《電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語（第6版）》新課文習(xí)題答案 劉騁

2/2《電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語（第6版）》新教材參考習(xí)題答案Project4TransistorVoltageAmplifier1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Ta.Atransistorconsistsofthreelayersofsemiconductormaterial:athinlayerofonetypewiththeothertypeoneachside.Tb.Thecenterisbase,oneoutsidelayeristhecollector,andtheotheristheemitter.Tc.Currententerstheemitter,passesthroughthebase,andleavesviathecollector.Fd.Currentflowisalwayschangedirections.Fe.Ittakesagreatchangeofbasecurrenttocontrolarelativelylargecollectorcurrent.Itisthisabilitythatenablesthetransistortoamplify.Ff.Inthecommon-baseconnection,thesignalisintroducedintothecollector-basecircuitandextractedfromtheemitter-basecircuit.Tg.Inthecommon-emitterconnection,thesignalisintroducedintothebase-emittercircuitandextractedfromthecollector-emittercircuit.Th.Thecommon-emitterconnectionhasmoremoderateinputandoutputimpedancethanthecommon-basecircuit.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Therearetwopossiblearrangements:N-typeinthemiddlewithp-typeoneachside(PNP)and_P-type_inthemiddlewithn-typeoneachside(NPN).b.Becausetheinputoremitter-basecircuithasa_low__impedanceintheorderof0.5to50ohms,andtheoutputor_collector-basecircuit_hasahighimpedanceintheorderof1000ohmstoonemegohm,thevoltageorpowergaininthistypeofconfigurationmaybeintheorderof1500.c.Theinput(base-emitter)impedanceisintherangeof_20_to_5000__ohms,andoutput(collector-emitter)impedanceisabout_50_to_50000_ohms.Powergainsintheorderof10000(orabout40db)canberealizedwiththiscircuitbecauseitprovidesbothcurrentgainandvoltagegain.d.Becausetheinputimpedanceofthetransistoris_high_andtheoutputimpedance_low_inthisconnection,thevoltagegainislessthanoneandthepowergainisusuallylowerthanthatobtainedinacommon-baseoracommon-emittercircuit.3.TranslatethesecondparagraphofthetextintoChinese.(原文第二段，詳見教材參考譯文)Project5DigitalCircuit1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Ta.Thetruthtableisusedtoshowthelogicgatefunction.Tb.ThethreemostcommonbasictypesofdigitallogicgatesaretheANDgate,theORgate,andtheNOTgate.Fc.AnimportantfunctionofNOTgateistoproducesignalinversionoraninputsignalthatisoppositeinnaturetotheoutputsignal.Td.Thethreebasictypesofdigitallogicgatesandtheflip-floparethefourcircuitsmostcommonlyemployedinsuchsystems.Fe.Eveninalargescaledigitalsystem,suchasacomputer,control,ordigital-communicationsystem,therearealotofbasicoperations,whichmustbeperformed.2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.NOTgate——1.produceanoutputsignalthatisoppositeinnaturetotheinputsignab.A×B=C———2.inputAandinputBequalsoutputccA+B=C———3.eitherinputAorinputBd.Thethreebasiclogic—4.theANDgate,theORgate,andtheNOT3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.Thebasiclogicgatesareclassifiedintoseventypes:ANDgate,ORgate,XORgate,NANDgate,NORgate,XNORgate,andNOTgate.b.AnimportantfunctionofNOTgateistoproducesignalinversionoranoutputsignalthatisoppositeinnaturetotheinputsignal.c.Thethreebasictypesofdigitallogicgatesandtheflip-floparethefourcircuitsmostcommonlyemployedinsuchsystems.d.TheoperationofanORgateisoftenexpressedbytheequationA+B=C.4.