人教版英語(yǔ)選修七新素養(yǎng)講義Unit1Livingwell1SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-ComprehendingWord版含答案

聽(tīng)力障礙會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子語(yǔ)言發(fā)育遲緩。父母能否在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子有聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題，對(duì)孩子的發(fā)育成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要。下面讓我們一起分享一對(duì)有聽(tīng)力障礙的姐妹的經(jīng)歷吧！PeopleLivingwithaDisabilitySusanhasasister,Annie,whois18monthsolderthanher.WhileAnnie’smotherwaspregnant(懷孕的)withSusan,theirunclecametotownforavisit.Duringthevisit,theirunclewasquicktonoticethatAnniedidnotseemtobetalkingatanageappropriatelevelortorespondwhencalledupon.Anniewouldalsoturnupthevolume(音量)ofthetelevisionandradiowhenotherscouldhearitwithoutdifficulty.Annie’sparentsthoughtthatherspeechdevelopmentandbehaviorwerenormalforatoddler,butthankstotheuncle,whoexpressedhisconcerns,thefamilysoontookaction.AhearingtestfoundthatAnniewashardofhearing.DuetoAnnie’sdiagnosis(診斷),Susanreceivedahearingtestatbirthandwasfoundtobehardofhearingaswell.Otherwise,Annie’shearinglossmighthavepossiblygoneonlongerwithoutbeingdetected,andSusanwouldmostlikelynothavehadahearingtestatbirth.Asaresultoftheirearlydiagnoses,SusanandAnnie’sparentswereabletogaintheknowledgetheyneededtomakesurebothoftheirchildrencouldreachtheirfullpotentialinlife.Theyhadaccesstoearlyservicesfromateamofphysicians,speechtherapists,counselors(顧問(wèn)),andteachers.Susanoweshersuccesstoherparents,sayingthatshecouldn’thavemadeitwithouttheirsupportandpatience.Today,SusanisemployedattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)asanepidemiologistwiththeagency’sEarlyHearingDetectionandIntervention(EHDI)program.AllchildrenwhoaredeaforhardofhearingreceivenecessaryservicestheyneedwiththeaidoftheEHDIprogram.Whenchildrenwhoaredeaforhardofhearingreceiveservicesearly,theyaremorelikelytoreachtheirfullpotentialandliveahealthyandproductiveadultlife.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—prehending重點(diǎn)單詞寫作詞匯1.eyesightn． 視力2.outgoingadj. 外向的；友好的；外出的； 離開(kāi)的3.clumsyadj. 笨拙的4.fellowadj. 同伴的；同類的n. 同伴；同志；伙伴5.conductn. 行為；品行vt. 指揮；管理；主持6.firmn. 公司adj. 結(jié)實(shí)的；堅(jiān)固的；堅(jiān)定的拓展詞匯7.disabilityn．傷殘；無(wú)力；無(wú)能→disabledadj.傷殘的8.ambitionn．雄心；野心→ambitiousadj.有雄心的；有野心的9.suitableadj.適合的；適宜的→suitv．適合10.beneficialadj.有益的；受益的→benefitvt.有益于n．益處；好處11.absencen．缺席；不在某處→absentadj.缺席的12.adaptvt.使適應(yīng)；改編→adaptableadj.能適應(yīng)的；能適用的；改編的→adaptionn．改編13.annoyvt.使……不悅；惹惱→annoyedadj.頗為生氣的→annoyingadj.令人不悅的→annoyancen．煩惱14.encouragementn．鼓勵(lì)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)→encouragevt.鼓勵(lì)→encouragingadj.鼓舞人心的15.psychologyn．心理(學(xué))→psychologicaladj.心理(學(xué))的；精神上的→psychologicallyadv.心理(學(xué))地；精神上地閱讀詞匯16.dictationn． 口授；聽(tīng)寫(的文字)17.entryn. 項(xiàng)目；進(jìn)入；入口18.benchn. 長(zhǎng)凳19.microscopen. 顯微鏡20.parrotn. 鸚鵡21.tankn. (盛液體、氣體的)大容器；缸；大桶22.tortoisen. 陸龜；龜重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.in__other__words 換句話說(shuō)2.adapt__to 適合3.cut__out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)4.out__of__breath 上氣不接下氣5.all__in__all 總而言之6.sit__around 閑坐著7.as__well__as 和；也8.in__many__ways 在很多方面9.make__fun__of 取笑10.at__a__time 一次重點(diǎn)句型1.“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作賓語(yǔ)：Unfortunately，thedoctorsdon’tknowhow__to__make__me__better(如何治好我的病)，butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.2.too...to...太……而不能……：Sometimes,too,Iwastoo__weak__to__go__to__school(太虛弱而不能去上學(xué))somyeducationsuffered.3.everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：Every__time__I__returned(每一次我返回后)afteranabsence,IfeltstupidbecauseIwasbehindtheothers.4.