Unit 1 語法講練【 知識精講+提升專練 】 人教版八年級 上冊英語 課件

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?語法講練語言能力1.辨析指人和指物的不定代詞的用法。2.復習一般過去時的疑問結(jié)構(gòu);3.能在半控制語用情景中練習使用一般過去時和不定代詞用法。4.在真實語境中運用不定代詞，做一次采訪，寫一篇報道。文化意思通過分享別人的旅游經(jīng)歷來豐富自已的知識。思維品質(zhì)學會和朋友一同分享度假經(jīng)歷，相互分享旅行中的收獲。學習能力學會運用“感知、發(fā)現(xiàn)、總結(jié)”的微策略辨別不定代詞;在小組中自主合作探究，學習不定代詞的一般規(guī)律。學會運用小組進行探究式學習；提高語法閱讀填空能力LearningGoals（教學目標）動LeadinEnjoyavideoandanswer動1.Wheredidtheboygoonhissummervacation?2.Whatdidheandhisfamilydothere?3.Whatdidthegirldoonhervacation?4.WheredidMollygoonhersummervacation?5.Whatdidsheandhersisterdothere?HewenttoJejudowithhisfamily.TheyrodehorsesandwalkedalongJejuolle.Hetooktaekwondolessons.HewenttoXinjiangwithhissister.Theyrodehorsesthere.GrammarFocusWheredidyougoonvacation?IwenttoNewYorkCity.Didyougooutwithanyone?No,Noonewashere.Everyone

wasonvacation.Didyoubuy

anythingspecial?

Yes,Ibought

somethingformyfather.No,Ibought

nothing.Howwasthefood?Everything

tastedreallygood.Did

everyonehaveagoodtime?Oh,yes,EverythingwasexcellentReadandtranslate1.你去了什么地方去度假？___________yougoon_________?2.我去了紐約市。I___________NewYorkCity.3.你和別的什么人一起去的嗎？____________gooutwith________?4.不，沒有別人在這兒。每個人都在度假。No._________washere.________wason________.5.你買了什么特別的東西了嗎？____youbuy_______________?6.是的，我為我爸爸買了些東西。Yes,I__________formyfather.7.不，我沒有買什么東西。No,I________________.8.吃的怎么樣？________thefood?9.所有的東西嘗起來都很好。_________________reallygood.10.每個人都玩得很開心嗎?_____________haveagoodtime?11.是的。一切事物都很棒。Yes.__________wasexcellent.vacationWheredidwenttoDidyouanyoneHaveatestCompletethesentencesNooneEveryonevacationDidanythingspecialboughtsomethingboughtnothingHowwasEverythingtastedDideveryoneEverythingGrammarFocusWheredidyougoonvacation?IwenttoNewYorkCity.Didyougooutwithanyone?No,Noonewashere.Everyone

wasonvacation.Didyoubuy

anythingspecial?

Yes,Ibought

somethingformyfather.No,Ibought

nothing.Howwasthefood?Everything

tastedreallygood.Did

everyonehaveagoodtime?Oh,yes,EverythingwasexcellentReadandfind動發(fā)現(xiàn)一一般過去時用法1.表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.表示過去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作。

謂語構(gòu)成常用時間(thedaybefore)yesterdaylastnight/weekin1990/justnowOnSundaymorningtwodaysago系動詞be的過去時.am(is)→wasare→were肯定句：主語+was

(were)

+表語

Hewasathomeyesterday.否定句：主語+was

(were)

+not+表語

We

weren't

late

yesterday.

.疑問句：Was

(Were)

+主語+表語？

Were

you

ill

yesterday?

