英文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)用法(句號(hào)分號(hào)冒號(hào)問號(hào)感嘆號(hào))課件

。Full

stopA

period

(American

English)

or

full

stop(BritishEnglish)

is

the

punctuation

mark

commonly

placed

at

theend

ofsentences.You

use

it

like

a

knife

to

cut

the

sentences

to

therequired

length.

Generally,

you

can

break

up

thesentences

using

the

full

stop

at

the

end

of

a

logical

andcomplete

thought

that

looks

and

sounds

right

to

you.1Use

the

full

stopto

mark

the

end

of

a

sentence

which

is

not

aquestion

or

an

exclamation.Rome

is

the

capital

ofItaly.I

was

born

in

Australia

and

now

live

in

Indonesia.Notes：He

has

only

been

there

two

or

three

times.（陳述句）Put

the

dictionary

on

the

shelf.

（祈使句）Don’t

cry.

（用句號(hào)）

Look

out!（用感嘆號(hào)）Will

you

weight

it,

please.（表請(qǐng)求）22.to

indicate

an

abbreviation（縮略詞）I

will

be

in

between

6

a.m.

and

7

p.m.c.

c.（或cc.）立方厘米

a.

m.

上午

n.

名詞kg.千克i.

e.即

etc.

等等No.第…Mr.先生（可不用）

Mrs.太太（可不用）在當(dāng)代英語里，有些指集體的縮略詞常不用省略句號(hào)，如：UN聯(lián)合國(guó)

USA 美國(guó)UK 聯(lián)合王國(guó)CPC 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨343.

special

case

-

three

dotsThis

indicates

that

only

part

of

the

sentence

or

text

hasbeenquoted

or

that

it

is

being

left

up

to

the

reader

to

complete

therest

of

thesentence.The

Lord's

Prayer

begins,

“Our

Father

which

are

in

Heaven...”4.

fullstop

after

a

singlewordSometimes

a

single

word

can

form

the

sentence.

In

this

caseyou

place

a

fullstop

after

the

word

as

you

would

in

any

othersentence."Goodbye.""Stop."5?

question

markUse

a

questionmark1.

At

the

end

of

all

direct

questions.

Be

careful

not

toput

a

question

mark

at

the

end

of

anindirectquestion.What

is

yourname?You're

Spanish,

aren't

you?He

asked

me

what

my

name

was.

I

asked

my

sister

if

she

had

adate.Note：Sometimes

a

question

mark

can

be

placedwithin

a

sentence.There

is

cause

for

concern

-

isn't

there?

-

that

thecurrent

world

economic

balance

is

so

fragile

that

itmay

lead

to

a

global

economic

downturn.672.

Rhetorical

questions(asked

when

an

answer

is

notreally

expected)

are

questions

and

deserve

to

end

with

aquestion

mark:How

else

should

we

end

them,

after

all?What

if

I

said

to

you,

"You've

got

a

real

problem

here"?3.

Sometimes

a

question

will

actually

end

with

a

series

ofbrief

questions.Each

of

the

little

questions

can

begin

with

a

lowercase

letter

and

end

with

a

question

mark.Did

she

buy

milk?

butter?

beef?

eggs?84.

If

a

question

mark

is

part

of

an

italicized

orunderlined

title,

make

sure

that

the

questionmarkis

also

italicized:My

favorite

book

isWhere

Did

He

Go?If

the

question

mark

is

not

part

of

a

sentence-ending

title,

don't

italicize

the

question

mark:Did

he

sing

the

French

national

anthem,

la

Marseillaise?95.Whenaquestionendswithan

abbreviation(縮略詞),end

the

abbreviation

with

a

period

and

then

add

thequestion

mark.Didn't

he

use

to

live

in

Washington,

D.C.?6. When

a

question

constitutes

a

polite

request,

it

isusually

not

followed

by

a

question

mark.Will

you

write

me

again

if

I

can

be

of

furtherservice.Note:It

is

considered

bad

form

to

use

a

question

mark

incombination

with

other

marks,

although

that

is

often

done

in

informal

prose

in

an

attempt

to

convey

complex

tones:

Hetold

youwhat!?That

combination

(or

similar

combination)ofpunctuationmarksis

sometimescalled

an

interrobang(疑問感嘆號(hào)),but

the

interrobang

currently

has

no

role

in

academic

prose(學(xué)術(shù)文章).1011Use

an

exclamation

markThe

exclamation

mark

is

used

to

express

shame,astonishment

or

surprise

or

to

emphasise

a

comment

orshort,

sharp

phrase.Help!

Help!That's

unbelievable!Get

out!An

exclamation

mark

may

be

used

to

close

questions

thatare

meant

to

convey

extreme

emotion,

as

inWhat

on

earth

are

you

doing!

Stop!！exclamation

mark123.An

exclamation

mark

can

be

inserted

within

parentheses（括號(hào)）

to

emphasize

a

word

within

a

sentence.We

have

some

really

(!)

low-priced

rugs

on

sale

this

week.4.

If

an

exclamation

mark

is

part

of

an

italicized

or

underlined

title,

make

sure

that

the

exclamation

mark

is

also

italicizedor

underlined:My

favorite

book

isOh,

the

Places

You'll

Go!If

the

exclamation

mark

is

not

part

of

a

sentence-endingtitle,

don't

italicize

the

exclamation

mark:I've

asked

you

not

to

sing

la

Marseillaise!You

can

also

use

it

to

mark

a

phrase

ashumourous,ironic（反諷的）

or

sarcastic（挖苦的）.What

a

lovely

day!

(when

it

obviously

is

not

a

lovely

day)

That

was

clever!

