貴州課標(biāo)英語課件：范疇3 主題9　災(zāi)害防范

課件需用office2010及以上版本打開，如果您的電腦是office2007及以下版本或者WPS軟件，可能會出現(xiàn)公式不可編輯或者有不同程度的動版。軟件使用編輯修改本課件全文均可單擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵對內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編輯修改。課件說明學(xué)科特色公式由公式編輯器制作，可單擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵對公式進(jìn)行修改。顯示說明如您在使用過程中遇到公式不顯示或者字體亂碼的情況，可能是因?yàn)槟碾娔X缺少對應(yīng)字體，請打開網(wǎng)頁下載。范疇三人與自然教材同步復(fù)習(xí)主題九災(zāi)害防范Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatnaturaldisasterhaveyoueverheardoforexperienced?2．Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthetsunami(海嘯)?

自然災(zāi)害 Ifyou'veeverswuminthepool,you'veprobablyenjoyedcreatingyourownwaves.Theharderyoupushwithyourhands,thebiggerthewaveswillbe. Whenagreatearthquakehappensundertheoceanfloor,theearthquake'slargeenergyistransferred(轉(zhuǎn)移)tothewateraboveit,creating①aseriesofwaterwavescalledatsunami.Theword②comesfromtheJapanesewordstsu(harbor)andnami(wave). Normaloceanwaveshaveanaveragewavelength(波長)ofabout100metersandanaverageheightofabout2meters,whileatsunamicanhaveawavelengthof193kilometersormore.Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.▲ Asatsunamiapproaches(接近)acoastline，things③begintochangegreatly.Asitapproachesshallow(淺的)waters,thewavespeeddropsbelowabout80kilometersperhour.Thewavelengthalsoreducesmuch,butamplitude—theheightofthewave—increasesgreatly,④leadingtothehugewallofwateralongcoastlines,which⑤causesgreatdamagetocoastalareas. About80%oftsunamishappeninthePacificOcean.Tsunamiscannotbestopped,butareasthatexperiencetsunamisregularlyhavedevelopedtsunamiwarningsystemstogiveasmuchwarningaspossibletopeoplewholivealongthecoastline.Forexample,therearetsunamiwarningsignsandwarningsirens(警報(bào)器)ontopofnearbyhillsalongJapanesecoastlines.AndmanyJapanesecoastalcommunitieshavebuilttsunamiwalls,floodgatesandotherstostoporchangethedirectionofwaterfromincomingtsunamis.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了海嘯是如何形成以及海嘯帶來的強(qiáng)大危害，并介紹了人們是如何應(yīng)對海嘯的。

根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容完成下列各題1．WhydoesthewritermentionswimminginthepoolinParagraph1？()A．Tohelpreadersunderstandtsunamisbetter.B．Toshowhowpowerfulanearthquakeis.C．Toexplainhowwaterwavescomeintobeing.【解析】推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章通過介紹“我”們游泳時(shí)產(chǎn)生的波浪讓人們更形象地理解海嘯。故選A。A2．

Whichsentencecanbeputin“▲“？()A．Tsunamisarealwaysnotaspowerfulasearthquakes.B．Sothereisnoneedtoworryaboutatsunami.C．Itmakesitalmostimpossibletobenoticed,evenforashipinthearea.【解析】句子還原題。由空格前一句“Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.”可知，空格處表示這樣人們就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)海嘯的到來。故選C。C3．

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

．()A．howtostudytsunamisB．wheretsunamisalwayshappenC．howtoreducethedamagescausedbytsunamis【解析】段落大意題。最后一段主要介紹了一些應(yīng)對海嘯的方法：報(bào)警器、建海嘯墻等，這些措施都是減少海嘯危害的措施。故選C。C

理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，完成思維導(dǎo)圖undertheoceanfloordeepoceanslowerbiggerWaysTsunamiwarningsystemstsunamiwalls

好詞好句積累

在文中畫出下列詞組或句型，翻譯并仿寫與主題相關(guān)的句子。①aseriesof______________________________________________________仿寫：中國宣布了一系列措施來應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害。_________________________________________________________________一系列Chinahasannouncedaseriesofmeasurestodealwithnaturaldisasters.②comefrom_____________________________________________________仿寫：人類也是動物。我們都來自大自然。_________________________________________________________________③begintodosth._________________________________________________

仿寫：隨著氣溫的升高，一些冰開始融化。_________________________________________________________________來自Humansarealsoanimals.Weallcomefromnature.開始做某事Asthetemperaturerises,someoftheicebeginstomelt.④leadto________________________________________________________