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was

(were)

+主語+其他？行為動詞的一般過去時:肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其他。Iwenttothemovie.否定句：主語+助動詞didn’t+動詞原形+其他？→Ididn’tgotoschool.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+其他？Didyou

have

breakfast?Yes,I

do./No,Idon’t.Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其他？When

did

you

visit

theGreatWall?動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動詞regularverbs不規(guī)則動詞irregularverbs

規(guī)則動詞過去式的變化有以下幾種：(1)一般情況下在動詞后加-ed。e.g.play—playedvisit—visitedwalk—walkedclean—cleaned

(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加-d。e.g.

like—liked

dance—danced

live—liveduse—used(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，先改y為i，再加-ed。

e.g.study—studied

carry—carriedworry—worried

(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且詞尾只有一個輔音字母，要先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed。e.g.stop—stoppeddrop—dropped

plan—planned溫馨提示：以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed：e.g.enjoy——enjoyed

play——played

規(guī)則動詞過去式詞尾-ed的讀音讀音規(guī)則讀音例詞在濁輔音和元音后面/d/moved/mu:vd/在濁輔音和元音后面/t/passed/pa:st/在清輔音后面/id/needed/’ni:did/am,is—was

are—werego—went

do—didhave—had

come—cametake—took

say—saideat—ate

see—sawget—got

put—putsleep—sleptgive—gavewrite—wrotread—readbuy—bought

sit—satrun—ranswim

—swammake—made

feel—felhear—heard

grow—grewtell—told

know—knewfind—foundbegin—beganbring

—broughtstand—stoodspend—spentcatch—caughtteach—taught動詞不規(guī)則變化/red/一般過去時肯定主語+was/were+其他.主語+動詞的過去式+其他.否定主語+was/werenot+其他.主語+didn’t+動詞原形+其他.一般疑問句及回答Was/Were+主語+其他?(肯)Yes,主語+was/were.(否)No,主語+wasn’t/weren’t.Did+主語+動詞原形+其他?(肯)Yes,主語+did.(否)No,主語+didn’t.動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的事；be用was或用were,have,has變had；謂語動詞過去式，過去時間作標志；一般動詞加-ed，若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡單，主語之后didn’t添；疑問句也不難，did放在主語前；如果謂語之前有did，謂語動詞需還原；動詞若是was,were,否定就把not添。易記歌謠【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)剛才Sandy嘗了嘗湯。Sandy_____________________justnow.2)我昨晚在聚會上待到很晚。I______________atthepartylastnight.

3)他們昨天下午四點到達北京的。They______________Beijingat4:00yesterdayafternoon.tastedthesoupstayedlatearrivedin/gotto4)Cathy在母親節(jié)給她媽媽買了一件禮物。Cathy_____________________forhermotheronMother'sDay.5)今天早上我起晚了，因此什么都沒有吃。Igotuplatethismorning,soI______________.6)Bob在公共汽車上感覺很糟，因為太擠了。Bob______________onthebusbecauseitwastoocrowded.boughtagiftatefeltterriblenothing1.get—2.say—

3.have—4.be—5.tell—6.think—7.write—

8.drive—9.run—10.read—

I.寫出下列單詞的過去式。gotsaidhadwas,weretoldthoughtwrotedroveranreadExercises鞏固練習11.see—12.stand

—

13.put

—14.eat

—

15.buy

—16.drink

—

17.sleep

—18.come

—19.play

—20.study

—

21.listen

—

sawstoodputateboughtdranksleptcameplayedstudiedlistenedA:How

yourvacation,Lin?B:It

prettygood.A:How

thebeaches?B:

They

great.A:How

theweather?B:It

hotandwet.A:How

thepeople?B:They

unfriendly.A:How

thestores?B:

They

expensive.waswaswerewerewaswaswerewerewerewereBe—am/is(was)are(were)Be填空II.用所給動詞的適當形式填空。We______(live)inJapanlastyear.Jack________(stop)thecarlastSunday.Tom_______(clean)hisroomand________(study)fortheChinesetestlastweekend.4.What______you______(do)lastnight?5.OnSundaymorningI_____(play)tennis.livedstoppedcleanedstudieddiddoplayedIII.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

Lucy

did

her

homework

at

home.

（改否定句）

2.He

found

some

meat

in

the

fridge(冰箱).

