsoleteadj.nolongeruseful,becausesth.newerandbetterhasbeeninvented廢棄的，淘汰的；過時(shí)的devastatingadj.badlydamagingordestroyingsth.毀滅性的，破壞力極強(qiáng)的predecessorn.amachine,system,etc.thatexistedbeforeanotheroneinaprocessofdevelopment(機(jī)器、系統(tǒng)等的）前身radioactiveadj.aradioactivesubstanceisdangerousbecauseitcontainsradiation具有放射性的biomedicaladj.relatingtohowbiologyaffectsmedicine生物醫(yī)學(xué)的infancyn.1thetimewhensth.isjuststartingtobedeveloped初期，初創(chuàng)期2theperiodofachild’slifebeforetheycanwalkortalk嬰兒期revolutionizevt.tocompletelychangethewaypeopledosth.orthinkaboutsth.使徹底變革，給......帶來革命WordsinuseManynewproductsaredevelopedtotrytotackleaproblemthatexists.Adevastatingeventsuchasatsunami(海嘯)canendangerthousandsoflives.It’sarevolutionarymaterialthatcoulddramaticallychangehundredsofdifferentareas.Manytechnologicaldevelopmentseventuallybecomeobsoleteasnewproductsemerge.Manypeoplefiltertapwatertomakeittastebetter.Aparticleisatinyelementthatispartofanatom,suchasanelectron,proton(質(zhì)子),orneutron(中子).Scientistsandproductdevelopersoftenlookatthepropertiesofnewmaterialsandhowtheycanbeusedindifferentways.Muchresearchisdonetoimprovetheefficiencyofthingsthatalreadyexist.Translation1.Theuseofbiodegradableplasticsthatcanbreakdownnaturallycanreducetheaccumulationofenvironmentallypersistentplasticwastes.使用能自然分解的生物降解塑料可以減少那些對(duì)環(huán)境有長(zhǎng)期影響的塑料廢物的聚積。2.Smaller,lighter,andnimbler(更靈活的)thanitspredecessors,thenewlydesignedroboticarmcanbeprogrammedtoperformawidevarietyoftaskswithgreataccuracy.新設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器人手臂比之前的版本更小、更輕、更靈活，能在程序控制下精準(zhǔn)地執(zhí)行各種各樣的任務(wù)。3.Whennewtechnologiesreachamaturestageatwhichthey