定陶縣2023年考研《英語一》考前沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷含解析

定陶縣2023年考研《英語一》考前沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Iwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedtobeinher60s.Whenitwasherturntopay,thecashier(收銀員)1herbynameandaskedherhowshewasdoing.Thewomanlookeddown,shookherhandandsaid,“Notsogood.Myhusbandjustlosthisjobandmy2sonisuptohisoldtricksagain.Thetruthis,Idon’tknowhowI’mgoingto3theholidays.”Thenshegavethecashierfoodstamps.Myheart4.Iwantedtohelpbutdidn’tknowhow.ShouldIofferto5hergroceriesoraskforherhusband’ssituation?6Iwalkedintotheparkinglot,Ispottedthewomanreturninghershoppingcart.IrememberedsomethinginmypursethatIthoughtmighthelpher.Itwasn’tahandfulofcashoran7ofajobforherhusband,butmaybeitwouldmakeherlife8.MyheartbeatfasterasI9thewoman.“Excuseme,”Isaid,myvoicetremblingabit.“Icouldn’thelpoverhearingwhatyousaidtothecashier.Itsoundslikeyou’regoingthroughareally10timerightnow.I’msosorry,butI’dliketogiveyousomething.”Itookasmallcardoutofmypurseand11ittoher.Whenthewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords,shebegantocry.Andthroughher12,shesaid,“Youhavenoideahowmuchthis13tome.”Iwasalittle14byherreply.Havingneverdoneanythinglikethisbefore,Ididn’tknowwhatkindof15Imightreceive.AllIcouldthinktorespondwas,“Oh!WoulditbeOKtogiveyoua16?”Afterwehugged17,Iwalkedbacktomycar—andbegantocrytoo.Thewordsonthecard?“YouMatter.”Afewweeksearlier,acolleaguegavemeasimilarcardas18foraprojectIwasworkingon.WhenIreadthecard,Ifelta19glow(喜悅)spreadinsideofme.Deeplytouched,IcamehomeandorderedmyownboxofYouMattercardsandstarted20them.1、A．chargedB．greetedC．recognizedD．heard2、A．confidentB．independentC．hopelessD．stubborn3、A．thinkaboutB．giveupC．goonD．getthrough4、A．a(chǎn)chedB．failedC．beatD．paused5、A．sendforB．provideforC．payforD．begfor6、A．AsB．ThoughC．UnlessD．Since7、A．excuseB．offerC．experienceD．opinion8、A．harderB．wealthierC．simplerD．better9、A．touchedB．foundC．passedD．a(chǎn)pproached10、A．happyB．toughC．regularD．long11、A．handedB．showedC．spreadD．explained12、A．thanksB．fearsC．tearsD．beliefs13、A．bringsB．meansC．valuesD．contains14、A．worriedB．excitedC．movedD．shocked15、A．reactionB．feelingC．expressionD．a(chǎn)nswer16、A．presentB．promiseC．hugD．ride17、A．wildlyB．tightlyC．a(chǎn)nxiouslyD．eagerly18、A．progressB．effortC．encouragementD．praise19、A．warmB．richC．softD．fierce20、A．gatheringB．enjoyingC．preparingD．sharingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons—forexample,economicreasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebeenplacedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.Aslongasthebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominate(影響)itssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilt(破壞)theareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange.Althoughwehavetorespectpeople’sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.1、Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthistoricalbuildingsinthefirstparagraph?A．Someofthemarenotattractive.B．Mostofthemaretooexpensivetopreserve.C．Theyaremorepleasingthanmodernbuildings.D．Theyhavenothingtodowiththehistoricfeelofanarea.2、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?A．Weshouldreproducethesameoldbuildings.B．Buildingsshouldnotdominatetheirsurroundings.C．Someoldbuildingshavespoilttheareatheyarein.D．Nooneunderstandswhypeoplespeakagainstnewbuildings.3、By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“_______”.A．destroyoldbuildingsB．putthingsinadifferentplaceC．choosenewarchitecturalstyleD．respectpeople'sfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings4、Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainwhypeopledislikechange.B．Toarguethatmodernbuildingscanbebuiltinhistoricareas.C．Towarnthatwecouldenduplivingincaves.D．