（變一般疑問句)

3.She

stayed

there

for

a

week.（畫線部分提問）

Lucy

didn’t

doher

homework

at

home.Didhe

findany

meat

in

the

fridge?

Howlongdidshe

stay

there?

4.ShewenttothebeachlastSunday.(變一般疑問句)5.Theystayedathomeonvacation.(就畫線部分提問)DidshegotothebeachlastSunday?Wheredidtheystayonvacation?6.Theweatherwashotandhumid.(變否定句)7.Nancywenttothecinemalastnight.(改為同義句)

8.ThepeopleinNewYorkwerefriendly.(就畫線部分提問)Theweatherwasn’thotorhumid.Nancywenttoseeafilmlastnight.HowwerethepeopleinNewYork?四、漢譯英。1.最近每個人都很忙。2.—你假期做什么有趣的事了嗎？

—是的。我去北京了。Everyoneisverybusythesedays.—Didyoudoanythingfunonyourvacation?—Yes,Idid.IwenttoBeijing.3.你假期過得怎么樣？

Howwasyourvacation?4.晚上沒有什么事可做，只好看書。

Therewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutreading.5.我給我父母買了一些禮物，卻沒給自己買。

Iboughtsomegiftsformyparents,butnothingformyself.1.Itwassunny.2.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.3.SheplayedsoccerlastSunday.4.Hecleanedhisroomlastweek.

Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?

DidsheplaysoccerlastSunday?

Didhecleanhishomeworklastweek?Was

itsunny?

一、改成一般疑問句鞏固練習1.Itwassunny.2.Ididmyhomework

yesterday.3.Hecleanedhisroom

lastweek.4.

Theyhadasummercamplastweekend.5.Myfatherwenttothebeach

threeyearsago.6.TomandJackstudiedforthetest

threedaysago.

Ididn’t

domyhomeworkyesterday.

Hedidn’t

cleanhisroomlast

week.二、改成否定句Itwasnotsunny.

Theydidn’t

haveasummercamplast

weekend.

Myfatherdidn’t

gotothebeachthreeyears

ago.

TomandJackdidn’t

studyforthetestthreedays

ago.1.He

____here

only

a

few

minutes

_____.僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。2.I

____

home

just

____.我剛回到家。

3.I

________

very

early

this

morning.今天早晨我起床很早。4.He

________

for

school

again

today.今天他又遲到了。5.I_____myroom_____week.

上周我打掃了我的房間。6.I____myhomework_________morning.

昨天早晨我做了家庭作業(yè)。三、根據(jù)漢語完成句子，每空一詞。wasagocamenowgotupwaslatecleanedlastdidyesterdayLastsummer,I______tothebeachwithmyparents.Myvacation_____prettygood.I____therebybus_____mybustrip______relaxing.Thebeach______verybeautiful.It_______sunny.I_________beachvolleyballand______swimming.Thepeople______friendlyandthefoodwas________.I__________myvacationverymuchandI_________togothereagain.wentwaswentandwaswaswasweredeliciousenjoyedhopeplayedwentWriteaboutyourvacationandgiveareport.GrammarFocusWheredidyougoonvacation?IwenttoNewYorkCity.Didyougooutwithanyone?No,Noonewashere.Everyone

wasonvacation.Didyoubuy

anythingspecial?

Yes,Ibought

somethingformyfather.No,Ibought

nothing.Howwasthefood?Everything

tastedreallygood.Did

everyonehaveagoodtime?Oh,yes,Everything

wasexcellentReadandfind動發(fā)現(xiàn)二復合不定代詞some,any,no,every與-one,-body,-thing可以組成12個不定代詞，他們分別是：某人某事任何人任何事沒有人沒有東西每人一切someonesomebodyanyone\anybodynoone\nobodyeveryoneeverybodysomethinganythingnothingeverything動【用法】1.觀察Let’sdosomething

interesting.Didyoubuyanything

special?當形容詞修飾不定代詞時，應(yīng)放在其____(前面/后面)。

e.g.