仿寫：自然災(zāi)害都可能導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。_________________________________________________________________⑤causegreatdamageto___________________________________________仿寫：這次地震給人們的生活造成了巨大傷害。_________________________________________________________________導(dǎo)致Naturaldisastersallmayleadtohugeloss.給……造成巨大傷害Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetopeople'slives.第一部分完形填空

閱讀下面一篇短文，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

自然災(zāi)害 Ilookedatmywatch.Itwastentosix.Therewerejusttenminutesleftbeforewecouldleaveforhome.Suddenlytheearthbegantoshake.Innotimetheshakebecamevery

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.“Earthquake！”someoneshouted.I

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theotherstothedoorbutwecouldn'tgetout.Istayedunderadesk,coveringmyheadandneckwithmyarms.“Willsomeone

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meifthebuildingsfalldown?“Ikeptthinkingaboutthat.()1.A．tall B．far C．Strong【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tall“高的”；far“遠(yuǎn)的”；strong“強(qiáng)烈的”。由“Earthquake！”可知，此處指震動變得強(qiáng)烈。故選C。()2.A．a(chǎn)llowed B．followed C．Waited【解析】考查動詞辨析。allow“允許”；follow“跟著”；wait“等待”。由“theotherstothedoor”可知，此處指跟著其他人到門口。故選B。()3.A．catch B．hold C．save【解析】考查動詞辨析。catch“及時(shí)趕上；抓?。唤幼　?；hold“擁有；抓住”；save“救；救助”。由“ifthebuildingsfalldown”可知，此處指需要救助。故選C。CBC Severalminuteslater,theshakestopped.Weran

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tothestreet.Itwassucha(n)

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thatwecouldn'tbelieveoureyes—thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)and

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wood.Moreandmorepeoplecameoutandmanywereinjured(受傷的).Lotsofthemdidnothingbutlookedupintotheskyinshock.()4.A．wisely B．quickly C．Quietly【解析】考查副詞辨析。wisely“明智地”；quickly“快速地”；quietly“安靜地”。由常識可知，在地震晃動停止后，應(yīng)快速跑到街上。故選B。()5.A．mess B．a(chǎn)ccident C．Problem【解析】考查名詞辨析。mess“混亂”；accident“事故”；problem“問題”。由“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)and6wood”可知，街上很亂。故選A。()6.A．burnt B．worn C．broken【解析】考查形容詞辨析。burnt“燒壞的”；worn“用壞的”；broken“破壞了的”。由and前并列成分“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)”可知，此處指被地震毀壞的樹。故選C。BAC The

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insuchasituationwasdifficult.Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.Soitwas

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tofindoutifourfriendswereokay.IhadnowayoflettingmyfamilyinChina

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thatIwasstillalive.Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.()7.A．communication B．discussion C．Education【解析】考查名詞辨析。communication“通訊，交流”；discussion“討論”；education“教育”。由“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.”可知，電話不能用了，通訊很困難。故選A。()8.A．necessary B．impossible C．Important【解析】考查形容詞辨析。necessary“必需的”；impossible“不可能的”；important“重要的”。由“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake”可知，電話不能用了，所以不可能知道朋友是否安全。故選B。()9.A．remember B．imagine C．know【解析】考查動詞辨析。remember“記得”；imagine“想象”；know“知道”。由“Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.”可知，是讓家人知道自己沒事。故選C。ABC Finally,Irealizedthatpeople's

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seemsosmallandfragile(脆弱的)whenwefacethenaturaldisaster.Soaslongaswearealive,weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.()10.A．futures B．choices C．lives【解析】考查名詞辨析。future“未來”；choice“選擇”；life“生命”。由后一句“Soaslongaswearealive，weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.”可知此處表示生命是脆弱的。故選C。C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在一次地震中的所見所感。第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下面一個(gè)語篇，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A

(2022?南充改編)

人身安全與自我保護(hù)【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了介紹應(yīng)對炎熱天氣的一些方法。11．Whichsituationisthemostdangerousaccordingtothematerial？()A．Anoldmaninapark.B．Adisabledwomaninahouse.C．Anoutsideworkerataconstructionplace.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由WHERE中內(nèi)容及生活常識可知室外溫度是最高的，故“Constructionplaces”是最危險(xiǎn)的地方。故選C。C12．

Whichonecanshowtherelationshipbetweentimeandthetemperatureinacar?()【解析】圖片理解題。由“OutsideTemperature27℃”中內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C的變化圖與之相符。故選C。C13．

Whereisthematerialprobablyfrom?()A．Asafetynotice.B．Atravelguide.C．Aweatherreport.【解析】材料出處題。本文主要介紹應(yīng)對炎熱天氣的一些方法，所以推測可能是一個(gè)安全通知。故選A。A14．