Toadmithownewbuildingshaveruinedtheirsurroundings.Text2Thehemlock(鐵杉)treesalongtheWappingerCreek,NewYork,lookhealthy.However,scientistGaryLovettsaysthewhiteballswhichprovideprotectionforthebugsarecreatedbyatinyinsect.It’shardtobelievethetinybugcouldkillatree.However,treescanendupwithmillionsandmillionsofthepests.Whentherearethatmany,itendsupkillingthetree.ThebugfromEastAsiaisslowlykillingtreesacrosstheUSA．Thetrouble－makingbugisjustoneofmanyinvasive(入侵的)peststhathaveslippedintotheUnitedStates.Theycanhurtotherlivingthingsintheirnewhome.Manyinvasivepestsarriveonwoodenpalletspiledinsideshippingcontainers.Theysupportandseparategoods,andkeepthemfromslidingaround.Invasivepestsoftentunnelintothepallets.Howcanwestoppestsfromridingonpallets?Lovettsaysnewrulesareneeded.Thecompaniesthatmakepalletsdon’twantmorerules.Congresshasaddedanamendment(修正案)inthe2018FarmBilltotryandpreventthisproblem.However,Lovettisnothopefulitwillmakemuchofadifference.Palletsarecheckedbyinspectors.Manyaresprayedwithbug－killingpesticide.“Ibelieveinthesystem，”saidBrentMcClendon,presidentofTheNationalWoodenPalletandContainerAssociation.Healsosaidshippingcontainersarecheckedverycarefully.Still,eachyear13millioncontainersareshippedtotheU.S.Eachisfullofwoodenpallets.Lovettsays:“Inspectorscan’tpossiblycheckeverything.Allittakesareafewbadpallets;weshouldgetridofwoodenpallets.”Hebelievespalletsshouldbemadeofplasticoreco－compositewood.Eco－compositewoodisamixofwoodfiberandplastic.Insectscannothideintoit.Oneproblemisthatthesechoicescostmore.Theymaybeworththeextramoney,though.InvasivepestscosttheU.S.$5billionayear.Treesdon’tjustdieinforests.Theyalsodieincitiesandouryards.Then,theyneedtobereplaced.Thatcostsmoney,too.1、AllthestatementsareTRUEexceptthat________.A．pesticidehasbeenappliedtobug－killingB．thecompaniesmakingpalletsdon’twantmorerulesC．invasivepestshideinpalletsusedinshippingD．invasivepestsarenativetoWappingerCreek2、Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Bugswon’tbotherthetreeifjustinfewnumbers.B．Bugsruintheshippinggoodsslowly.C．Bugscanbeeasilyspottedbyeyes.D．Bugscovertreeswithwhitesoftballsforprotection.3、WhydoesGaryLovettwanttogetridofwoodenpallets?A．Becauseinsectsmostlydieinthem.B．Becausetheyarethemajorpestcarriers.C．Becausetheyarenotworthextramoney.D．Becauseplasticpalletsareeco－friendly.4、Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Congresscontributesalottodealingwithinvasivepests.B．Effectivemeasureshavestoppedthepestinvasion.C．InvasivepestsareharmingplantsintheUSA．D．EcosystemintheUSAispoorlydamagedbyinvasivewoods.Text3OversevenmonthshavepassedsincePanamanianofficialslaunchedanexpansionoftheworldfamousPanamaCanal.Officialsagreedtotheexpansionsothatmanyoftheworld’slargestcargoships(貨船)couldeasilypassthroughthecanal.Yetthe$5.25-billionprojecthasproblems.Itsaysshipsstillcontinuetorubagainstthecanal’swallsandwearoutitsdefensesdesignedtoprotectbothshippingandthewaterway.AdangeroussystemThecanallinkstwooceans-theAtlanticandthePacific-throughasystemoflocks(船閘).Thelocksarelikesteps.Theyraiseandlowershipsfromonepartofthewaterwaytoanotherontheirtripfromoceantoocean.Withtheoldlocks,whicharestillinuse,largeshipswouldbetiedtopowerfulenginesonbothsides.Theseengineshelptokeeptheshipsinthecenterofthecanal.Inthenewlocks,theshipsaretiedtotugboats(拖船).Onetugboatistiedtothefrontoftheship,withtheothertiedtotheback.Theseboatsthenguidetheshipsthroughthecanal.Atfirst,pilotsofthecargoshipsandtugboatoperatorswouldsometimestrytorubtheboatsagainstthecanalwallsasawaytokeeptheshipsstraight.Butthiscauseddamagetorubberpadding(墊料)liningthewalls.NotenoughtrainingEvenbeforetheexpandedcanalopenedinJune2016,tugboatoperatorshadexpressedconcernaboutthenewsystem.Manyaskedformoretraining.Thefearsanddangersremain,althoughtheboatsaregoingthrough.ThePanamaCanalAuthorityreportsthat,betweenJune2016andJanuary2017,therewereonly15incidentsthatresultedindamagetolocksorships.Thatrepresentsabout2percentofthe700timesshipsthathavesailedthroughtheexpandedcanal.Pilotshavearguedtheyshouldbereplacedwithasystemoffloatingbumpers(減震)likethoseusedinsomeEuropeanlocks.Officialssaytheyplantocontinueoperatingwiththecurrentsystemofdefenses,butchangescouldhappeninthefuture.1、WhatisthemainproblemwiththenewlyexpandedPanamaCanal?A．