計算機英語 第3版 課后習題答案 完整版

./參考答案Unit1SectionA〔P8I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdainput;outputVLSIworkstations;mainframesvacuum;transistorsinstructions;softwaredigit;eight;bytemicrominiaturization;chipII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:artificialintelligence人工智能paper-tapereader紙空閱讀機opticalcomputer光學計算機neuralnetwork神經網絡instructionset指令集parallelprocessing平行處理differenceengine差分機versatilelogicalelement通用邏輯器件siliconsubstrate硅基vacuumtube真空管〔電子管thestorageandhandlingofdata數據的存儲與處理verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit超大規(guī)模集成電路centralprocessingunit中央處理器personalcomputer個人計算機analoguecomputer模擬計算機digitalcomputer數字計算機general-purposecomputer通用計算機processorchip處理器芯片operatinginstructions操作指令inputdevice輸入設備III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanbeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse<forexample,theageofthemachine>beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.Unit2SectionA〔P34I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:input;output;storageBasicInputOutputSystemflatbedscanners;hand-heldscannersLCD-baseddot-matrixprinters;inkjetprintersdiskdrives;memoryVolatileserial;parallelII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:Functionkey功能鍵voicerecognitionmodule語音識別模塊touch-sensitiveregion觸感區(qū),觸摸區(qū)addressbus地址總線flatbedscanner平板掃描儀dot-matrixprinter點陣打印機〔針式打印機parallelconnection并行連接cathoderaytube陰極射線管videogame電子游戲〔港臺亦稱電玩audiosignal音頻信號operatingsystem操作系統(tǒng)LCD<liquidcrystaldisplay>液晶顯示〔器inkjetprinter噴墨打印機databus數據總線serialconnection串行連接volatilememory易失性存儲器laserprinter激光打印機diskdrive磁盤驅動器BIOS<BasicInputOutputSystem>基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)videodisplay視頻顯示器III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiskread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldisksusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisk,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpyareas<called"pits">onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiskisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa"read-only"disk.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprintedbythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdiskcanstore650megabytesofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisk,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.Unit3SectionA〔P57I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:artificial;instructionslow-level;high-levellow-levelMachinefunctional;logicStatementModuledigitalII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:storageregister存儲寄存器functionstatement函數語句programstatement程序語句object-orientedlanguage面向對象語言assemblylanguage匯編語言intermediatelanguage中間語言,中級語言relationallanguage關系〔型語言artificiallanguage人造語言datadeclaration數據聲明SQL結構化查詢語言executableprogram可執(zhí)行程序programmodule程序模塊conditionalstatement條件語句assignmentstatement賦值語句logiclanguage邏輯語言machinelanguage機器語言procedurallanguage過程語言programminglanguage程序設計語言runacomputerprogram運行計算機程序computerprogrammer計算機程序設計員III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonicsforinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaderscombinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed"libraries"ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages<closertonaturallanguages>wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.Unit4SectionA〔P81I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:application;operatingassemblerscompilerinterpreterDebuggerLoopdevicedriverJohnvonNeumannII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:inferenceengine推理機systemcall系統(tǒng)調用compiledlanguage編譯語言parallelcomputing平行計算patternmatching模式匹配freememory空閑存interpreterprogram解釋程序libraryroutine庫程序intermediateprogram中間程序,過渡程序sourcefile源文件interpretedlanguage解釋〔性語言devicedriver設備驅動程序sourceprogram源程序debuggingprogram調試程序objectcode目標代碼applicationprogram應用程序utilityprogram實用程序logicprogram邏輯程序inkcartridge墨盒programstorageandexecution程序的存儲與執(zhí)行III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.Compilerscollectandreorganize<compile>alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders<聯(lián)編程序>,linkers<連接程序>,andloaders<裝入程序>—finishthetranslation.Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers<PC>andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.Unit7SectionA〔P153I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:Telegraphdots;dashesMediapoint-to-pointAnalogDigitaltext-basedmodemII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:microwaveradio微波無線電digitaltelevision數字電視DSL數字用戶線路analogtransmission模擬傳輸on-screenpointer屏幕〔觸摸屏上的指示〔器computerterminal計算機終端radiotelephone無線cellulartelephone蜂窩〔移動decentralizednetwork分散的網絡wire-basedinternalnetwork基于普通網線的部網絡fiber-opticcable光纜faxmachine傳真機wirelesscommunications無線通信point-to-pointcommunications點對點通信modulatedelectricalimpulse調制電脈沖communication<s>satellite通信衛(wèi)星telegraphkey電報電鍵transmissionmedium傳輸媒體cordlesstelephone無繩metalconductor金屬導體III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Datacommunicationsistheprocessoftransmittingandreceivingdatainanorderlywaysothedatathatarrivesatitsdestinationisanaccurateduplicationofthedatathatwassent.Whendatatravelsashortdistance,suchaswhenyousenddatafromyourcomputertoyourprinter,itisreferredtoaslocalcommunications.Whendatatravelsalongdistance,thecommunicationisreferredtoastelecommunications;theprefix"tele"isderivedfromaGreekwordthatmeans"far"or"faroff."Thedifferencebetweenashortdistanceandalongdistanceissomewhatarbitrary<武斷的>.Forexample,ifyourcomputersendsdatatoaprinterinthenextroom,itisregardedaslocalcommunications;ifyouphonethepersoninthenextroom,youaretransmittingdataoveratelecommunicationsdevice.However,thesamebasiccommunicationsconceptsapplytobothlocalcommunicationsandtelecommunications.Basicdatacommunicationsconceptsarethebuildingblocksforunderstandinghowdatatravelsonacommunicationssystem.Theseconceptscomeinhandy<派得上用處>whenyouinstall,configure,orupgradealocalareanetwork.Inaddition,theseconceptshelpyousetupmodems,faxmachines,andcellulardatatransfers.Unit12SectionA〔P272I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:employeesHackersCrackersdamage;manipulationWormsoftwarepiracyaccess;backupPasswordsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:encryptionprogram加密程序deletioncommand刪除命令authorizeduser授權的用戶backupcopy備份的副本voltagesurge電涌,浪涌電壓circuitbreaker斷路器electroniccomponent電子器件data-entryerror數據輸入錯誤electronicbreak-in電路中斷powerline電力線,輸電線detectionprogram檢測程序powersource電源destructivecomputerprogram破壞性計算機程序computervirus計算機病毒softwarepiracy軟件侵權hard-diskdrive硬盤驅動器viruschecker病毒檢查程序primarystorage主存儲器electronicbulletinboard電子公告板surgeprotector浪涌電壓保護器III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Avirusorotherunwelcomesurprisecanlurkinyourcomputersystemfordaysormonthswitho