What'sthepurposeofthematerial?()A．Towarnpeoplenottostayinthecar.B．Toremindpeopletowearlightweightclothes.C．Toteachpeoplehowtopreventheat-relateddeaths.【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹應(yīng)對炎熱天氣的一些方法，結(jié)合“Heat-relateddeathscanbeprevented.”可知，是教人們?nèi)绾晤A(yù)防與高溫有關(guān)的死亡。故選C。CB

自然災(zāi)害與防范措施 Seriousfloods(洪水)sweptsouthernprovincessuchasGuangdong,Guangxi,FujianandJiangxiinChinain2022.Morethanhundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavebeeninfluenced.Sowheninthefaceofaflashflood,whatshouldwedotokeepsafe? Beforeaflood

?Makeanemergencykit(應(yīng)急包)includingwater,canned(罐裝的)food,aflashlightandafirst-aidkit.Keepitinaneasy-to-reachplace. Putyourvaluables(suchasmoney,gold…)inwaterproof(防水的)bagsandkeepthemsomewheresafe. Duringaflood Lookoutforfloodwarnings.

?Headtohighergroundandstaythere. Don'ttrytowalkordrivethroughfloodedareas,astheycanbedeeperthanyourealize. Leaveyourcarassoonaspossible. Afteraflood Don'treturnhomeatonce.Keepfollowingthelatestlocalnews.

?Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)山洪暴發(fā)時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該做些什么來保證安全。15．YoucanseethefollowingthingsinanemergencykitEXCEPT

.()A．a(chǎn)book B．a(chǎn)flashlight C．a(chǎn)bottleofwater【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Beforeaflood下面的“Makeanemergencykit(應(yīng)急包)includingwater,canned(罐裝的)food,aflashlightandfirstQ000Qaidkit.”可知，應(yīng)急包里面的物品包括水、罐裝食品、手電筒和急救箱，沒有書。故選A。A16．Whenafloodcomes,youshould

.()A．stayinyourcarandwaitforhelpB．takeallyourvaluablethingswithyouC．gotoahigherplacetostayawayfromdanger【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Duringaflood下面的“Headtohighergroundandstaythere.”可知，當(dāng)洪水到來時(shí)，應(yīng)該往高處走，并待在那里。故選C。C17．Fromthepassageweknowthat

.()A．wecaneasilyseehowdeepthefloodedareasareB．weshouldprotectourselvesfromvirusesafterafloodC．weshouldgohomeasquicklyaswecanwhenafloodisover【解析】推理判斷題。由Afteraflood下面的“Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.”可知，病毒可以在洪水過后傳播，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)自己免受病毒侵襲。故選B。B18．

What'sthetexttypeofthereadingmaterial？()A．Anad. B．Aposter. C．Areport.【解析】材料出處題。由文章內(nèi)容可知，本文是一個(gè)教育人們預(yù)防洪水的海報(bào)。故選B。BA．Atschool，weoftenhavepractice.B．Andusuallythereisalotofdamage.C．Thisisbecausetherearealotoftornadoes.D．That'swhythisareaiscalled“TornadoAlley”．E．Whenthewarningscome,peoplefollowtheirdisasterplans.F．Inordertostaysafeinnaturaldisasters,weshouldgetwellprepared.第二節(jié)閱讀下面一篇短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一個(gè)為多余選項(xiàng)。

(2022?陜西改編)

自然災(zāi)害與防范措施 EveryyearintheU．S.thereareabout500tornadoes,anaturaldisaster，fromTexasthroughOklahoma,Kansas,Nebraska,IowaandintoSouthDakota.19.______

【解析】由前句“EveryyearintheU．S.thereareabout500tornadoes，anaturaldisaster,fromTexasthroughOklahoma，Kansas，Nebraska，IowaandintoSouthDakota.”可知，說的是龍卷風(fēng)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)說這就是為什么這個(gè)地區(qū)被稱為“龍卷風(fēng)走廊”。故選D。D The“tornadoseason”isusuallyinspring,butthepeopleinTornadoAlleyarealwaysreadyforthemandtheyalwayslistentothenews.20.______Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.Athome,thebestplaceisthebasement—aroomthatisusedtostorethingsundertheleveloftheground.Ifthereisnobasement,aroomwithoutwindowslikethebathroomisalsoasafeplace.【解析】由后一句“Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.”可知，說的是說人們有他們的災(zāi)難計(jì)劃。故選E。E “21.______Thenwecangetreadyandwon'tfeelafraidwhenthere'satornado，”saysTiffanyTaylor,ahighschoolstudentfromTexas.“There'snobasementatmyschool