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)：Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeeling__sorry__for__myself(顧影自憐).5.as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...：Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementto__live__as__rich__and__full__a__life__as__you__do(像你一樣過(guò)得豐富多彩、充實(shí)美滿).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast-readingSkimthetextanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．HowMartyachievesalot.B．HowMartylivesarichandfulllifeeventhoughheisdisabled.C．Howpeopleignorethedisabled.D．HowMarty’sdisabilityhelpshimgrowstronger.答案：B2．Readthetextandthenmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Paragraph1A．HowMarty’slifehasbeeeasier.Paragraph2 B．Martymetalotofdifficultiesatschool.Paragraph3C．TheadvantagesofMarty’sdisease.Paragraph4 D．AnintroductiontoMartyandhisdisease.Paragraph5E．HowMarty’sdisabilitydeveloped.答案：DEBACeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Martygotthemusclediseasewhenhewasborn.B．Martylooksdifferentfromothers.C．MostofMarty’sfellowstudentshaveacceptedhimathighschool.D．Martywantsthehealthychildrentofeelsorryforhim.2．WhatkindofdiseasedoesMartyhave?A．Hehasamentaldisease.B．Hehasaninfection.C．Hehasamuscledisease.D．Hehasaneyedisease.3．Whatcanweinferfromthestory?A．Marty’slifeisfullofchallenges.B．Martyisn’tconfidentenough.C．Martylosesheartbecauseofhisdisability.D．Martyhopesthateveryonecanhelphim.4．Martyseemstobeafairly________personwhoisrealisticabouthisdisabilityandconsidershehasagoodlife.A．positive B．negativeC．objective D．subjective答案：1－4.CCAAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．IthinkIhadatleastabilliontests,includingoneinwhichtheycutoutapieceofmusclefrommylegandlookedatitunderamicroscope.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②Ithink后跟的是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句。③inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞one(代指test)。 [翻譯]我想我做過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次檢查了，包括有一次檢查，他們從我的腿部切下塊兒肌肉，放在顯微鏡下觀察。2．Sosometimessomechildreninmyprimaryschoolwouldlaugh，whenIgotoutofbreathafterrunningashortwayorhadtostopandresthalfwayupthestairs.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②Sosometimessomechildreninmyprimaryschoolwouldlaugh是主句；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。③在when引導(dǎo)的從句中，連詞or和and分別連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。 [翻譯]當(dāng)我跑很短的一段路之后，我就會(huì)喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)，或者爬樓梯才爬到一半就得停下來(lái)休息，因此上時(shí)有的孩子會(huì)嘲笑我。3．EverytimeIreturnedafteranabsence，IfeltstupidbecauseIwasbehindtheothers.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②Ifeltstupid是主句，Everytime在句中起連詞的作用，意為“每次，每當(dāng)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。③because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 [翻譯]每次缺課之后返校，我就覺(jué)得自己很笨，因?yàn)槲冶葎e人落后了。4．IfIhadachancetosayonethingtohealthychildren,itwouldbethis:havingadisabilitydoesnotmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。②If引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。③主句中動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)(havingadisability)作主語(yǔ)。 [翻譯]如果我有機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)健康的孩子們講一句話，那么，這句話就是：身體殘疾并不意味著生活不美滿。①oneinamillion萬(wàn)里挑一的人(或物)；不同尋常的人(或物)②inotherwords換句話說(shuō)inone/aword總之③inaddition另外；還有(單獨(dú)用，作狀語(yǔ))inadditionto＋賓語(yǔ)除……之外還有④clumsy['kl?mz?]adj.笨拙的⑤bump[b?mp]vi.碰撞；撞擊bumpinto撞上⑥furnituren．[U]家具⑦outgoing['a?tɡ????]adj.