讓我們給她不同的東西吃。Let's

give

her

something

different

to

eat

.

我有一些重要的事情告訴你。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.鞏固練習：這本書里有什么新東西嗎？Isthere______________inthisbook?

今天沒有什么特別的事。There’s________________today.

后面anythingnewnothingspecial動2.觀察Everyoneinthisvillageisfriendly.Nobody

knowswhatthefuturewillbelike.復合不定代詞作主語時，都作_____(單數(shù)/復數(shù))看待，其謂語動詞用_____________形式。相應(yīng)的人稱代詞和物主代詞用單數(shù)he,him,his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文體中常用復數(shù)代詞they,them,their.

第二部分為-thing的復合代詞只能用于指物。相應(yīng)的人稱代詞也只能用it，而不用they。

e.g.

Something____(is/are)wrongwithmywatch.

我的手表出了點毛病。Well,everyone______(want)towin.是的，每個人都想贏。

單數(shù)單數(shù)第三人稱iswantsEveryoneknowsthis,doesn’the[don’tthey]?Everythingisready,isn’tit?一切都準備好了，是嗎?動3.some-的復合不定代詞常用于肯定句中；any-類的復合不定代詞一般用于否定句或疑問句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用于肯定句或條件從句中，表示“任何東西；任何人”。e.g.Ididn’tseeanythingintheroom.DoyouknowanythingaboutEnglishlearning?IfanyoneseesLisa,askhertocallme.鞏固練習：我想吃點東西。I’dlike___________toeat.今天有人給我打電話嗎？Did______callmetoday?somethinganyone

但是，在Wouldyoulikesometea?這類問句中則用some,而不用any,這是因為問話者希望得到對方肯定的答復。復合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所組成的不定代詞。復合不定代詞包括something,?somebody,?someone,?anything,?anybody,?anyone,?nothing,?nobody,?none,?everything,?everybody,?everyone等十二個。這些復合代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)，在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。復合不定代詞的構(gòu)成某人某事任何人任何事沒有人沒有東西每人一切someone復合不定代詞anyonenooneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything指物指人復合不定代詞用法例句something常用于肯定句中Youcaneatsomethingfirst.anything常用于否定句及疑問句中Ididn’teatanythingforlunch.Didyoueatanythingforlunch?用于肯定句中Youcantakeanythingyoulike.復合不定代詞用法例句everything用于肯定句、否定句及疑問句中Hersoniseverythingtoher.Moneyisn’teverything.Howiseverything?nothing用于否定句，相當于notanythingIhavenothingtosaynow.=Idon’thaveanythingtosaynow.復合不定代詞用法例句someone常用肯定句中Isawsomeoneinthatroom.anyone常用否定句及疑問句中Ididn’tseeanyoneintheroom.Didanyonecallmeyesterday?用肯定句中Anyonecandothat.復合不定代詞用法例句everyone用于肯定句、否定句及疑問句中Everyoneisheretoday.Everyonedoesn’tlikethefoodhere.Dideveryoneinyourclassgoforatrip?noone常用于否定句中Noonewantstowalktothezoo.Let’sdosomethinginteresting.當形容詞修飾不定代詞時，應(yīng)放其后。

e.g.

這本書里有什么新東西嗎？Isthere______________inthisbook?

今天沒有什么特別的事。There’s________________today.anythingnewnothingspecialEveryoneinthisvillageisfriendly.Nobodyknowswhatthefuturewillbelike.復合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

e.g.

Something____(is/are)wrongwithmywatch.

我的手表出了點毛病。Well,everyone______(want)towin.

