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英語寫作課外輔學(xué)資料提供者:蔡其倫(邯鄲學(xué)院)PAGEPAGE1英語常見同義或近義詞組辨析蔡其倫著邯鄲學(xué)院外國語學(xué)院2012年9月24號英語常見易混易錯(cuò)同義(近義)詞組辨析與精練1.clothes,cloth,clothing

clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù),cloth指布,為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.incident,accident

incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.amount,number

amount后接不可數(shù)名詞,number后接可數(shù)名詞anumberofstudents

4.family,house,home

home家,包括住處和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成員.Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.sound,voice,noise

sound自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.

6.photo,picture,drawing

photo用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片,picture可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing畫的畫。

Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.

7.vocabulary,word

vocabulary詞匯,一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量,word具體的單詞Hehasalargevocabulary.

8.population,people

population人口,人數(shù),people具體的人Chinahasalargepopulation.

9.weather,climate

weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate長期的氣候狀況Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.

10.road,street,path,way

road具體的公路,馬路,street街道,path小路,小徑,way道路,途徑。takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.

11.course,subject

course課程(可包括多門科目),subject科目(具體的學(xué)科)asummercourse

12.custom,habit

custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗,習(xí)俗,也可指生活習(xí)慣,后接todo,habit生活習(xí)慣,習(xí)慣成自然,后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

13.cause,reason

cause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate

14.exercise,exercises,practice

exercise運(yùn)動(dòng),鍛煉(不可數(shù)),exercises練習(xí)(可數(shù)),practice(反復(fù)做的)練。Practicemakesperfect.

15.class,lesson

作"課"解時(shí),兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學(xué)生用class.lesson6;class5

16.speech,talk,lecture

speech指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說,talk日常生活中的一般的談話,講話,lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講,講課aseriesoflectureon…

17.officer,official

officer部隊(duì)的軍官,official政府官員anarmyofficer

18.work,job

二者均指工作。work不可數(shù),job可數(shù)agoodjob

19.couple,pair

couple主要指人或動(dòng)物,pair多指由兩部分組成的東西apairoftrousers

20.country,nation,state,land

country側(cè)重指版圖,疆域,nation指人民,國民,民族,state側(cè)重指政府,政體,land國土,國家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.

21.cook,cooker

cook廚師,cooker廚具Heisagoodcook.

22.damage,damages

damage不可數(shù)名詞,損害,損失;damages復(fù)數(shù)形式,賠償金$900damages

23.police,policeman

police警察的總稱,后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,policeman指某個(gè)具體的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.

24.problem,question

problem常和困難連系,前面的動(dòng)詞常為thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑問連系,多和ask,answer連用

25.man,aman

man人類,aman一個(gè)男人Manwillconquernature.

26.chick,chicken

二者均可指小雞,chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉Thechickenisdelicious.

27.telegram,telegraph

當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí),telegram指具體的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph

28.trip,journey,travel,voyage

travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長的旅途,voyage指海上航行。

athree-daytrip

29.sport,game

sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng),如打球,游泳,打獵,賽馬等;game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則Hisfavoritesportisswimming.

30.price,prize

price價(jià)格,prize獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.

31.anumberof,thenumberof

anumberof許多,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof…的數(shù)目,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.

32.infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof范圍外的前面,inthefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.

33.oftheday,ofaday

oftheday每一天的,當(dāng)時(shí)的,當(dāng)代的,ofaday暫時(shí)的,不長久的afamousscientistoftheday

34.threeofus,thethreeofus

threeofus我們(不止三個(gè))中的三個(gè),thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€(gè)(就三個(gè)人)ThethreeofusTom,JackandIwenttothecinema.

35.bybus,onthebus

bybus表手段,方式,不用冠詞,onthebus表范圍Theywenttherebybus.

36.foramoment,forthemoment

foramoment片刻,一會(huì)兒,forthemoment暫時(shí),一時(shí)Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.

37.nextyear,thenextyear

nextyear將來時(shí)間狀語,thenextyear過去將來時(shí)間狀語:Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.

38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear

morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超過一年(兩年或三年等)

39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice

takeadvice征求意見,taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.

40.takeair,taketheair

takeair傳播,走漏,taketheair到戶外去,散步Wetaketheaireveryday.

41.inaword,inwords

inaword總之,一句話,inwords口頭上Inaword,youareright.

42.inplaceof,intheplaceof

inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.

43.insecret,inthesecret

insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語;inthesecret知道內(nèi)情,知道秘密,

一般用作表語Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.