外向的；友好的；外出的；離開(kāi)的⑧adaptto適合adapt[?'d?pt]vt.使適應(yīng)；改編⑨motton．箴言，格言⑩atatime一次，每次atonetime曾經(jīng)atnotime在任何時(shí)候都不，決不?usedto(do)過(guò)去常常(做)?dreamaboutdoingsth.夢(mèng)想做某事?representvt.代表；展示；描繪?“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”意為“越來(lái)越……”?bench[bent?]n.長(zhǎng)凳?intheend最后，最終?cutout切去；省略；停止(做某事)cutoff切斷(水、電、煤氣等)cutdown砍倒，削減cutup切碎cutin插嘴?microscope['ma?kr?sk??p]n.顯微鏡?outofbreath上氣不接下氣?sufferv．變差；受難，受苦；遭受；蒙受eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))absence['?bs?ns]n.缺席；不在某處反義詞：presencen．出席；在場(chǎng)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))alot在此處為程度副詞短語(yǔ)，修飾比較級(jí)easier。用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的程度副詞(短語(yǔ))還有much,even,still,far,byfar等。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))fellow['fel??]adj.同伴的；同類的n.同伴；同志；伙伴eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))annoyed[?'n??d]adj.頗為生氣的annoy[?'n??]vt.使……不悅；惹惱eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))ignorevt.不理會(huì)；忽視eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))allinall總而言之a(chǎn)fterall畢竟aboveall最重要的是eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))ambition[?m'b??n]n.雄心；野心ambitiousadj.有雄心的；有野心的eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))firm[f??m]n.公司adj.結(jié)實(shí)的；堅(jiān)固的；堅(jiān)定的eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))software['s?ftwe?]n.軟件eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))sitaround(＝sitabout)閑坐著eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))aswellas和；也置于句首，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))parrot['p?r?t]n.鸚鵡eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))tank[t??k]n.(盛液體、氣體的)大容器；缸；大桶eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))tortoise['t??t?s]n.陸龜；龜eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))worthwhileadj.值得的多作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)。Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.值得做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))inmanyways在很多方面eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))psychologically[?sa?k??l?d??kl?]adv.心理(學(xué))地；精神上地psychology[sa?'k?l?d??]n.心理(學(xué))eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))independentadj.獨(dú)立的；獨(dú)立于……的；不受……支配/影響的eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))live/leada．..life過(guò)……的生活eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))makefunof取笑近義短語(yǔ)：playtrickson捉弄eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))encouragement[?n'k?r?d?m?nt]n.鼓勵(lì)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)MARTY’SSTORYHi，mynameisMartyFieldingandIguessyoucouldsaythatIam“oneinamillion①”．Inotherwords②，therearenotmanypeoplelikeme.Yousee,Ihaveamusclediseasewhichmakesmeveryweak,soIcan’trunorclimbstairsasquicklyasotherpeople.Inaddition③，sometimesIamveryclumsy④anddropthingsorbump⑤intofurniture⑥.Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoing⑦andhavelearnedtoadaptto⑧mydisability.Mymotto⑨is：liveonedayatatime⑩.◆Yousee“你瞧，你知道”，在句中作插入語(yǔ)?！魒hichmakesmeveryweak是which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾amuscledisease?！鬶owtomakemebetter是“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作know的賓語(yǔ)，其中makemebetter是“make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。UntilIwastenyearsoldIwasthesameaseveryoneelse.Iusedto?climbtrees,swimandplayfootball.Infact,Iusedtodreamaboutplaying?professionalfootballandpossiblyrepresenting?mycountryintheWorldCup.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker?，untilIcouldonlyenjoyfootballfromabench?atthestadium.Intheend?Iwentintohospitalformedicaltests.Istayedtherefornearlythreemonths.IthinkIhadatleastabilliontests，includingoneinwhichtheycutout?apieceofmusclefrommylegandlookedatitunderamicroscope?.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds．◆inwhichtheycutout...是inwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，which修飾one(指代test)?！鬷t...holds中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，toknow...是真正的主語(yǔ)，其中whatthefuture...是what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。OneproblemisthatIdon’tlookanydifferentfromotherpeople.Sosometimessomechildreninmyprimaryschoolwouldlaugh,whenIgotoutofbreath?afterrunningashortwayorhadtostopandresthalfwayupthestairs.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered?.EverytimeIreturnedafteranabsenceeq\o\ac(○,),IfeltstupidbecauseIwasbehindtheothers.◆that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，that起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分?！魌ooweaktogo是too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“太……而不能……”。◆everytime意為“每次……，每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句也可以置于主句之后。Mylifeisaloteq\o\ac(○,)easierathighschoolbecausemyfelloweq\o\ac(○,)studentshaveacceptedme.Thefewwhocannotseetherealpersoninsidemybodydonotmakemeannoyedeq\o\ac(○,),andIjustignoreeq\o\ac(○,)them.Allinalleq\o\ac(○,)Ihaveagoodlife.IamhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando,likewritingandputerprogramming.Myambitioneq\o\ac(○,)istoworkforafirmeq\o\ac(○,)thatdevelopsputersoftwareeq\o\ac(○,)whenIgrowup.LastyearIinventedaputerfootballgameandabigpanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundeq\o\ac(○,)feelingsorryformyself．Aswellaseq\o\ac(○,)goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithmyfriends,Ispendalotoftimewithmypets.Ihavetworabbits,aparroteq\o\ac(○,),atankeq\o\ac(○,)fulloffishandatortoiseeq\o\ac(○,).TolookaftermypetsproperlytakesalotoftimebutIfinditworthwhileeq\o\ac(○,).Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.◆whocannotsee...是who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Thefew?！魟?dòng)詞不定式的完成式tohavedone表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前?！鬗yambition...growup.是“主＋系＋表”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，towork...作表語(yǔ)；thatdevelops...是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾afirm;whenIgrowup是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。◆feelingsorryformyself“顧影自憐”，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。◆動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)Tolookaftermypetsproperly作主語(yǔ)。Todosth.takessb.sometime.常用Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.替換?！鬴inditworthwhile是“find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Inmanywayseq\o\ac(○,)mydisabilityhashelpedmegrowstrongerpsychologicallyeq\o\ac(○,)andbeemoreindependenteq\o\ac(○,).Ihavetoworkhardtoliveanormallifeeq\o\ac(○,)butithasbeenworthit.IfIhadachancetosayonethingtohealthychildren,itwouldbethis：havingadisabilitydoesnotmeanyourlifeisnotsatisfying.Sodon’tfeelsorryforthedisabledormakefunofeq\o\ac(○,)them,anddon’tignorethemeither.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementeq\o\ac(○,)toliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo．◆IfIhad...itwouldbe...表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。◆動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)havingadisability在句中作主語(yǔ)。◆動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)tolive...在本句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾encouragement?！癮s＋形容詞＋a(n)＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋as”意為“像……一樣”。