是的，每個人都想贏。iswants一般疑問句中，當問話人希望得到對方肯定回答時，要用some-類的復合不定代詞；當問話人只是提出問題，對回答沒有傾向性時，用any-類的復合不定代詞。

a.Doyouhavesomethingtotellme?你有事要告訴我吧？b.Doyouhaveanythingtotellme?有什么事要告訴我嗎？a表示說話人期望有事告訴他，b無此含義。a.Didsomebodyphonelastnight?昨晚有人來電話了吧？b.Didanybodyphonelastnight?昨晚有人來過電話嗎？a意味著說話人期望或預(yù)料有人來過電話，b無此含義。no-類的復合不定代詞表示否定的意義。e.g.Welookedbutsawnothing.【注意】not...anywhere=nowhere.

意為“任何地方都沒有”。

如：Momcouldn’tfindherIDcardanywhere.

=MomcouldfindherIDcardnowhere.媽媽到處找不到她的身份證。【口訣】

復合代詞美名揚，修飾成分后邊藏。

如果它來當主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。動3aFillintheblankswiththewordsintheboxandpracticetheconversation.Linda:Didyoudo_________funonyourvacation,Alice?Alice:Yes,Idid.IwenttoSanya.Linda:Howdidyoulikeit?Alice:Well,itwasmyfirsttimethere,so_________wasreallyinteresting.Linda:Didyougowith________?Alice:Yes,Idid.Iwentwithmysister.Linda:Didyougoshopping?Alice:Ofcourse!Ibought________formyparents,but_________formyself.

anyonesomethinganythingeverythingnothing方法指導：首先，應(yīng)通讀對話，掌握短文大意；其次，回顧一下復合不定代詞的用法。然后，仔細閱讀每個句子，根據(jù)空格前后的詞語進行推敲。比如，第一句話是一個一般疑問句，空格前有do一詞，可知空格處應(yīng)anything一詞，意為“做什么事情”。其他類似。anythingeverythinganyonesomethingnothing動自主探究1.Iboughtsomethingformyparents,butnothingformyself.___________________________________________Whydidn'tyoubuyanythingforyourself?___________________________________________myself意為_____,yourself意為_____,像這樣表示“某人自己的詞”叫_________。myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself我自己你自己他自己她自己它自己ourselvesyourselvesthemselves我們自己你們自己他們自己我給父母買了一些東西，但給自己什么也沒買。你為什么不給自己買東西呢？我自己你自己反身代詞反身代詞有：動1)Didyoubuyanything

for

yourself?

你為你自己買什么東西了嗎?（做介詞賓語）2)Theoldman

taught

himself

English.

那位老人自學英語。（做動詞賓語）3)

Thething

itselfisnotimportant.事情本身并不重要。（做同位語）4)

I

myselfvisitedmyauntlastweekend.

上周我自己去拜訪了姑姑。(做同位語)

反身代詞用法：動2.Howdidyoulikeit?________________________句型：Howdo/didyoulike…?意思是“_________”，相當于Whatdoyouthinkof...?，和

Howdoyoufeelabout…?意為“某人過得……怎么樣？”。如：

HowdoyouliketheTVshow?=____________________theTVshow?你覺得這個電視節(jié)目怎么樣？Whatdoyouthinkof你覺得它怎么樣？你覺得…怎樣？anythingeveryone/anyoneEverythingnothingnoone1.WheredidMarkgoonvacation?2.Howwashisvacation?3.Whatwastheonlyproblem?4.Whatdidtheydothere?anythingeveryone/anyoneEverythingnothingnoone稱呼，正文結(jié)束語Whenyouwriteanemail:“Byfornow”英語口語，接近“暫時，就此”的意思，常在書信，電郵的結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)Therearesomeimportantimpressionsinthemessage.Theonlyproblemis/wasthat…nothingmuchtodobutreadseemtobe…Byefornow!動3.Stillnooneseemed

tobebored.

________________________________seem意為“好像；似乎；看來”，其主要用法如下：seem+(tobe)+adj.

如：Themovie___________________.這部電影似乎很有趣。seemtodosth.

如：Theboy__________nothingaboutit.這個孩似乎對它一無所知。Itseemsthat...