44.agirl,onegirl

agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一個(gè)女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?

45.takeachair,takethechair

takeachair相當(dāng)于sitdown坐下,takethechair開始開會(huì)

46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea

gotosea當(dāng)海員,出航,bysea乘船,由海路,bythesea在海邊gobysea

47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher

thedoctorandteacher指一個(gè)人,既是醫(yī)生又是老師,thedoctorandtheteacher兩個(gè)人,一個(gè)醫(yī)生和一個(gè)老師thedoctorandteacheris

48.inoffice,intheoffice

inoffice在職的,intheoffice在辦公室里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.

49.inbed,onthebed

inbed臥在床上,onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.

50.inchargeof,inthechargeof

inchargeof管理,負(fù)責(zé)照料,inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.

51.inclass,intheclass

inclass在課上,intheclass在班級里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.

52.onfire,onthefire

onfire著火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.

53.outofquestion,outofthequestion

outofquestion毫無疑問的,outofthequestion不可能的

54.asecond,thesecond

asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.

55.byday,bytheday

byday白天,bytheday按天計(jì)算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.

56.thepeople,apeople

thepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.

57.it,one

it同一物體,one同類不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.

58.that,this

that指代上文所提到的,this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的Iwasill.That'swhy…

59.none,nothing,noone

none強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少,nothing,noone強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有,nothing指物,noone指人。Howmany…/Howmuch…?None.

60.anyone,anyone

anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyou

61.who,what

who指姓名或關(guān)系,what指職業(yè)或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.

62.what,which

what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的,which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇。Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?

63.other,another

other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),another后接名詞單數(shù)otherstudents,anotherstudent

64.notalittle,notabit

notalittle非常,notabit一點(diǎn)也不I'mnotabittired.我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。

65.many,much,alotof

many和可數(shù)名詞連用,much和不可數(shù)名詞連用,alotof可數(shù),不可數(shù)均可,但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.

66.muchmore…than,manymore…than

muchmore…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞,manymore…than后接可數(shù)名詞manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful

67.no,not

no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater

68.nomorethan,notmorethan

nomorethan相當(dāng)于only,僅僅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超過

69.majority,most

majority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可themajorityofpeople

70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself

byoneself單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的,foroneself為自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,自動(dòng)的Thedooropenedofitself.

71.atall,afterall

atall根本,全然,afterall到底,畢竟Afterallheisachild.

72.tall,high

tall常指人或動(dòng)物,high常指物體Heistall.

73.fast,quickly

fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn),quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly

74.high,highly

high具體的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof

75.healthy,healthful

healthy健康的,健壯的,healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise

76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy

sleeping正在睡覺,asleep睡著,熟睡,只能做表語,sleepy困的,有睡意的。asleepingbaby;Thebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.

77.gold,golden

gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金魚用goldfishagoldring

78.most,mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中,相當(dāng)于very,當(dāng)大部分,大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞,

mostly大部分,是副詞mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…

79.just,very

just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞,作狀語,very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞,用作定語theveryman,justtheman

80.wide,broad

wide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離,broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broadshoulders

81.real,true

real真的,真實(shí)的,指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合realgold,atruestory

82.respectful,respectable

respectful尊敬,有禮貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged

83.outwards,outward

二者均可用作副詞,表示向外,外面,outward還可用作形容詞anoutwardvoyage

84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing

pleasant常用作定語,pleased,pleasing常用作表語,pleased主語常為人,

pleasing主語常為物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.

85.understanding,understandable

understanding明白事理的,能體諒的,understandable可理解的,能夠懂的。anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake

86.close,closely

close接近,靠近,closely緊緊地,緊密地closelyconnected,standclose

87.ill,sick

ill做表語,sick定,表均可asickboy

88.good,well

good形容詞,well副詞,但指身體狀況是形容詞Heiswellagain.

89.quiet,silent,still

quiet安靜的,可以發(fā)出小的聲音,silent不發(fā)出聲音,但可以動(dòng),still完全不動(dòng),完全無聲響Hestandtherestill.他站在那兒,一動(dòng)不動(dòng),也不說話。

90.hard,hardly

hard努力,hardly幾乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.

91.able,capable

able與不定式todo連用,capable與of連用Heiscapableofdoing…

92.almost,nearly

二者均為"幾乎,差不多"和否定詞連用用almostalmostnobody

93.late,lately

late遲,晚,lately最近,近來Ihaven'tseenhimlately.