Thankyouforreadingmystory.馬蒂的故事你好，我叫馬蒂·菲爾丁。我想你可能會(huì)說(shuō)我是“萬(wàn)里挑一”的那種人。換句話說(shuō)，像我這樣的人并不多見(jiàn)。你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，這使我的身體非常虛弱，所以我不能像別人那樣快跑或快步爬樓梯。另外，有時(shí)候我還會(huì)笨手笨腳、不小心摔掉東西，或磕碰到家具上。不幸的是，醫(yī)生們不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很開(kāi)朗樂(lè)觀，學(xué)會(huì)了適應(yīng)身體的殘疾。我的座右銘是：活一天算一天。10歲以前，我跟其他人是一樣的。我過(guò)去常常爬樹、游泳、踢足球。事實(shí)上，我過(guò)去常常夢(mèng)想我會(huì)成為職業(yè)球員，可能代表我的國(guó)家參加世界杯足球賽。后來(lái)，我的身體開(kāi)始變得越來(lái)越虛弱，以至于我只能坐在體育場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)凳上欣賞足球了。最后我到醫(yī)院去做了檢查，住了將近三個(gè)月的院。我想我做過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次檢查了，包括有一次檢查，他們從我的腿部切下塊兒肌肉，放在顯微鏡下觀察。即使做過(guò)了所有這些檢查，也沒(méi)有人能夠確診這個(gè)病。因此，很難知道將來(lái)會(huì)是什么樣子。問(wèn)題是我看上去跟其他人一樣。當(dāng)我跑很短的一段路之后，我就會(huì)喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)，或者爬樓梯才爬到一半就得停下來(lái)休息，因此上時(shí)有的孩子會(huì)嘲笑我。有時(shí)候我的身體太虛弱，上不了學(xué)，因此落下了許多功課。每次缺課之后返校，我就覺(jué)得自己很笨，因?yàn)槲冶葎e人落后了。我在高中時(shí)期的生活(比在時(shí))要輕松多了，因?yàn)槲业耐瑢W(xué)已經(jīng)接受了我的狀況。少數(shù)同學(xué)看不到我的內(nèi)心世界，但是我并不生氣，只是不去理會(huì)他們。總而言之，我生活得很好。我很高興我能做許多事情，比如寫作和電腦編程。我的志向是長(zhǎng)大后在開(kāi)發(fā)電腦軟件的公司里工作。去年我開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)電腦足球游戲，有一家大公司已經(jīng)決定從我這兒買走它。我的生活很充實(shí)，沒(méi)有時(shí)間閑坐著顧影自憐。除了同我的朋友們一起去看電影和足球比賽外，我還花很多時(shí)間和我的寵物們?cè)谝黄?。我有兩只兔子、一只鸚鵡、一缸魚和一只烏龜。我得花大量時(shí)間來(lái)照顧這些寵物，但我覺(jué)得很值得。此外，我還有很多功課要做，特別是在病了一段時(shí)間之后。在許多方面，我身體的殘疾倒使我心理上變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更加獨(dú)立。我必須努力才能過(guò)上正常的生活，但這是值得的。如果我有機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)健康的孩子們講一句話，那么，這句話就是：身體殘疾并不意味著生活不美滿。因此，不要感到殘疾人可憐，或者取笑他們，也別不理睬他們。要接受他們，給他們鼓勵(lì)，讓他們能像你一樣過(guò)得豐富多彩、充實(shí)美滿。謝謝你們讀我的故事。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AYouthsportshavebeeabigbusinessintheUnitedStates,andhavetakenonamuchmoreprofessionalizedformoverthepastdecade.Inpreviousgenerations,childrenspentalargepartoftheirleisuretimeplayingthroughouttheirneighborhoods.Today’schildren,onaverage,arespendingmuchlesstimeonunstructuredsettingsandmuchmoretimeonactivitiesarrangedbyadults.Inanewstudy,weasked100undergraduateandgraduatestudentstopleteaverydetailed“childhoodleisureactivitiessurvey”，whichaskedthemtoreflectonhoursspentinvariousleisureactivitiesduringtheirschool-ageyears.WealsoaskedthesesameparticipantstopletetheAbbreviatedTorranceTestforAdults(ATTA),awidely-usedcreativitytestthatrequiredthemtodrawandwriteinfourcreativeactivities.Wethenanalyzedtherelationshipbetweentheparticipants’childhoodleisureactivitiesandtheirperformanceontheATTA.Wefoundthatinformalsportsplayedinunstructured,unsupervised(無(wú)人監(jiān)督的)environmentshavemanynotableelements.Theseenvironmentsofferchildrenthefreedomtoself-govern,createrules,solveproblemsanddealwithsocialconflictsontheirownterms.Organizedsports,ontheotherhand,tendtofocusonobedience,learningfrommodels,andanumberofotherqualitiesthatwouldbeunlikelytobebeneficialtocreativedevelopment.Infact,thosewith“above-average”creativityreportedspending15%oftheirtotalchildhoodleisuretimeplayinginformalsportsversus13%playingorganizedsports.Theparticipantswith“below-average”creativityspentonly10%oftheirchildhoodleisuretimeplayinginformalsportsversus22%onorganizedsports.Thedifferenceisencouraging.Itsuggeststhatparentsinterestedindevelopingthecreativityofchildrendon’thavetonecessarilyquittraditionalorganizedsports.Theysimplyneedtobeawareoftheimportanceofabalanceddistribution(分配)oftheirchildren’stimebetweenorganizedandunstructuredsettings.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。青少年體育運(yùn)動(dòng)逐漸從隨意變得更有組織性。但研究表明，非正式的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)青少年的發(fā)展更有益處，更利于培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造力。1．Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatyouthsports________.A．havelimitedtypesB．werelesspopularinthepastC．a(chǎn)rebeingmoreorganizedD．helpimproveschoolperformanceC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的havetakenonamuchmoreprofessionalizedform及arespending...muchmoretimeonactivitiesarrangedbyadults可知，青少年體育運(yùn)動(dòng)變得更有組織性、更正規(guī)了。2．Thenewstudyresultsimplythatinformalyouthsports________.A．requireresponsibleeducatorsB．helpchildrenlearntofollowrulesC．makeithardtodevelopsocialskillsD．contributetostudents’overalldevelopmentD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Theseenvironmentsofferchildren...createrules,solveproblemsanddealwithsocialconflicts...可知，非正式體育運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于學(xué)生進(jìn)行自我管理、創(chuàng)建規(guī)則、解決問(wèn)題和社會(huì)沖突，即能促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。3．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．SportsAreNotAlwaysBeneficialB．InformalSportsBenefitChildren’sCreativityC．TheDisadvantagesofFormalYouthSportsD．CreativeWaystoImproveChildren’sHealthB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要通過(guò)一項(xiàng)研究分析了非正式體育運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)青少年發(fā)展尤其是創(chuàng)造力培養(yǎng)的促進(jìn)作用。BCouldtheanswertomobilityproblemsonedaybeaseasyasputtingonapairoftrousers?AresearchteamatBristolUniversityhasrecentlyunveiledapairofrobotictrousersthatcouldhelpsomedisabledpeoplewalkwithoutotherassistance.Theso-called“RightTrousers”usesoftartificialmusclesaswellasthewearer’srealmuscles.Theartificialmusclesmimic(模仿)humanmusclesinproducingaforcesimplybybeingshorterandpullingonbothends.Bybundlingseveralartificialmusclestogether,theassistivetrouserscanmoveajointsuchastheknee,andhelptheuserwithactionssuchasstandingupfromachair.Byusingexistingmusclesandbypassingthebrain,theassistivetrouserscanevenmandmusclesthatthewearersmighthavedifficultyusingontheirown.Becausetheartificialmusclesareeasytostretchandsoft,theyaresaferthantraditionalmotorsusedinroboticstructuresthat,althoughpowerful,aresolidandunfortable.Theplastickneebraces(護(hù)膝)ofthetrousersalsoallowthekneetomoveorlockinpositiontomaintainstandingwithoutmucheffortneededbythemuscles.TheRightTrousersbineadvancedresearchwithwell-establishedtechniquesinasingleprototype(原型).Asidefromtheoriginalityofrobotictrousers,whatmakesthedevicesopellingasapracticalassistivetechnologyisthefactthatitcanbeadaptedtomanydifferentusers.Thisraisesthehopethatitcouldbewidelyadoptedwhereotherpreviouseffortshavefailed.However,thisisonlytheprototype.Aworkingproductisprobablyatleastfiveyearsawayandsignificantquestionsmustbeansweredtogettothatstage.Wherewillitstoreallthepoweritneeds?Howcanallthesystemsbeembedded(嵌入)inthetrouserssotheydon’tbeebulkyandawkwardtowear?Canthecontrollerpredictthebestactiontotakeamidtheever-changingplexityofrealenvironmentswhereuserswillbewalking?【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一種可以幫助殘疾人和行動(dòng)不便的人便于行動(dòng)的機(jī)械褲子。4.TheRightTrouserscanworkby________.A．sendingsignalstohumanbrainsB．a(chǎn)nalyzingpeople’smovementhabitsC．creatingmovementonthehumanbodyD．replacingthefunctionsofmosthumanmusclesC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的producingaforcesimplybybeingshorter...canmoveajointsuchastheknee,andhelptheuserwithactions...可知，這種機(jī)械褲通過(guò)刺激肢體動(dòng)作來(lái)發(fā)揮作用。5．AccordingtoParagraph3,theRightTrousersareuniqueinthattheyare________.A．lightweight B．flexibleC．powerful D．