如:ItseemsthatMr.Zhangisathome.張先生好像在家。seemlike…“好像，似乎……”。

Itseemslikeagoodidea.它好像是個好主意。仍然沒有人似乎看起來無聊。seems(tobe)interestingseemstoknow自主探究4.Theonlyproblemwasthattherewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread._________________________________________

nothingmuchtodo意為“沒什么事可做”。

a.Ihave____________________thisafternoon.

今天下午我沒什么特殊的事可做。

b.Thereis_________________，soIgotobedearly.

沒什么事可做，因此我就早早睡覺了。拓展：nothing…but…意為“除……之外什么也沒有；只有”。but后可接名詞或動詞原形。

a.Ihadnothingbutacupofteathismorning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。

b.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.我無事可做，只有看電視。nothingmuchtodonothingmuchtodo唯一的問題是晚上除了讀書沒什么事可做。Didyou…EveryoneSomeone(writetheclassmates’name)Nooneeatanything

atarestaurant?readanythinginteresting?visitanyoneinyourfamily?buyanything?keepadiary?Askyourgroupquestionsabouttheirlastvacation.Thentelltheclassyourresults.Inourgroup,everyoneatesomethingatarestaurant...3cInourgroup,everyoneatesomethingatarestaurant.Noonereadanythinginteresting.LiLeivisitedhisgrandparentsinthetown.LiuXueboughtsomethinginteresting.XuLikeptadiary.Nowworkbyyourselves.Thengiveyourownreportonyourgroup.Report1.YesterdayMom________mesomemoneytobuyadictionary.A.gives

B.gave C.hasgiven D.wasgiving

B一般過去時2.On

January

29th,

2020,

Zhong

Nanshanandhisteam_____over

four

hoursonline_____fivepatients

who

were

seriously

ill,

and

made

a

treatment

plan

for

those

patients.

A.

spent;

checking B.

spent;

to

check C.

spend;

checking D.

spend;

to

check

A3.Sally_______whereshehadleftthecarandthepolicefounditthismorning.A.forgotB.hasforgotten C.forgets

D.hadforgotten

4.

Ericoften______hisauntbeforehemovedtothecity.A.hasvisited B.visits C.visited

AC1.________hopesforasweethomeasitprovidesuswithwarmthandtrust.A.None B.Everyone C.Nobody D.Somebody(2020·江蘇揚州中考)2.—It’sunbelievablethat5Gtechnologyisprogressinginsucharapidway!—_______isimpossible.A.SomethingB.AnythingC.NothingD.Everything(2020湖北宜昌中考)復合不定代詞BC3.—Haveyouasked_________aboutthecase?—No,exceptBob.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.somebody

4.—Sally,Ihave_______excitingtotellyou.Wewillgobacktoschoolsoon.—Great！A.anything B.something C.everything

ABgoshopping

購物keepadiary

記日記inthecountryside

在鄉(xiāng)下feedhens

喂母雞*anyone,someone,everyone,noone,anything,something,everything及nothing的用法*一般過去時的用法及動詞過去式的變化Ⅰ.從方框中選擇合適的詞語填空，使每個句子在結(jié)構(gòu)、句意和邏輯上正確。1.Thereis_______inthebox.Itisempty(空的).2.____________isreadynowfortheparty.Let'sstart.3.—Isthere__________importantintoday'snews?—No,thereisn't.4.—Wouldyoulike___________toeat,Emily?—Yes.Twocakes,please.

something,everything,anything,nothingnothingEverythinganythingsomethingsomeone,everyone,anyone,noone5.—Did_______callmewhenIwasout,Alice?—Yes.Bobcalledyou.

6.I'mverybusy.Iwant_________tohelpmewithmywork.7.Thegameisverypopular.__________isinterestedinit.8.—Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?—_______.Ididitallbymyself.anyone

someoneEveryoneNoone動一、單項選擇ClassTest1.Ihave____totellyou.A.anythinginterestingB.somethinginterestingC.interestinganything