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Digitalsignalsandcircuitsarethevastandimportantsubject.Digitalsignalsarebinaryinnaturetakingonvaluesinoneoftwowell-definedranges.Thesetofbasicoperationsthatcanbeperformedondigitalsignalsisquitesmall.Thebehaviorofanydigitalsystem,(uptoandincludingthemostsophisticateddigitalcomputer)canberepresentedbyappropriatecombinationsofdigitalvariablesandthedigitaloperationsfromthissmallset.Weconcernedwithdigitalsystemvariablesthattakeononlytwovalues(binaryvariables).Weconventionallydenotethesevaluesas“0”or“1”,andthenuseaspecialsetofrulescalledBooleanalgebratosummarizethevariouswaysinwhichdigitalvariablescanbecombined.Thisalgebraandmuchofthenotationareadopteddirectlyfrommathematicallogic.Thus,“l(fā)ogicvariable”or“l(fā)ogicoperation”arecommonlyusedinplaceofdigitalvariable,ordigitaloperation.數(shù)字信號和數(shù)字電路是一門非常重要的學(xué)科。數(shù)字信號是二進(jìn)制的，其值落入兩個(gè)劃定界限的區(qū)域中的一個(gè)。對數(shù)字信號進(jìn)行基本運(yùn)算的集合非常小。任何一個(gè)數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的行為（包括最復(fù)雜的數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)）都可以用這個(gè)小集合里的數(shù)字變量和數(shù)字運(yùn)算的適當(dāng)組合來表示。我們關(guān)心那些只用兩種值呈現(xiàn)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)變量（二進(jìn)制變量）。我們習(xí)慣性地用“0”和“1”表示這些值，并用一組被稱為布爾代數(shù)的特殊規(guī)則來概括數(shù)字變量的不同組合方式。這種代數(shù)和許多符號采用的是數(shù)理邏輯。因此，通常用邏輯變量或邏輯運(yùn)算來取代數(shù)字變量或數(shù)字運(yùn)算。Project8DigitalOscilloscope1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.Whenitcomestodebugginganddesign,mostengineerstodayuseanalogoscilloscopes.Tb.Therearethreeprimaryoscilloscopesystems:vertical,horizontalandtriggersystems.Tc.Meanwhile,amedicalresearchermightuseanoscilloscopetomeasurebrainwaves.Fd.Thereisnoapplicationsforthispowerfulinstrument.Fe.Simplyput,anoscilloscopemeasuresvoltagewaves.Onanoscilloscopescreen,voltageisdisplayedverticallyontheXaxisandtimeisrepresentedhorizontallyontheYaxis.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Therearetwotypesofoscilloscopes:analoganddigital.b.Whenitcomestodebugginganddesign,mostengineerstodayusedigitaloscilloscopes.c.Anddigitaloscilloscopesgenerallyfallintofivecategories.d.Therearethreeprimaryoscilloscopesystems:vertical,horizontal，andtriggersystems.e.Whenitcomestochoosingtherightoscilloscope,thereareanumberoffactorstoconsider,includingbandwidth,waveformcapturerate,samplerate,risetimeandtriggeringcapabilities.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Howdoesanoscilloscopework?Therearethreeprimaryoscilloscopesystems:vertical,horizontalandtriggersystems.Together,thesesystemsprovideinformationabouttheelectricalsignal,sotheoscilloscopecanaccuratelyreconstructit.Thisallowstheusertodeterminetheintegrity,predictability,andreliabilityofthesesignalsfortheirapplication.(原文第八段，詳見教材參考譯文)Project10Smartphone1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Ta.ThefirstsmartphonewasIBM'sSimon,whichwaspresentedasaconceptdeviceatthe1992COMDEXcomputertradeshow.Tb.Smartphonesallowindividualuserstoinstall,configure,andrunapplicationsoftheirchoosing.Fc.Ifthatphonewereasmartphone,youcouldn'tinstallanycompatiblecalendarapplicationyoulike.Fd.Walletfeaturesdonotallowuserstosavecreditcardinformationontheirphonestousewhenpurchasingitemsatretailstores.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.BlackBerryreleaseditsfirstsmartphonesintheemailsandfaxes,andtheybecameverypopularwithconsumersandintheenterprise.b.Asmartphoneisa