(when

someone

has

done

somethingstupid)Don’t

overuse

the

exclamation

mark.Don't

include

a

series

of

exclamation

marks.I'llneverNgeot

it

!right!!!!Note：In

academic

prose,

an

exclamation

point

is

used

rarely.“What

a

nice

day,”

she

said.1314；SemicolonUsing

SemicolonsA

semicolon

is

most

commonly

used

to

link

twoindependent

clauses

that

are

closely

related

in

thought.When

a

semicolon

is

used

to

join

two

or

more

ideas(parts)

in

a

sentence,

those

ideas

are

then

given

equal

position

or

rank.151.

Link

two

independent

clauses

to

connect

closely

relatedideas.No

one

is

born

with

knowledge;

knowledge

must

be

taught

andlearned.I

cannot

imagine

him

lying

down;

I

can

hardly

imagine

him

sitting

down.2.Link

clauses

connected

byconjunctive

adverbs（連接副詞）

or

transitionalphrases（過渡短語）

toconnectclosely

relatedideas.I

realize

I

need

exercise;

however,

I’ll

lie

down

first

to

think

about

it.Buses

are

always

crowded;

hence

he

prefers

to

cycle.163.

Link

lists

where

the

items

contain

commas

to

avoidconfusion

between

list

items.There

are

basically

two

ways

to

write:

with

a

pen

or

pencil,

which

isinexpensive

and

easily

accessible;

or

by

computer

and

printer,which

is

more

expensive

but

quick

and

neat.4.

Link

lengthy

clauses

or

clauses

with

commas

toavoid

confusion

between

clauses.Some

people

write

with

a

word

processor,

typewriter,

or

acomputer;

but

others,

for

different

reasons,

choose

to

write

with

apen

orpencil.17Notes:Avoid

using

a

comma

when

a

semicolon

is

needed:Comma

splice!Incorrect:

The

cow

is

brown,

it

is

alsoold.Correct:

The

cow

is

brown;

it

is

also

old.Incorrect:

I

like

cows,

however,

I

hate

the

way

they

smell.Correct:

I

like

cows;

however,

I

hate

the

way

they

smell.No

coordinating

conjunction?。]有并列連接詞）（逗號(hào)粘連）18Incorrect:I

like

cows:

they

give

us

milk,

which

tastes

good,

they

give

us

beef,which

also

tastes

good,

and

they

give

us

leather,

which

is

used

forshoes

andcoats.Correct:I

like

cows:

they

give

us

milk,

which

tastes

good;

they

give

usbeef,which

also

tastes

good;

and

they

give

us

leather,

which

is

used

forshoes

andcoats.Avoid

using

a

semicolon

when

a

comma

is

needed:Incorrect:

The

cow

is

brown;

but

notold.Correct:

The

cow

is

brown,

but

not

old.Incorrect:

Because

cows

smell;

they

offend

me.Correct:

Because

cows

smell,

they

offend

me.unclear!19：colonUse

a

colon

before

a

list

or

anexplanationthat

is

preceded

by

a

clause

that

can

stand

byitself.

Think

of

the

colon

as

a

gate,inviting

one

to

go

on.201.

Use

the

colon

after

a

complete

sentence

to

introducea

list

of

items

when

introductory

words

such

asnamely,

for

example,

or

that

is

do

not

appear.*I

want

the

following

items:

butter,

sugar,

and

flour.*

I

want

an

assistant

who

can

do

the

following:

(1)inputdata,

(2)

write

reports,

and

(3)

complete

tax

forms.I

want

an

assistant

who

can

(1)

input

data,

(2)

write

reports,and

(3)

complete

tax

forms.NOTE:With

lists,you

may

use

periods

after

numbers

andletters

instead

of

parentheses(括號(hào)).These

are

some

of

the

pool

rules:Do

not

run.If

you

see

unsafe

behavior,

report

it

to

the

lifeguard.Havefun!21222.

A

colon

is

used

after

the

salutation

of

a

formal

letteror

a

business

letter.(A

comma

follows

the

salutation

of

a

friendly

letter

or

an

informal

letter.)Dear

Ms.

Lee:3.

If

a

quoted

passage

is

formal,

long,

or

paragraphed

separately,

a

colon

is

used

to

separate

theintroductorystatement

from

the

quotation

that

follows.John

F.

Kennedy

issued

this

stirring

challenge:

"Ask

not

whatyour

country

can

do

for

you;

ask

what

you

can

do

for

yourcountry."234.

A

colon

is

used

to

separate

the

title

of

a

book

orarticle

from

its

subtitle."High

Risk:

Children

Without

a

Conscience"The

colon

is

commonly

used

to

introduce

speech

in

a

dialogue

(such

as

a

script).Teacher:

Why

did

you

use

a

colonhere?Student:

I

thought

it

looked

good.用于數(shù)字時(shí)間的表示，如16:45

或4:45

p.m.在涉及賽事比分的時(shí)候用來區(qū)分兩隊(duì)比分China

beat

Japan

3:2

in

the

women’s

volley

ball

tournament.演講稿中放在對(duì)主席和聽眾的稱呼之后Mr.

Chairman,

ladies

and

gentlemen:24COMMON

MISUSES

OF

THE

COLON1.

Do

not

use

a

colon

to

separate

a

preposition

fromits

objects.WRONGShe

was

in

charge

of:

registration,

cabin

assignments,

and

clean-up.CORRECTShe

was

in

charge

of

registration,

cabin

assignments,

and

clean-up.252.

Do

not

use

a

colon

to

separate

a

verb

from

itsobjects.WRONGI

like

to

play:

soccer,

racquetball,

and

icehockey.CORRECTI

like

to

play