94.living,alive,live,lively

living,alive,live均為活著的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定語后置,live只能做定語,lively意為活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive

95.excited,exciting

excited使人興奮的,exciting令人興奮的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.

96.deep,deeply

deep具體的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地deeplymoved,digdeep

97.aloud,loud

aloud出聲地,loud大聲地readaloud(出聲地讀)

98.worth,worthy

二者均為值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdone

Itisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.

99.bad,badly

bad形容詞,badly副詞,不好,但與need,want,require連用為"很,非常"gobad

Ineedthebookbadly.

100.beforelong,longbefore

beforelong不久以后,longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong101.quite,rather

quite完全地,相當(dāng)于completely,rather修飾比較級quiteimpossible

102.happy,glad

happy高興,幸福,定表均可,glad高興,只能做表語ahappygirl

103.instead,insteadof

instead是副詞,放在句首或句末,insteadof是介詞短語,放在句中

Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.

HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.

104.toomuch,muchtoo

toomuch后接不可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo后接形容詞muchtooheavy

105.beaboutto,begoingto,betodo

beaboutto表最近的將來,后面不接時(shí)間狀語,begoingto側(cè)重打算,想法,

betodo側(cè)重意志,計(jì)劃,安排I'mtomeethim.(含雙方事先約好的意思)

106.raise,rise

raise及物動(dòng)詞,rise不及物動(dòng)詞Thesunrisesintheeast.

107.bring,take,carry,fetch

bring拿來,take帶走,carry隨身攜帶,fetch去回這一往返動(dòng)作fetchaboxofchalk

108.spend,take,pay,cost

spend人做主語,花錢,花時(shí)間;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主語,花時(shí)間;

pay人做主語,花錢,payfor;cost物做主語,花錢

109.join,joinin,takepartin

join加入某個(gè)組織,并成為其中的一員;joinin參加小型的活動(dòng),joinsb.in;

takepartin參加大型的活動(dòng)Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.

110.learn,study

learn學(xué)習(xí),側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果,study學(xué)習(xí),側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過程,研究。studytheproblem

111.want,hope,wish

want打算,想要,wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望(通常可以實(shí)現(xiàn)),hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望(通常不能實(shí)現(xiàn))wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.

112.discover,invent,findout

discover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西,invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體,findout發(fā)現(xiàn),查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.

113.answer,reply

answer及物動(dòng)詞,reply不及物動(dòng)詞,后接toreplytotheletter

114.leave,leavefor

leave離開,leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.

115.rob,steal

rob搶劫robsb.ofsth.,steal偷stealsth.fromsb.

116.shoot,shootat

shoot射死,shootat瞄準(zhǔn),但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.

117.drop,fall

drop及物不及物均可,fall不及物動(dòng)詞Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.

118.search,searchfor

search后接地點(diǎn),searchfor后接?xùn)|西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.

119.usedto,beusedto

usedto過去常常,beusedto習(xí)慣于,后接sth./doingsth.;被用來,后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.

120.win,lose,beat

win后接sth.,反義詞為lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem

121.liveon,liveby

liveon以…為主食,liveby靠…謀生liveonfish/livebyfishing

122.beat,hit,strike

beat連續(xù)性地?fù)舸颍籬it打中,對準(zhǔn)打;strike打一下或若干下beatthewings

123.meet,meetwith

meet遇到,meetwith體驗(yàn)到,遭遇到meetwithanaccident

124.lose,miss

lose失去(具體的物體),錯(cuò)過sth.islost,losethechance;miss想念,錯(cuò)過sth.ismissing,

missthechance

125.betiredof,betiredwith/from

betiredof厭煩…,betiredwith/from因?yàn)椤哿薭etiredwith/fromrunning800meters

126.careabout,carefor

careabout關(guān)心,計(jì)較,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;carefor關(guān)心,照料,喜歡,愿意

Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.

127.catchacold,haveacold

catchacold不能和表示"一段時(shí)間"的狀語連用,而haveacold可以

Shehashadacoldforaweek.

128.changefor,changeinto

changefor調(diào)換成,changeinto變成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.

129.continue,last

二者均為持續(xù),continue主動(dòng),被動(dòng)均可,last只能用主動(dòng)Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.