cellulartelephonewithanintegratedcomputerandotherfeaturesnotoriginallyassociatedwithtelephonessuchasanoperatingsystem,webbrowsing,andtheabilitytorunsoftwareapplications.c.Oneofthemostimportantelementsofasmartphoneisitsconnectiontoanappstore.d.Third-party

wearable

devices,suchassmartwatches,canconnectwithasmartphonetomonitoranindividual'shealthstatistics,suchasheartrate,andsendinformationtobeaggregatedonthephone.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Asmartphoneisa

cellulartelephonewithanintegratedcomputerandotherfeaturesnotoriginallyassociatedwithtelephonessuchasanoperatingsystem,

webbrowsing,andtheabilitytorunsoftwareapplications.Smartphonescanbeusedbyindividualsinbothaconsumerand

a

business

context,andarenowalmostintegraltoeverydaymodernlife.Manyconsumersusetheirsmartphonestoengagewithfriendsandfamilyonsocialmedia.SocialmediaplatformssuchasFacebook,TwitterandLinkedInallhavemobileappsthatausercandownloadfromtheirphone's

appstore.Theseappsmakeit

possible

forsmartphoneuserstopostpersonalupdatesandphotoswhileonthego.(原文第四段，詳見教材參考譯文)Project12NotebookComputer1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.Anotebookcomputertypicallyweighsmorethan5poundsandis3inchesormoreinthickness.Tb.Solidstatedrives(SSDs)cangiveahugeperformanceboostoverthetraditionalmechanicalharddrives(HDDs).Fc.Notebooksuseonlyoneapproachforintegratingamouseintothekeyboard.Td.Ifyourtasksmainlyinvolvewordprocessingandwebsurfing,youwon'tneedafasterprocessor.Te.Ifyouintendtouseyourlaptop/notebookforwatchingoreditingHDvideo,playinggames,orneedtohavemultiplevisiblewindowsopenonthescreenatthesametime,youwillneedahigherresolutiondisplayandthelargestscreensizepossible.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Anotebookcomputer,sometimescalledalaptopcomputercomputer,typicallyweighslessthan5poundsandis3inchesorlessinthickness.b.Ifyouintendtouseyourlaptop/notebookforlongoverseasflightsorinothersituationswherechargingisnotreadilyavailable,makesureyouchooseamodelwithsufficientbatterylife.c.IfyouintendtoconnecttoaTVorlargerHDMIdisplayyouwillneedanHDMIport.d.Ifyou'rebuyinganotebookoratablet,youshouldconsideradetachableormembranekeyboardifoneoftheprimaryusesofthedevicewillbewordprocessing.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Notebooksusuallycomewithdisplaysthatusethin-screentechnology.Notebooksuseseveraldifferentapproachesforintegratingamouseintothekeyboard,includingthetouchpad,thetrackball,andthepointingstick.Aserialportalsoallowsaregularmousetobeattached.ThePCCardisinsertablehardwareforaddingamodemornetworkinterfacecardtoanotebook.CD-ROManddigitalversatilediscdrivesmaybebuilt-inorattachable.(原文第二段，詳見教材參考譯文)Project185GNetwork1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.5Genablesanewkindofnetworkthatisdesignedtoconnectnoteveryoneandeverythingtogetherjustincludingmachines,objects,anddevices.Tb.5Gwillbefasterandabletohandlemoreconnecteddevicesthantheexisting4GLTEnetwork,improvementsthatwillenableawaveofnewkindsoftechproducts.Fc.5Gcanenablenewservicesthatcantransformindustrieswithultra-reliable,available,high-latencylinkslikeremotecontrolofcriticalinfrastructure,vehicles,andmedicalprocedures.Td.Eventually,mostcarrierswillhaveamixofthedifferentnetworktypesthatwillenablebothbroadcoverageandfastspeeds.Te.Thefastest5Gnetworksareexpectedtobeatleast10timesfasterthan4GLTE,accordingtowirelessindustrytradegroupGSMA.