英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)（山東大學(xué)）智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下山東大學(xué)（威海）

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)（山東大學(xué)）智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下山東大學(xué)（威海）山東大學(xué)（威海）

第一章測(cè)試

Toputitinasimpleway,linguisticsstudies________,meaningoflinguisticunits,andtheuseandinterpretationofasentenceindifferentcontexts.

A:wordformationB:combinationofspeechsoundsintoameaningfulunitC:propertiesofspeechsoundsD:sentencestructure

答案:wordformation;combinationofspeechsoundsintoameaningfulunit;propertiesofspeechsounds;sentencestructure

Tohaveascientificlanguagestudy,wemustpursuebrevityinanalyzingthedataandinstatingourfindings,whichcanbesummarizedasthestandardof________.

A:economyB:consistencyC:exhaustivenessD:objectivity

答案:economy

Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

ThereasonforFrenchmentousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Ofspeechandwriting,modernlinguisticsregardswritingastheprimarymediumofcommunication.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

AccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheactualrealizationoftheperformanceinlinguisticcommunication.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Whichofthefollowingdisciplinesarerelatedtoappliedlinguistics?

A:geologyB:psycholinguisticsC:physicsD:education

答案:psycholinguistics;education

Unlikeanimalcommunicationsystems,humanlanguageis________.

A:stimulatedbysomeoccurrenceofcommunalinterest

B:stimulusbound

C:underimmediatestimuluscontrol

D:stimulusfree

答案:stimulusfree

________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.

A:ChomskyB:BloomfieldC:JohnLyonsD:deSaussure

答案:deSaussure

Bysayinglanguageisarbitrary,wemeanthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningand________.

A:phonemeB:sound

C:word

D:morpheme

答案:sound

第二章測(cè)試

Whatkindofsoundscanwemake,whenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A:VoicelessconsonantsB:VowelsC:VoicedconsonantsD:Glottalstop

答案:Vowels;Voicedconsonants

Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?

A:[w]B:[z]C:[f]

D:[v]

答案:[w]

WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconsideredasaminimalpair?

A:but-bat

B:but-cutC:but-bus

D:but-put

答案:but-put

Thesound/z/canbedescribedwith“voiced,________,alveolar”.

A:affricate

B:labiodental

C:fricative

D:palatal

答案:fricative

InEnglish,ifthreeconsonantsclustertogetheratthebeginningofaword,thecombinationcouldbethefollowingEXCEPT________.

A:[sks]B:[stj]

C:[skw]

D:[spl]

E:[spr]

答案:[sks];[stj]

Aphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Thespeechsoundswhichareincomplementarydistributionaredefinitelyallophonesofthesamephoneme.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

BroadTranscriptionisintendedtosymbolizeallthepossiblespeechsounds,includingtheminuteshades.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Theinitialsoundof“peak”isaspiratedwhilethesecondsoundof“speak”isunaspirated.Theyareallophones.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Phoneticsimilaritymeansthattheallophonesofaphonememustbearsomemorphologicalresemblance.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

第三章測(cè)試

Theitalicizedwordinthesentence“Theyarebetterfed,betterhoused,andbetterclothedthaneverbefore”isagoodexampleof________.

A:compoundingB:derivationC:blending

D:conversion

答案:conversion

Wecanclassifymorphemesinto________.

A:derivationalmorphemesandinflectionalmorphemesB:lexicalmorphemesandgrammaticalmorphemesC:adjectivemorphemesandnumeralmorphemesD:boundmorphemesandfreemorphemes

答案:derivationalmorphemesandinflectionalmorphemes;lexicalmorphemesandgrammaticalmorphemes;boundmorphemesandfreemorphemes

________ofthefourwordsaregoodexamplesofcompounding.

A:blackboard

B:

hotdog

C:mouthfulD:blueprint

答案:blackboard

;

hotdog

;blueprint

A(n)________isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.

A:allomorph

B:lexemeC:word

D:morpheme

答案:morpheme

Thewordchildrencontains_________morphemes

A:

1B:

4C:

3D:

2

答案:

2

Theitalicizedwordinsentence________,theitalicizedpartDOESN'Tinvolveconversion.

A:Hissmilecouldnotverywellmaskhisanger.B:

Thebookyellowedwithage.C:Theteachertoldthestudentstobequiet.

D:Hewalkedcarefullysoasnottowethisshoes.

答案:Theteachertoldthestudentstobequiet.

Mostprefixescanoccurasindependentwords.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Suchcompoundsasquick-frozen,far-fetched,fresh-baked,andlong-awaitedare

createdby“a./ad.+v.-ed”.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

InAmericanEnglish,compoundsareNOTusuallywrittensolidassoonastheyhavegainedsomepermanentstatus.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Acompoundcanbeformedbyplacinganylexicaliteminfrontofanother.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

第四章測(cè)試

Syntaxisthestudyofhowwordsandphrasesareproperlyformedoutofelementsofalanguage.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Manysyntactictheorieshavedevelopedinresponsetogenerativesyntax.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Inthecourseofitsdevelopment,generativegrammargraduallyshifteditsfocusfromlanguageitselftothenativespeaker’sknowledgeoflanguage.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Inthegenerativetradition,languageisusuallyunderstoodtorefertotheallthelanguagestructuresthatnativespeakerscangenerate.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

AccordingtoChomsky,I-languagereferstoasetofsentencesanativespeakercanuse.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Thesub-componentwhichincludestherulesgoverningwordformationiscalled________.

A:phonology

B:pragmaticsC:morphologyD:semantics

答案:morphology

________istosyntaxwhatphonemetophonologyandmorphemetomorphology.

A:MeaningB:Utterance

C:Syntacticcategory

D:Sentence

答案:Syntacticcategory

Amongthefollowingcategories,________arewordcategories.

A:PB:Adj.C:VP

D:NP

答案:P;Adj.

InthecategoryofCP,letterCstandsfor____________.

A:curriculum

B:complement

C:complementizerD:capital

答案:complementizer

AdverbsinEnglishcanbedividedinto________.

A:manneradverbsB:bigadverbs

C:sentence-adverbsD:smalladverbs

答案:manneradverbs;sentence-adverbs

第五章測(cè)試

Theapproachtosemanticstudythatismoreconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenlinguisticexpressionsandthephenomenaintheworldtowhichtheyrefermaybecalled________.

A:LinguisticSemantics

B:LogicalSemantics

C:FormalSemantics

D:CognitiveSemantics

答案:LogicalSemantics

TheContextualistViewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromobservablecontexts.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Meaningcanbestudiedas________.

A:concepts

B:naming

C:contexts

D:behavior

答案:concepts

;naming

;contexts

;behavior

Predicationanalysisistobreakdownpredicationsintotheirconstituents:________and________.

A:head

B:predicate

C:argument

D:complement

答案:predicate

;argument

Thepredicationofthesentence“Jackishappy”issaidtoconsistofJack,the_________,andhappy,thepredicate.

A:subjectB:predicate

C:argument

D:predication

答案:argument

Thesenserelationsbetweenwordscanbeanalyzedintermsoftruthconditions.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Asforgradableantonyms,thedenialofoneistheassertionoftheother.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Apairofcomplementaryantonymsischaracterizedbythefeaturethatthedenialofonememberimpliestheassertionoftheother.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

TheconceptofREFERENCEcanberegardedasaconnectionbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

AccordingtotheclassicsemantictrianglesuggestedbyOgdenandRichards,themeaningofawordistheconceptconnectingthewordwiththerealthingintheworld.ThisconceptiscalledReferenceorThought.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第六章測(cè)試

Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategoryactsharethesamepurposeorthesameillocutionaryact,andtheyarethesameintheirstrengthorforce.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

ConversationparticipantsalmostalwaysobservetheCPandthemaximsoftheCP.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Asentenceisgrammaticalconcept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedastheabstractintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofapredication

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyinacontext.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Alltheutterancethatcanbemadetoservethesamepurposemayvaryintheir________form.

A:grammatical

B:pragmaticC:semantic

D:syntactic

答案:syntactic

TheCooperativePrincipleisproposedby________.

A:JohnLyons

B:PaulGrice

C:JohnSearle

D:JohnAustin

答案:PaulGrice

Themaximofquantityrequires:________.

A:Donotmakecontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.B:Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.C:Donotsaysomethingthatisnotrelevant.D:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired.

答案:Donotmakecontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.;Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired.

MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto________.

A:utterancemeaningB:speechacttheoryC:conversationalimplicaturesD:alloftheoptions

答案:conversationalimplicatures

ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey________isliterallysaid.

A:thesameas

B:noneofthe

optionsC:morethan

D:lessthan

答案:morethan

第七章測(cè)試

ThefollowingistheclippedwordsEXCEPT________.

A:butch

B:infoC:fridge

D:cam

答案:butch

AsaresultoftheNormanConquestof1066,vastquantitiesof________wordswereaddedtotheEnglishvocabulary.

A:Latin

B:German

C:Roman

D:French

答案:French

MorphologicalandsyntacticchangesinEnglishlanguageincludingthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A:changeinagreementrule

B:analogicchange

C:processofsimplification

D:lossofinflections

答案:analogicchange

ThefollowingarethemethodsfortheadditionofnewwordsEXCEPT________.

A:blending

B:meaningshiftC:clipping

D:back-formation

答案:meaningshift

Themeaningofwordaccidenthasundergonetheprocessof________.

A:meaningelevation

B:meaningdegradationC:narrowingofmeaning

D:wideningofmeaning

答案:narrowingofmeaning

Thewordpioneerusedtorefertoafootsoldierwhoclearedthewayforanyarmybyfallingtrees,butnowitreferstoapersonwhogoesbefore,preparingthewayforothers,asascientistdoingexploratorywork.Thisprocessofchangeiscalled________.

A:wideningofmeaning

B:meaningelevation

C:narrowingofmeaning

D:meaningdegradation

答案:meaningelevation

Whichofthefollowingwordsareformedbyclipping?

A:bookkeepB:comfy

C:sci-fi

D:docudrama

E:script

答案:comfy

;script

Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Alltheformerjobtitleswith-manhavebeenreplacedbythenewjobtitleswith-person.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Thechangeofgrammariscausedbyeconomyofmemory.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

第八章測(cè)試

Someonewhocanspeakmanylanguagesiscalled________.

A:GeniusB:Bilingualist

C:Polyglot

D:Linguist

答案:Polyglot

Thesocialfactorsinsociolinguisticstudiesdoinclude________.

A:Socialhierarchy

B:Occupation

C:SocialclassD:Educationalbackground

答案:Socialhierarchy

;Occupation

;Socialclass;Educationalbackground

Ethnicdialectsaremainlyspokenbyalessprivilegedpopulation,suchasthe________.

A:AmericanEnglishB:BlackEnglish

C:Queen’sEnglish

D:BritishEnglish

答案:BlackEnglish

Code-switchingcanhappenin________.

A:GermanyB:MacaoC:HongkongD:Belgium

答案:Germany;Macao;Hongkong;Belgium

Fromdifferentperspectives,sociolinguisticsmaybeclassifiedinto________.

A:SociolinguisticsandsocialdialectsB:Macro-sociolinguisticsandmicro-sociolinguisticsC:SociolinguisticsandsociologyoflanguageD:Broadsociolinguisticsandnarrowsociolinguistics

答案:Macro-sociolinguisticsandmicro-sociolinguistics;Sociolinguisticsandsociologyoflanguage;Broadsociolinguisticsandnarrowsociolinguistics

Gendervarietiesarisebecauselanguage,asasocialphenomenon,iscloselyrelatedtosocialattitudes.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Macro-studiesaretolookatsocietyasawholeandconsiderhowlanguagefunctionsinitandhowitreflectsthesocialdifferentiations.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Forasociolinguist,code-switchingmeanstheswitchmadebyaspeakerorwriterfromonelanguageorlanguagevarietytoanother.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

GreekdoesnotbelongtoIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Insociolinguistics,code-switchingistheuseofmorethanonelinguisticvarietyinamannerconsistentwiththesyntaxandphonologyofeachvariety.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第九章測(cè)試

Languageisheavilytintedwithitsculture,andculturealsoaffectsitspeople’slanguageuses.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Acculturationmeansacontinuingprocesswherebyanindividualacquiresapersonalidentityandlearnsthenorms,values,behavior,andsocialskillsappropriatetohisorhersocialposition.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Theappearanceofloanwordsisonetypicalexampleofculturaldiffusion.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Languageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother,anditisextremelydifficulttoseparatethetwo.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Theignoranceofculturaldifferenceswillnotnecessarilycreatebarriersinlearningthetargetlanguageandincommunication.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Denotativemeaningreferstothemeaningthatisn’tstatedbutimplied;theimplicationofaword,apartfromitsprimarymeaning.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Asthesayinggoes“Aman’shomeishiscastle”,westernpeopleplaceahighvalueon________.

A:addressingB:complimentC:privacyD:proverb

答案:privacy

Successfulcommunicationoccurswhenthelistenercan________fromthespeaker’spointofview.

A:sensethefeelingstogivenissuesB:seethingsC:understandthewaysofknowingtheworldD:smellthings

答案:sensethefeelingstogivenissues;seethings;understandthewaysofknowingtheworld

Incross-culturalcommunication,________arekeypointstomutualunderstandingandcanserveasthebridgethatwillhelpustranscendculturalbarriers.

A:sincerityB:nationalismC:sensitivityD:honesty

答案:sincerity;honesty

Alinguisticsignmaysimultaneouslyhave________meaningswhichareboundwithculturalencodingsorassociations.

A:ironicB:denotativeC:connotativeD:associative

答案:ironic;denotative;connotative

第十章測(cè)試

Thecommondenialthatbirdsareanimalsamongveryyoungchildrenisatypicalexampleofover-extension.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Dyslexiareferstotheabnormaldifficultyinreadingandspellingcausedbyabrainlesion.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Accordingtothebehavioristviewoflanguageacquisition,________and________arepreliminaryorfundamental,anddiscriminationandgeneralizationarecrucialorkeytolanguagedevelopment.

A:imitationB:practiceC:pre-equippedUGD:innermechanism

答案:imitation;practice

Accordingtotheinteractionistviewoflanguageacquisition,languagedevelopmentisaresultofthecomplexinteractionbetween________and________.

A:theconceptsthechildhasformedabouttheworldB:theenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelopsC:thehumancharacteristicsofthechildD:thereinforcementthechildhasreceived

答案:theenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops;thehumancharacteristicsofthechild

Manystudiesofchildren’sacquisitionsequencesanderrorsinvariouslanguageshaverevealedthatchildrenhavesome________formakingsenseoflanguageinformation.

A:operatingprinciplesB:rewardprinciplesC:reinforcementprinciplesD:grammarprinciples

答案:operatingprinciples

AccordingtoChomsky,humanbeingsarenotbiologicallyprogrammedforlanguageandthelanguagedevelopsinthechildwithextremeattentionandefforts.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Theinnatistsarguethatchildrencandiscovertherulesandprinciplesunderneaththelanguagebytrialanderror.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Thespeechcontainscontentwordsandlacksfunctionelementscanbecalled________.

A:childdirectedspeechB:mothereseC:telegraphicspeechD:caretakertalk

答案:telegraphicspeech

Achildmaygetconfusedhearingthecolorofwhiteusedforpaperbecauseheoriginallythoughtitasthewordonlyforsnow.Thisphenomenonbelongsto________.

A:under-extensionB:analogyC:over-extensionD:overgeneralization

答案:under-extension

Whichofthefollowingisthetermmeaningrepetitionofsounds,syllables,orphraseswherethespeakercannot“release”thewords?

A:autismB:stutteringC:aphasiaD:dysgraphia

答案:stuttering

第十一章測(cè)試

Interlanguageisdefinedasanabstractsystemoflearners’targetlanguagesystem.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Thegoalofcontrastiveanalysisistopredictwhatareaswillbeeasytolearnandwhatareaswillbedifficulttolearn.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Contrastiveanalysisinvolvesdescribingthelearners’interlanguage,thencomparingthetwoformstolocatemismatches.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplelearntheirfirstlanguageconsciouslyandacquiretheirsecondlanguagenaturally.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Mistakesoftenoccurwhenlearnersfailtoperformtheircompetence,suggestingfailurein________.

A:competenceB:knowledgeC:attentionD:performance

答案:performance

________errorsoccurwhenthelearnermisusesanitembecauseitsharesfeatureswithaniteminthenativelanguage.

A:developmentalB:intralingualC:interlingualD:transfer

答案:interlingual;transfer

AccordingtoKrashen,________and________weretwoindependentmeansorroutesofsecondlanguagelearning.

A:learningB:inputC:acquisitionD:transfer

答案:learning;acquisition

*“Ilosedthegame.”and“Therearetensheeps.”areillustrationsof________andperformanceerrors.

A:overgeneralizationB:developmentalmistakesC:transfermistakesD:cross-association

答案:overgeneralization

Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsuccessfullearnerstendtousemorestrategiesandusethemmoreselectivelyandflexibly.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Accordingtocontrastiveanalysis,thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenL1andL2,themorefrequentlytheerrorwilloccur.

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第十二章測(cè)試

________producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.

A:ThelinguisticdeprivationB:ThedamageontheangulargyrusC:Wernicke’saphasicD:Broca’saphasic

答案:Wernicke’saphasic

________isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

A:LinguisticsB:SociolinguisticsC:SemanticsD:Psycholinguistics

答案:Psycholinguistics

Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

A:hemispheresB:cortexesC:stemsD:cerebrums

答案:hemispheres

Whichofthefollowingpartsofthebrainaccountsforthehumandistinctnessintheanimalworld?

A:cerebrumB:brainstemC:neuronD:cerebralcortex

答案:cerebralcortex

Whichofthefollowingmethodsareusedtoexaminethebehaviorassociatedwiththebrain?

A:autopsystudiesB:SATC:dichoticlisteningD:splitbrainstudiesE:CET

答案:dichoticlistening;splitbrainstudies

Lefthemisphereisprimarilyresponsibleforlanguageandtherearespecificlanguageareaswithinthelefthemisphere.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Ithasbeenprovedthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignal.

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Mostright-handedindividualshavelanguagerepresentedinthelefthemisphereandleft-handershavelanguagelo