130.feed,raise

feed喂養(yǎng),養(yǎng)活,飼養(yǎng)(togivefoodto),raise飼養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)

raisethefamily

131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor

goforadoctor去請醫(yī)生,gotoadoctor去看病

132.notice,observe,catchsightof

notice注意到,observe觀察,仔細(xì)地看,catchsightof突然看到observethestars

133.insiston,stickto

insiston堅(jiān)持要求,后常接doing,stickto堅(jiān)持,后常接sth.sticktotheplan

134.look,seem,appear

look指從外表上看,seem指內(nèi)心的判斷,appear指給人以表面的印象appearwise,

looklikehisfather

135.gather,collect

gather把分散的東西集中到一起,collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集collectstamps

136.meantodo,meandoing

meantodo打算,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味著

BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.

137.diefrom,dieof

diefrom表示死于(槍)傷,虛弱,過度勞累,飲食過度等,dieof表示死于疾病,饑餓,

寒冷,年老,憂愁,失戀等精神因素dieofhungerandcold

138.payfor,payback,payoff

payfor為…付錢,payback還錢,但不一定還清,payoff還清payforthebook,payoffthedebt

139.divide,separate

divide把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分,separate把連在一起的個(gè)體分開

dividetheapple,separatethehouses

140.arrive,get,reach

arrive不及物動(dòng)詞,后接in(大地點(diǎn)),at(小地點(diǎn)),get不及物動(dòng)詞后接to,reach及物動(dòng)詞

arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing

141.grow,plant

grow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去,plant移植,移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物

plantthetrees,treesaregrowing

142.manage,try

managetodo設(shè)法做成了某事,trytodo盡力去做某事但不一定成功。Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.

143.choose,select

choose憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇,select有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇choosethebestanswer

144.build,putup,setup,found

build一般用語,建成,putup臨時(shí)搭建,setup建成(內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全),

found國家或組織的建成putupatent,setupaschool

145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith

befamiliarto某物對某人來說是熟悉的,befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物。Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.

146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon

agreewith同意某人,agreeto同意某事,agreeon在…上達(dá)成一致意見,主語是復(fù)數(shù)agreewithyou,agreetotheplan

147.throwto,throwatthrowto扔到…,throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.

148.receive,accept

receive收到某一東西,但不一定接受,accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.

149.wear,puton,dress

wear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進(jìn)行時(shí),dress接人,bedressedin,puton表動(dòng)作

It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.

150.listen,hearlisten強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,hear強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.

151.look,see,watch

look看的動(dòng)作,see看的結(jié)果,watch強(qiáng)調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動(dòng)和發(fā)展watchTV

152.lie,laylie躺,位于(lay,lain),說謊(lied,lied),lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook

153.workas,actas

workas工作是…,actas充當(dāng)某種職務(wù)或身份,或扮演某種角色Heworksasateacher.

Heactsasaninterpreter.

154.move,remove

move動(dòng)一動(dòng),但不一定移走,remove從一處移到另一處removethetabletothekitchen

155.hurt,injure,wound

hurt感情上受傷,injure事故中受傷,wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷Hewaswoundedinthewar.

156.turn,get,grow

turn表突變,后常接表顏色的詞,get強(qiáng)調(diào)變的結(jié)果,grow強(qiáng)調(diào)過程,逐漸的變化

turnyellow,gettired,growbig

157.close,shut,turnoff

close和shut當(dāng)關(guān)解時(shí)可以通用,用于可開合的物體,turnoff用于指有開關(guān)的物體

Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.

158.setout,setabout,setoff

指出發(fā),著手解時(shí),setout后接todo,setabout后接doing,setoff后接forsp.

159.begin,start

begin側(cè)重時(shí)間的開始,反義詞為end,start側(cè)重由靜到動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)折,反義詞為stop

Classbeginsat7:30a.m.

160.happen,takeplace

happen偶然性的沒有預(yù)料到的事情的發(fā)生,takeplace必然性的發(fā)生

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.

161.at,in(表地點(diǎn))at小地點(diǎn),in大地點(diǎn)arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai

162.atwork,inworkatwork在工作,在上班,inwork有職業(yè),有工作

Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenotathome.

163.increaseto,increaseby

increaseto增長到…,increaseby增長了…Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.

164.atease,witheaseatease舒適地,安逸地;withease容易地,無困難地doitwithease

165.dayafterday,daybyday

dayafterday日復(fù)一日(無變化);daybyday一天天地(有變化)Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.

166.like,aslike相似關(guān)系,但并不等同,as同一關(guān)系,兩者實(shí)為一體

Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'machild.)

167.after,in(表時(shí)間)after接時(shí)間點(diǎn),in接時(shí)間段after7:00,infiveminutes

168.between,among

between兩者之間,三者或三者以上兩兩之間,among三者或三者以上之間

SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.

