被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解-公開(kāi)課

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2021/5/91初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的奧秘

中考必考的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法2021/5/92語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Manystudents

study

English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))English

isstudied

bymanystudents.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))語(yǔ)態(tài)2021/5/93我每天吃蘋(píng)果.Ieatappleseveryday.Applesareeatenbymeeveryday.蘋(píng)果每天被我吃.2021/5/94他殺雞Hekillschicken.Chickeniskilledbyhim.雞被他殺了2021/5/95

Beastcatchestheprincess.怪獸抓了公主Theprincessiscaughtbybeast.公主被怪獸抓走了。2021/5/96人們讀名著PeoplereadgreatbooksGreatbooksarereadbypeople名著被人們讀2021/5/97Theyplantflowers.他們種花?；ū凰麄兎N。Flowersareplantedbythem2021/5/98

Heplaysbasketball.他打籃球?；@球被他打。Basketballisplayedbyhim.2021/5/99主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)。3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的by

短語(yǔ)。（①

by短語(yǔ)可以省。②by短語(yǔ)后跟代詞的賓格。）口訣：主變賓，賓變主，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變be+done.bytheteacher.Theteacheroftenasks

himquestions.Heisaskedquestions2021/5/910被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則（與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則一樣）：1、一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed，lookedplayed2、結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞加-d

，livedused3、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed，plannedtripped4、結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞，先變“y”為“i”，再加-ed

，study---studied，carry---carried2021/5/9111、speakspokespoken2、useusedused3、makemademade4、writewrotewritten5、growgrewgrown6、plantplantedplanted7、produceproducedproduced8、askaskedasked9、planplannedplanned10、sendsentsent11、buildbuiltbuilt12、inviteinvitedinvited不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞要牢記請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞：sing----sang----sungbuild----built----built2021/5/912把下列的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.(English….)2、Peopleusewoodformakingtables.（wood….）3、ThemakecomputersintheUSA.（Computers…）4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.（Rice…）EnglishisspokeninCanada.Woodisusedformakingtables.ComputeraremadeintheUSA.RiceisgrowninSouthChina.2021/5/913中考鏈接1.TheOlympicGames

everyfouryears.（17年新課標(biāo)版，32）Aareheld B．wereheld Careholding D．willhold2.TodayChinese__________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.（17年北京真題，35）A.wasspokenB.isspokenC.spokeD.speak2021/5/914例如：蘋(píng)果每天被我吃。昨天蘋(píng)果被我吃了。蘋(píng)果正在被我吃。昨天九點(diǎn)蘋(píng)果正在被我吃。明天這個(gè)蘋(píng)果將要被我吃。這個(gè)蘋(píng)果應(yīng)該被我吃。………..被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞后面的過(guò)去分詞不變。2021/5/915表格：被動(dòng)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/will/begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeen

donehadbeen

done2021/5/916此外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done1.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.2.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）

English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.canbespoken2021/5/9171.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．

bythemlastterm.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞lastyear.2.We

plantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswerebought2021/5/918Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.2021/5/9193.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：willbe+過(guò)去分詞1.Theywillfinish

theworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillclean

theroomtomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom

tomorrow.2021/5/920Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.2021/5/9214.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：can/may/must/should+be+過(guò)去分詞1.Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．byAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrink

morewater.Morewater

shouldbedrunkbyyou.2021/5/9225.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)is/am/are+being＋過(guò)去分詞1.Someworkersarepainting

theroomsnow．bysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.Heiswatching

TV.TVisbeingwatched

byhim.2021/5/9236.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)have/has＋been＋過(guò)去分詞1.Wehavemade

twentymorekeys．byus.Twentymorekeyshavebeenmade2.Wehavefinished

ourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.2021/5/924填空（完成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空）

1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

Theirclassroom_____often______bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）

Anewpen_________________Tomlastweek.

iscleanedwasgivenbyPractice2021/5/9253.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）

English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）

English__________________forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）

Thesestory-books_______________nextmonth.canbespokenhasbeenlearnedwillbepublished2021/5/9266.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(濟(jì)南市中考題）

——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青島市中考題）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考題）Theysentupwereplanted

aregrown中考題2021/5/9271.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：選擇填空2021/5/92818.Thenewplay_______intheatrenow.Whydon’tyougoinandseeit?A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows19.Canyoutell_______?A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappenedC.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened20.______thejob______byLucyorbyJohn?Tellmethetruth,please.A.Has…finishedB.Has…beingfinishedC.Is…finishD.Has…beenfinished2021/5/929肯定句：主語(yǔ)＋be+過(guò)去分詞＋(by~)否定句：主語(yǔ)＋benot＋過(guò)去分詞＋(by~)一般疑問(wèn)句：Be＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋(by~)?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞＋be＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞＋(by~)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種句型bymanystudents.Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.Englishisnotstudied2021/5/930

1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(開(kāi)辦)2.Theyoungtreesmust______________well.(照顧)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(寫(xiě))byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(舉行)inUKin2012.wasopenedbelookedafterWas

builtwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld完成下列句子：2021/5/931把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):Acar

knockedhimdownyesterday.2）Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3）WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．Practice2021/5/9324)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．

TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．2021/5/933如：1.Hegaveme

abook.

－Iwasgivenabookbyhim.（以I做主語(yǔ)）－AbookwasgiventomebyTom.（以物book作主語(yǔ)）

2.Heteachesus

English.

－WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.（以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）－Englishistaughttousbyhim.（以物作主語(yǔ)）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類(lèi)型1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).（指物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)，指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)）常見(jiàn)的接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣；以“物”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加to或for.2021/5/934keep,make三類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞常常有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位置不變。

We

keep

food

freshinthefridge.

主謂賓賓補(bǔ)－Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge.Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding.

－Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.2.含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2021/5/935

不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，因此沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類(lèi)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以接賓語(yǔ)，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞.Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Mychildistakengoodcareof.Iturnedofftheradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byme)

3.含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2021/5/936