IthascosttoomuchmoneytobuildB．Theoperatorsofthetugboatsfeartoworkinit.C．Itistoocrowdedforthelargestshipstopassthrough.D．Itstillbringsdamagetothepassingshipsanditsowndefenses.2、Whatisthedifferencebetweenthenewlocksandtheoldones?A．Theoldlocksdon’tneedrubberpaddingasdefenses.B．Thenewlocksneedtugboatstiedtobothsidesoftheships.C．Thenewlocksareeasierforthelargestshipstopassthroughthecanal.D．Theoldlocksneedpowerfulenginestodragtheshipsthroughthecanal.3、WhatisthePanamaCanalAuthority’sattitudetowardstheexpandedcanal?A．Cautious.B．Critical.C．Positive.D．Doubtful.4、Whatcanwelearnaboutthecurrentsystemofdefenses?A．Noshipsshallrubagainstthecanalwallstoprotectit.B．Nothingwillbedoneatpresenttoimproveit.C．Moretrainingwillbegiventopilotsforit.D．Anewsystemwillreplaceit.Text4Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard,maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm”，oftenusedinasituation—aquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityorexcitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Let'shearwhatscientistshavetosay.Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,thesimplestkindofstorm—asingle－cellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainupdraft,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections—evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalow－pressurevacuum(真空)comingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapour(水蒸汽)initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticleslikedust,untiltheygrowlargeenoughtoformraindrops.Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,theairgetsspitout(被擠出)atthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,beforethestorm,itmightbereallywindy!1、Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?A．Astormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.B．Athunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.C．Athunderstormwithasingleshape.D．Astormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Coldanddryair. B．Warmanddampair.C．Coldanddampair. D．Warmanddryair.3、Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?A．Presenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.B．Stormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.C．Thedriertheairis,thebiggerthestormwillbe.D．Notallthunderstormsstartwiththecalm.4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Causesandeffectsofaheavystorm.B．Anexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.C．Apersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.D．Abriefdescriptionofapeacefulstorm.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WegetourwarmthfromthesunTheEarth1．(take)oneyeartogoaroundthesunItisalwaystilted(傾斜)toonesideWhentheNorthPoleistiltedtowardsthesun,thenorthernpartoftheworldhassummer2．itiswinterinthesouthThein-betweentimesarespringandautumnHowever,noteverywherehassummerandwinterInsomepartsoftheworld,theweatherisalwayshot,andwinternevercomesThesearethe3．(country)aroundtheequator,4．isalinedrawnaroundthemiddleofaglobeoftheEarthDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankShouldVideoGamesBeArt?BackinAprilthisyear,filmcriticRogerEbertdecidedtohandlethetopicoftheculturalimportanceofvideogamesfromtheperspectiveofwhethertheycouldeverberegardedasartClearly,Ebert1．