169.after,behind(表位置)

after強(qiáng)調(diào)次序的先后,behind強(qiáng)調(diào)物體靜態(tài)位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.

170.since,for(完成時(shí)間狀語)

since接點(diǎn)時(shí)間或一句話,for接一段時(shí)間forthreeyears,since3:00

171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorner

onthecorner物體表面的角上,inthecorner物體內(nèi)部的角落里,atthecorner物體外部的角落上(拐角處)onthecornerofthetable

172.warnsb.of,warnsb.against

warnsb.of提醒某人注意某事,warnsb.against提醒某人不要做某事。warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartoftheriver

173.atpeace,inpeaceatpeace平靜地,inpeace和平地liveinpeacewithone'sneighbors

174.onearth,ontheearth,intheearth

onearth在世上,在人間,到底,究竟,一點(diǎn)也不,ontheearth在地上,在地球上,intheearth在地下,在泥土里nouseonearth

175.insurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurprise

insurprise驚奇地,toone'ssurprise使某人吃驚的是,bysurprise使…驚慌。Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.

176.intheair,ontheair,inthesky

intheair正在醞釀中,ontheair播送,廣播,inthesky在天空中

Hisshowisontheairat6:00tonight.

177.inthefield,onthefield

inthefield在野外,onthefield在戰(zhàn)場上Helosthislifeonthefield.

178.inthemarket,onthemarket

inthemarket表示場所或地點(diǎn),在市場上,onthemarket出售

Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetablesareonthemarketnow.

179.inthesun,underthesun

inthesun在陽光下,underthesun地球上,全世界peopleunderthesun

180.inavoice,withonevoice

inavoice出聲地,withonevoice異口同聲地Theyrefusedwithonevoice.

181.through,acrossthrough穿越空間,across在…上穿過throughtheforest,acrossthedesert

182.ontheway,intheway

ontheway在前往…的路上,intheway擋路Thechairisintheway.

183.above,on,overabove在上面,不接觸,on在上面,接觸,over在正上方flyoverthehill

184.until,not…until

until到…為止,not…until直到…才(常跟點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞連用)Iwaiteduntil3:00.Hedidn'tcomeuntil3:00.

185.besides,except,exceptfor

besides除了…還(包括在內(nèi))except除了(不包括在內(nèi)),exceptfor整體…除了某一點(diǎn)以外Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.

186.whether,if

當(dāng)是否解時(shí),只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換,其余都用whether,當(dāng)如果解時(shí)用ifIdon'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I'llletyouknow.

187.and,or

and并且,or或者,否則,常用于否定句中Idon'tlikeapplesorbananas.

Hurryupandyou'llcatchthebus.Hurryuporyou'llmissthebus.

188.because,since,as,for

原因由強(qiáng)到弱為:because,since/as,for.在句中的位置如下:1)…because…2)Since/as…,…

3)…,for…SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgo.

189.when,as,while(表時(shí)間)

when從句動(dòng)詞點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞均可,as重在表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,伴隨進(jìn)行,

while從句動(dòng)詞為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.

190.thesame…as,thesame…that

thesame…as和…一樣的(相似但不同一),thesame…that同一物體

ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.(同一支筆)

191.aswell,aswellas

aswell也,常放于句末,和and連用表示既…又;aswellas并列連詞,不但…而且…

Heisaprofessor,andawriteraswell.

192.such…as,such…that

such…as像…樣的,such…that如此…以至于Heisnotsuchafoolashelookslike.

Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.

193.because,becauseof

because連詞,連接兩句話,becauseof介詞短語,后接詞或短語

Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.

194.inorderthat,inorderto

表目的,inorderthat后接句子,inorderto后接動(dòng)詞原形

Igotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.

195.forexample,suchas

forexample一般只列舉一個(gè),suchas列舉多個(gè)例子

IhavebeentoalotofAmericancities,suchasNewYork,AtlantaandChicago.

196.usedto,would

表過去常常,和現(xiàn)在相對應(yīng)用usedto,不提現(xiàn)在用would

Iusedtogetupearly,butnowIdon't.

197.Allright.That'sallright.That'sright.

Allright.That'sallright.當(dāng)好吧解時(shí),可以替換;當(dāng)不客氣,沒關(guān)系解時(shí)只能用

That'sallright.That'sright.那是對的Sorry.That'sallright.

198.such…that,so…that

當(dāng)如此…以至于解時(shí),such…that修飾名詞,so…that修飾形容詞或副詞,

但名詞前面如果有many,much,little,few修飾用so…that,不用suchthat

somanypeoplethat…suchalovelyboy=solovelyaboy

199.so+be(have,can,do)+主語,neither(nor)+be(have,can,do)+主語

也一樣,肯定用so…否定用neither(nor)Ican'tplaytennis.NorcanI.

200.ShallI…?Willyou…?ShallI…?征求對方意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵荆鉃槲夷堋瓎幔?/p>

Willyou…?請求或建議對方做某事,意為你愿意…嗎?Willyouhelpme?Yes,Iwill.201.compete、contest和match三個(gè)字都作「競爭」和「比賽」解,其間有什么差別呢?

Compete指兩個(gè)(或一些)人或派別之間,為達(dá)到某種目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行的競爭。例如﹕

Onlytwomenarecompetingforthecup(只有兩人在爭奪獎(jiǎng)杯)。TheUSandIraqiarmieswerecompetingforvictoryinthebattle(美伊兩軍打仗時(shí)各自在爭取勝利)。

Contest是為奪取勝利而展開競爭或進(jìn)行比賽,或?yàn)楂@得控制權(quán)或某種優(yōu)勢而爭奪。例如﹕

Therearethreecandidatesenteringthecontestforthepresidency(有三名侯選人參加總統(tǒng)競選)。若作為及物動(dòng)詞,contest亦可解作「提出異議」,例如﹕Thefatherofthedeceasedbillionaireconteststhewill(那已過身的億萬富豪之父對遺囑提出異議)。

Match則表示與人對抗或比試,例如﹕Theboymatcheshisstrengthwithhisbrother(男孩與其兄弟比試力氣)。

Match也可解作「匹敵」,例如﹕ForfoodnocountrycanmatchChina(至于食物,沒有一個(gè)國家可與中國媲美)。

Contest和match尚可作名詞用,習(xí)慣上說abeautycontest、aspeechcontest,但abasketballmatch。

202.Agreeto與Agreewith的分別

按agreewith是「贊成」,其受詞可以是人、計(jì)劃、分析、建議等,例如:

(1)Iagreewiththeproposal(我贊成這個(gè)建議)。

(2)Iagreewithhisanalysisofthesituation(我同意他對情況的分析)。

(3)Iagreewitheverywordyou’vejustsaid(你剛才說的每一個(gè)字我都同意)。

agreeto則可能不贊成,但仍然接受,例如:

(1)AsIhadnochoice,Ihadtoagreetotheirveryharshterms(我別無辦法,唯有答應(yīng)他們苛刻的要求)。

(2)Iagreetotheproposal(我可能不贊成,但仍接受這個(gè)建議)。

不少人都聽過以下說法:Youagreewithsomebodybutagreetosomething(同意某人的話,是agreewith;同意某件事,是agreeto)。

但請看張道真《現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典》所引英國小說家沃爾蒲(HughWalpole)

Theymightnotagreewithhisopinions(他們未必贊同他的意見)、

名作家王爾德(OscarWilde)

Idon'tagreewithasinglewordthatyouhavesaid(你說的話,我一個(gè)字都不贊同)

二語,你就會(huì)發(fā)覺「不能說agreewithsomething」的原則子虛烏有。

203.earnest、serious和solemn三字之間有何區(qū)別?

此三字均有「嚴(yán)肅的」之意,但其間有差別,或另有不同的意思,不宜錯(cuò)用。

Earnest即serious或over-serious,意為嚴(yán)肅的,或非常嚴(yán)肅的,例如﹕

HeisanearneststudentofEnglish.他學(xué)英文十分認(rèn)真。但不要說Iamearnest,而應(yīng)說Iaminearnest,與Iamserious意思相仿,可譯作「我是認(rèn)真的」。

Earnest亦可解作showingsincerity,意為態(tài)度熱誠,例如﹕

Heisearnestaboutgivinghissonagoodeducation.他熱切地要給兒子良好的教育。

Serious即dealingwithimportantissues或notjoking,意為嚴(yán)肅的,或不是說笑的,例如﹕

Iamseriousaboutdoingit.我做此事是當(dāng)真的。

但serious亦可解作severe,意為嚴(yán)重的,例如﹕Thiscountryisfacedwithaseriouscrisis.這個(gè)國家面臨一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)。

Solemn則是ofaveryseriousnature,或ofaformalnature,或sombreinappearance,意為

非常嚴(yán)重的,或莊嚴(yán)的,或老氣橫秋的,例如﹕

Theorganplayedsolemnmusic.風(fēng)琴奏出壯嚴(yán)的音樂。

Helookedassolemnasajudge.他神色凝重,看上去像個(gè)法官。

204.Sick和ill有甚么分別?

Sick、ill都解作「病了」,但英國人多說ill,美國人多說sick。Sheis/looksill或sheis/lookssick都是說「她病了/她一臉病容」。此外,ill一般不會(huì)用在名詞之前,例如「患病的孩子」多叫asickchild,很少叫anillchild,除非ill字有副詞(adverb)修飾,例如acriticallyillchild(病情危殆的孩子)。泛指病人,也多說thesick,很少說theill,例如:Hedevotedhislifetohelpingthesick(他一生致力幫助病人)?!覆〖佟埂ⅰ覆〖俳蛸N」也叫sickleave、sickpay,不用ill字。只是「健康不好」卻叫illhealth,不可叫sickhealth。

說患病,人是sick或ill都可以,但動(dòng)物一般是sick而不是ill,植物更是可sick不可ill,例如:Thepotplantsaresick(那些盆栽植物患?。?。Sick和ill最大的分別,在于sick可以指「作嘔」,ill卻不可以。所以暈船、暈車、暈飛機(jī)等,英文叫seasick、carsick、airsick?!杆钴囎鲊I」英文就是Shefeltsickinthecar。然則Iwassickyesterday是「我昨天病了」還是「我昨天嘔吐」?在美國,這得看情況能回答;在英國,則應(yīng)是指「我昨天嘔吐」和Iwasillyesterday(我昨天病了)不同。留意病情轉(zhuǎn)壞不可叫iller、sicker等,只可用worse來說,例如:Hefellillyesterdayandtodayheisworse(他昨天生病,今天病得更厲害)。

205.Real、genuine二字怎樣分別?

Real、genuine都可譯做「真的」。Genuine多用來指不是偽造的,但也可以說感情真摯,例

如:(1)Itismadeofgenuineleather(那是用真皮做的)。(2)Thereisagenuine

paintingbyPicasso(有一幅畢加索的真)。(3)Hehadagenuineinterestinchild

welfare(他真心關(guān)懷兒童福利)。

Real可以指「與現(xiàn)實(shí)相符」,例如:TheNankingmassacreisoneoftherealeventsis

historythatsomepeoplewouldratherforget(歷史上一些確鑿的事實(shí),是有些人寧愿忘記

的,例如南京大屠殺)。不過,real也有「名副其實(shí)」、「不是贗品」的含義,所以,「真皮」

譯做realleather也可以。你還可以說arealpainting、arealinterest等。Genuine強(qiáng)調(diào)的,是事物本身的真實(shí);real強(qiáng)調(diào)的,則是事實(shí)和名稱相符。

留意real還有「典型的」、「上好的」含義,多用來說食物,例如AtlastIwasabletoget

somerealcoffee(我終于喝到真正的咖啡了),是說這樣的咖啡才配稱咖啡,并非說其他是假咖啡。

206.Enclosed和Attached的分別

Toattach原指「釘或夾在一起」,用釘書機(jī)、萬字夾等把文件和信函釘或夾在一起,就是

attach;例如:Detailsofmyqualificationsandexperienceareontheattachedsheet。應(yīng)征信和履歷一般分別寫在不同的紙張,嚴(yán)格來說,如把信函和附件釘或夾在一起,該用attach一詞,如只信函和附件只是放在一起寄出,就該用enclosed。兩詞用法分明,主要是看信函和附件是否釘或夾在一起。查看日常有附件的信函,不難發(fā)覺,在現(xiàn)代英語中,enclosed和attached的用法己無分別。但假如附件不是文件,而是一件或一箱東西,就該有enclosed,例如:EnclosedarehalfadozensamplesoftheAH19004combsyourequested。因不能把梳子的樣本夾在信函上,故不應(yīng)用attached。

此外,有些人喜歡用比較傳的句法,例如:Pleasefindenclosed/attachedourlatestcatalogueforyourreference;比較簡單而意思一樣的寫法是:Enclosedisourlatestcatalogueforyourreference或Iencloseourlatestcatalogueforyourreference。切記不要在enclosed或attached之后加上herewith,因herewith是withthisletter的意思,加上后無疑是畫蛇添足。

207.everyday與everyday之間有何區(qū)別?