inexpensiveB解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的theartificialmusclesareeasytostretchandsoft...althoughpowerful,aresolidandunfortable...allowthekneetomoveorlockinposition...可知，與傳統(tǒng)的類似輔助器械器材相比，這種機(jī)械褲的特點(diǎn)是更靈活。6．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“pelling”inParagraph4?A．mon. B．Strange.C．Attractive. D．Intelligent.C解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的Asidefromtheoriginalityofrobotictrousers及itcanbeadaptedtomanydifferentusers.Thisraisesthehope...可知，這種機(jī)械褲因其創(chuàng)新性和廣泛適用性而十分吸引人。7．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A．Theachievementsinrobotdesign.B．Theproblemslieinartificialmuscles.C．ThepublicmentsontheRightTrousers.D．TheremainingchallengesoftheRightTrousers.D解析：段落大意題。第五段主要介紹了這種機(jī)械褲目前待解決的問(wèn)題。CThefirsttimewehearsomethingnew,aforeignsoundorword—evenanunknownwordinourownlanguages—somethinginitmaycausedelightordislike.Oftenwithfamiliarwords,it’salmostimpossibletosimplylookatonewithoutconsideringitsmeaning.Wordslike“putrid”or“disgusting”haveunpleasantimplicationsalreadybuiltintooursubconscious(潛意識(shí)).However,whenwelearnanewlanguage,weencounterwordsfreeofassociationsinourmind.TheBritishlinguistDavidCrystalconductedsomeresearchtolearnaboutwhatmakescertainsoundsbeautiful,andnotedthatthemostpopularwordshavepositiveimplications—nosurprisesthere.Butwhat’sinterestingiswhatthesewordshaveinmon:twoorthreesyllables(音節(jié)),shortvowels,monsoundssuchas/l/,/s/and/m/.Noneofthesesoundsrequiremuchenergyorefforttobepronounced,sotheyleadtonaturaltones.Someexamplesare:autumn,melody,lullaby,velvet,whisper,caress.SoundsthatBritishstudentsstruggledwithatthestartofthecourse—/θ/，/x/，/r/and/t?/—becausetheyarerareordonotexistintheirmothertongue,becamemorepopularbytheendoftheyear.Ifweeffectivelytakecontrolofaword,itbeesawordweliketosayandhear.Theprocessthusbringsnew“l(fā)ove”forwordswithoriginallytricky(棘手的)elements.Therearealsowordswhichstudentsusedtofindchallengingbutfinallyhavegrownconfidentusingwiththekindofpridethatarisesfromknowledge,hardworkandlearning,regardlessofthewords’meanings.Thisisparticularlyobviousintheexampleof“desafortunadamente”，whichmeans“unfortunately”inSpanish.Thewordhasobviousnegativeimplications,butlearnersaremorelikelytoexperiencedisassociationwithawordfromitsmeaning,whichrarelyhappensintheirmothertongue.Speakersofanewlanguagecanthereforeenjoyawordonitsownvalue,disregardingitsimplications.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了人們對(duì)一些詞語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生好惡感的原因。8．Ourfeelingaboutafamiliarwordismainlybasedonits________.A．usage B．soundC．meaning D．originC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的it’salmostimpossibletosimplylookatonewithoutconsideringitsmeaning...unpleasantimplicationsalreadybuiltintooursubconscious(潛意識(shí))．可知，我們對(duì)熟悉的詞的感覺(jué)取決于其意義。9．Wordsthatmightbeconsideredbeautifuloften________.A．a(chǎn)rerelatedtonatureB．a(chǎn)reeasytopronounceC．remindpeopleofstrengthD．havedifferentimplicationsB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的twoorthreesyllables(音節(jié))．..Noneofthesesoundsrequiremuchenergyorefforttobepronounced...可知，一些被認(rèn)為很優(yōu)美的單詞都易于發(fā)音。10．Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatlearnersofanewlanguage________.A．preferlearningdifficultwordsslowlyB．mayseparatewordsfromtheirmeaningsC．shouldavoidmother-tonguethinkinghabitsD．hadbetterstartreadingbeforelearningwordsB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的thekindofpridethatarisesfromknowledge,hardworkandlearning,regardlessofthewords’meanings及butlearnersaremorelikelytoexperienced