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.5Genablesanewkindofnetworkthatisdesignedtoconnectvirtuallyeveryoneandeverythingtogetherincludingmachines,objects,anddevices.b.Broadlyspeaking,5Gisusedacrossthreemaintypesofconnectedservices,includingenhancedmobilebroadband,mission-criticalcommunication,andthemassiveIoT.c.Inadditiontomakingoursmartphonesbetter,5GmobiletechnologycanusherinnewimmersiveexperiencessuchasVRandARwithfaster,moreuniformdatarates,lowerlatency,andlowercost-per-bit.d.Therearethreedifferentmethodsforbuildinga5Gnetwork,dependingonthetypeofassetsawirelesscarrierhas:low-bandnetwork(widecoverageareabutonlyabout20%fasterthan4G),high-bandnetwork(superfastspeedsbutsignalsdon’ttravelwellandstruggletomovethroughhardsurfaces)andmid-bandnetwork(balancesspeedandcoverage).3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Thefastest5Gnetworksareexpectedtobeatleast10timesfasterthan4GLTE,accordingtowirelessindustrytradegroupGSMA.Someexpertssaytheycouldeventuallybe100timesfaster.That’sfastenoughtodownloadatwo-hourmovieinfewerthan10seconds,versusaround7minuteswith4G.(原文最后一段，詳見教材參考譯文)Project21VirtualReality(VR)andAugmentedReality(AR)1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.InatypicalVRformat,auserwearingahelmetwithoutastereoscopicscreenviewsanimatedimagesofasimulatedenvironment.Tb.Theillusionof""beingthere"(telepresence)iseffectedbyimagesensorsthatpickuptheuser'smovementsandadjusttheviewonthescreenaccordingly,usuallyinrealtime(theinstanttheuser'smovementtakesplace).Fc.Inapps,youmightvirtuallytourdistantlocationsasifyouwerethere.Fd.Augmentedrealityreplacesyourvision,virtualrealityaddstoit.Fe.Virtualrealityandaugmentedrealityaccomplishtwoverydifferentthingsinthesameway.2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Forbothgamesandapps,virtualrealitycompletelysupersedesyoursurroundings,takingyoutootherplaces.Whereyouarephysicallydoesn'tmatter.Ingames,youmightsitinthecockpitofastarfighter.Inapps.youmightvirtuallytourdistantlocationsasifyouwerethere.Therearetonsofpossibilitiesinvirtualreality,andtheyallinvolvereplacingeverythingaroundyouwithsomethingelse.(原文倒數(shù)第二段，詳見教材參考譯文)Project22IntelligentRobot1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.ThemostadvancedrobotsarethosecontrolledbyAI.Theybuildtheirabilitiesbasedhumanmanipulation.Tb.Sensorsaregettingbetter,smaller,cheaper,andeasiertointegrate.Fc.Thisself-drivingrobotcanseamlesslydeliverseveralbeveragesatonce.Itispoweredbyashort-lastingbattery(withlife8-12hrs),whichallowsittooperateonnightshiftsorpeakhours.Td.Thehumansecuritystaffcanalsoselectspotsforpatrol.Thentherobotwilltravelfromspottospotwhilecontinuallyscanningthearea.Fe.Pennyisabowlingpin-shapedfood-servicerobotenabledbyhuman.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.IntelligentrobotsareacombinationofAIandrobotics,whileartificialintelligencesoftwareisembeddedintherobotsystem.b.Sensorsaregettingbetter,smaller,cheaper,andeasiertointegrate.c.Pepperisahumanoidrobotdesignedtointeractwithpeople-assistthem,shareinformationwiththem,andhelpcustomersatretailstores.d.Nimboisarobotsecurityguardbasedoncutting-edgeartificialintelligencetechnologyandhasarangeofsecurityapplicationsandassetprotection.e.Promobotisarobotforbusinessthatmovesautonomouslyandcommunicateswithpeople,usingartificialintelligence.Project23Self-DrivingCar1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.Whilecamerasaregoodforfindingthedistancetoanobject,theyarenothelpfulinidentifyingshapesandcolorsintheenvironment.Fb.Fortunately,self-drivingcarsalsohavehigh-techsensors,calledradars,thataremuchbetteratdeterminingthelocationofpeopleandobjectsaroundthecar.Fc.LIDARsendsvisiblelightpulsesallaroundin.Td.Bymeasuringthetraveltimeandlocationofthereflectedlaserlight.LIDARcandiscriminatetheshapeandlocationofsurroundingobjects.Tc.Althoughradarscanonlyseeveryfuzzily,theyaregreatatdetectingmovingobjectsandaremuchcheaperthantheotherdevices.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Aself-drivingcaruseacombinationofcomputervision,imagerecognition,anddeeplearningtobuildautomatedskillatpilotingavehiclewhilestayinginagivenlaneandavoidingunexpectedobstructions,suchaspedestrians.b.Essentially,aself-drivingcarneedstoperformthreeactionstobeabletoreplaceahumandriver：toperceive，tothink，andtoact.c.LIDAR(LightDetectionandRanging)isadevicewithaconstantlyrotatinglaserbeamItsendsinvisiblelightpulsesal