Everyday作形容詞,表示每天的,或日常的,或平凡的,例如﹕

Thisisamatterofeverydayoccurrence.這只是一件普通小事(平常事)。

至於everyday,則十分簡單,表示每一天,例如﹕

Shegoestoschooleveryday.她天天上學(xué)。

有些人要加強(qiáng)語氣,常在every和day之間加上single,例如﹕

Shecomestoseeuseverysingleday.她每天都來看我們。

208.Content和contents有什么分別

Content、contents都可以譯做「內(nèi)容」,但contents一般指具體的事物,content則指抽象的

意念。事物的成分,集合而言是contents,單獨(dú)而言是content,例如﹕(1)Thisbeverage

hasalowfatcontent(這種飲料的脂肪成分很低)。(2)Thecontentsofthebeverage

remainunclear(這種飲料的成分仍然不清楚)。

說容器里盛載的東西,一般都有實(shí)質(zhì),即contents,例如﹕Acustomsofficialcarefully

examinedthecontentsofthesuitcase(一位海關(guān)人員仔細(xì)檢查手提箱里的東西)。這個(gè)

contents沒有單數(shù)形式,不可說acontent。

書本的內(nèi)容是content還是contents﹖兩個(gè)說法都可以,但意思不同﹕content指貫徹全書的意念,contents則是指書中各章節(jié)的內(nèi)容。例如﹕(1)Thecontentofthebookisabout

keepingfit(這本書以保健為題材)。(2)Thecontentsofthebookarequiteinteresting

(這本書各章的內(nèi)容很有趣)。

由于contents指具體內(nèi)容,說書本的目錄,自然要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如﹕Atableofcontents/A

contentsusuallyprovidesausefulguidetowhatissaidinabook(看目錄,通??梢灾?/p>

一本書說的是什么)。

209.elderbrother、olderbrother及bigbrother有可區(qū)別?

Elderbrother用以表示兄弟長幼之分,例如﹕Heismyelderbrother.他是我的哥哥。

要注意,美國人常用olderbrother來代替elderbrother。

Olderbrother則有比較哥哥之間長幼的意思,例如﹕

Ihaveanolderbrother.雖可譯成「我有一個(gè)哥哥」,實(shí)際上卻表示「我有一個(gè)哥哥,他比此前提到過的另一個(gè)哥哥年長」。

Bigbrother也解作哥哥,或大哥,但亦可指無血緣關(guān)系的人,如社團(tuán)、童黨等的大佬。另外,奧威爾(GeorgeOrwell)小說《一九八四年》中有一個(gè)BigBrother,意為獨(dú)裁者,或「侵犯個(gè)人私隱,嚴(yán)控民眾的國家組織」。當(dāng)然,這是一個(gè)特例

210.如何辯析document和documentation

1.document應(yīng)該更c(diǎn)ommon一些,documentation在“文件的提供”的解釋方面是document所沒有的。

2.document是文件

documentation是較抽象、廣義的名詞,意思包括紀(jì)錄,文件整理,文件系統(tǒng)等等。

有人如此分辨:

document=文件documentation=文獻(xiàn)

3.簡單地說,document多指具體的文件和文檔,而documentation多指文件或文檔的編制,側(cè)重于編制文件這一動(dòng)作。當(dāng)然,后者也可以指文獻(xiàn)資料總稱。具體詳見它們的英文解釋。

4.可否把"form"歸結(jié)為“documentation"而非"document"?

問得好。就用這個(gè)例子解釋。

Form(s)本身,填好的,沒填好的,都是document(s).

填form的動(dòng)作、目的,將填好的forms(復(fù)數(shù))匯總建立系統(tǒng),建成的系統(tǒng)等等,就是documentation.

5.documentation(不可數(shù)名詞)

Documentationconsistsofdocumentswhichprovideprooforevidenceofsomething,orarearecordofsomething.

例:Passengersmustcarryproperdocumentation.

Document(可數(shù)名詞)

-Adocumentisoneormoreofficialpiecesofpaperwithwritingonthem.

-Adocumentisapieceoftextorgraphics,forexamplealetter,thatisstoredasafileonacomputerandthatyoucanaccessinordertoreaditorchangeit.

例:Whenyouarefinishedtyping,remembertosaveyourdocument.

Shecarefullyfiledallthedocuments.

6.參考文件使用"referencedocumentation"就比較適合,而一般的,如文件編號,文件名稱則直接使用“document”表達(dá)即可。

7.documentation是指一些正式的文獻(xiàn),資料等.而document只是指

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