(convince)thatnogamesofarcouldevendreamofbeingconsideredascomingclosetoaworkofartIntoday’spost,Ebertreturnstothetopictoputanendtothedebatethathasbeengoingoneversince:thoughhestandsby2．hebelievesin—namelythat,atleastintheoryandprinciple,videogameswillneverbeart—hecannowadmitthatheshouldn’thaveexpressedhisopinionwithoutknowingwhathewastalkingaboutAndthatishisbiggestmistake,asfarasheisconcerned,3．heexpressedajudgmentonapublicforum（論壇）withouthavingplayedasinglevideogame—andallthewhile4．(insist)thatwasthelastthingonhiswishlistHeapproachedthematterstrictlyfromatheoreticalpointofviewandthat’snotfair5．thegamingindustry—orthegamerswhotookoffense,forthatmatter“IwasafoolformentioningvideogamesinthefirstplaceIwouldneverexpressanopiniononamovieIhadn’tseenYetIhavedeclaredthatvideogames6．neverbeArtIstillbelievethis,butIshouldneverhavesaidsoSomeopinionsarebestkepttoyourselfSofar,4,547comments7．(rain)downuponmeforthatblogentryPerhaps300supportedmypositionTherestwereunitedinoppositionWhatyouseenowpostedarealmostallofthecomments8．(send)inTheyaremostlyintelligent,well-written,andrightaboutonethinginparticular:Ishouldnothavewrittenthatentrywithoutbeingmorefamiliarwiththeactualexperienceofvideogames,”Ebertwritesabouttheverypost9．startedthedebateMostposterspointedtohimthathewasalsodoingsowithoutasmuchasofferingacleardefinitionofArt“10．gamersexperiencevideogamesasaformofart,doesthatnotautomaticallymakethemso？”somesaidOthers,tiredofreadingwhatothershadarguedbeforethem,weresimplycontenttosay“Ebertdoesn’tgetit”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)The"bestyearsofyourlife"?Maybenot,butyoucanlearntomakethemostofyourhighschooldays.1.Learntoappreciatesmallthings.Whetherit'shavingacomputer,havingfriends,havingagoodsupplyoffood,abedtosleepon,familythatlovesyou,havingadecenteducationorsimplybeingborninthisworld.1、Behappy,andlifewillrewardyou.Rememberthatthesearethelastfewyearsyouwillbeabletoenjoyyourselfwithouthavingtoworryabouttheresponsibilityofanadult.2.Chooseyourfriendswisely.Unlikewhatmanyarticlesstate,youdon'thavetobepopularandhaveagazillionfriendstobehappy.2、Trytohavefriendsthatlikeyouwhoyouare,notjustbecauseyouarewearingacertainbrandofshoesorsomethinglikethat.3.Besociable.3、Whileyouonlyneed4or5closefriends,thatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldn'ttrytomeetnewpeople.Participatinggivesyousomethingtodoinsteadofsittingboredathomeandwallowinginself-pity.4.4、ThereisnothingmoresatisfyingthanseeingyourhardworkpayoffintheformofA'sandB's(butmainlyA's).Thisalsosetsyouuptogetintoacollegeyouwanttogoto,whichinturnpreparesyouforacareeryouwillenjoy,improvingyourqualityoflifeinthefuture.You'llgetcheapcarinsuranceaswellifyouhaveatleastaBorAaverage.5.Workatajobyoucanenjoy.Workingisagreatwaytogainexperienceandtomeetotherpeople.5、Thiswilllookgreatonyourresume.Ifyoucan'tfindwork,especiallyinthishardeconomictime,volunteerormakeyourownjob.A．Whenyoudogetoutofcollege,interviewingcompanieswilllookatyourpriorworkexperience.B．Itisimportanttolearntoappreciate.C．Rememberthatthepointoflifeisforyoutoenjoyit.D．Infact,manyofthe"friends"youhavewhenyouarepopulararenottruefriends.E.Keepyourgradesup.F.Participatinginclubs,activities,andsportsincreasesyourchancesofmeetingnewfriends.G.Whenyougraduate,youwillhavetolookforajobwitharesume.SleepandTeens--BiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9-plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepnight.1、Manyfactorscombinetodecreasesleepinadolescents.Wecanthinkingeneraloftwomajorfactors:biological,thebrainprocessesthatregulatetheamountandtimingofsleep,andbehavior,allthepsychological,parental,societal,culturalfeaturesofteen’slife.2、Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbe