人教版英語必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour1SectionⅠWord版含答案

羅溫·艾金森1955年生于英國泰恩河新堡，這位以絕妙夸張的搞笑手法而風(fēng)靡全球的憨豆先生，是當(dāng)今演藝圈內(nèi)最具表演天賦的喜劇大師之一。SomeInterestingFactsAboutMrBeanIfyouarenotexactlysurewhotheactorRowanAtkinsonis,perhapsyouwouldbemorefamiliarwiththeothernamethatheismoreknownfor—MrBean.HavingplayedthecharacterofMrBeanfor25years,Beanhasbeeawellknownname.ManypeoplewouldremembergrowingupwatchingtheicalbehaviourofMrBean,suchaswhenhewaspreparingforChristmasturkeyandwhenhehadhishandstuckinateapot.Butapartfromhison-screencharacterasMrBean,whatelsedoyouknowaboutRowanAtkinson?AlthoughmanyMrBeanmoviesaresetinEngland,therearestillsomepeoplewhohavethemisunderstandingthatMrBeanandAtkinsonhimselfefromtheUnitedStates.Althoughheisawhiteperson,itdoesn’tmeanthathe’sfromtheUnitedStates!Sinceyoung,Atkinsonsufferedfromamildstammer(口吃)andhebeganactingonlybecausehecouldgetridofitbydoingthis.Unexpectedly,hebecamefamousintheactingindustrybecauseofMrBeanwhoisbasicallynotspeaking.Beforebeinganactor,Atkinsonneverstudiedacting.Instead,hestudiedelectricalengineeringandgraduatedwithadegreeinitatNewcastleUniversityandlater,graduatedwithamaster’sdegreeinthesamecoursefromTheQueen’sCollegeinOxford,England.NeverthoughtMrBean,whoisnotgoodatdriving,wouldbeafanofracing,didyou?Infact,notonlydoeshelikeracing,butheisprettygoodatittoo.HeracedagainstsomeothercelebritiesinaraceofTopGearandonlycameinsecondtothestar,MattLeBlanc.ItisobviousthatRowanAtkinsonisn’tthebest-lookingactorinHollywood.However,hisdaughterissurprisinglygood-lookingandsheisagoodactresstoo.TherehasbeensomewronginformationspreadingallovertheInternetsayingthatRowanAtkinsonpassedawayinanaccidentofsomesortbutfortunately,itisallfalse.Themanisstillverymuchalive,despitenothavingmuchnewswrittenabouthimrecently.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—prehending重點(diǎn)單詞寫作詞匯1.contentadj. 滿足的；滿意的n. 滿足vt. 使?jié)M足2.ordinaryadj. 平常的；普通的3.wornadj. 用舊的；用壞的；破爛的4.throughoutprep. 遍及；貫穿adv. 到處；始終；全部5.homelessadj. 無家的；無家可歸的6.overevt.&vi.(overcame,overe) 戰(zhàn)勝；克服7.outstandingadj. 突出的；杰出的；顯著的8.gesturen. 姿態(tài)；手勢vi. 做手勢拓展詞匯9.humourn．幽默；滑稽→humorousadj.幽默的10.brightenvt.使更愉快；使更有希望→brightadj.明亮的，鮮明的；聰明的；愉快的11.depressedadj.憂愁的；沮喪的→depressingadj.壓抑的；使人沮喪的→depressionn．沮喪；不景氣；憂愁12.performern．表演者；演出者→performv．執(zhí)行；表演→performancen．執(zhí)行；演出13.astonishvt.使驚詫→astonishedadj.感到驚訝的→astonishingadj.令人感到驚訝的→astonishmentn．驚訝14.fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的；吉利的→fortunen．運(yùn)氣，財(cái)富→fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地→unfortunatelyadv.(反義詞)不幸地15.boredadj.厭煩的→boringadj.無聊的；令人厭煩的16.entertainvt.&vi.使歡樂；款待→entertainingadj.愉快的，有趣的→entertainmentn．娛樂17.failuren．失敗(者)→failvi.&vt.失敗；不及格；使失望18.optimismn．樂觀；樂觀主義→optimisticadj.樂觀的；樂觀主義的19.enjoymentn．享受；歡樂；樂趣→enjoyvt.喜歡；欣賞→enjoyableadj.令人愉快的20.convincevt.使信服→convincedadj.堅(jiān)信不移的→convincingadj.令人信服的21.directvt.&vi.導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮adj.直的；直接的；直率的→directionn．指導(dǎo)→directlyadv.&conj.直接地，徑直地；一……就……22.confidencen．信心；信念→confidentadj.自信的；確信的閱讀詞匯23edyn. 喜劇24.teensn. 十幾歲(13至19歲的年齡)25.charmingadj. 迷人的；有魅力的26.trampn. 流浪漢；行乞者27.moustachen. 小胡子28.worn-outadj. 磨破的；穿舊的29.snowstormn. 暴風(fēng)雪30.leathern. 皮革31.chewvt.&vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)32.costumen. 服裝；戲裝重點(diǎn)短語1.up__to__now 直到現(xiàn)在2.feel/be__content__with 對(duì)……滿足3.badly__off 窮的；缺少的4.pick__out 挑出；辨別出5.cut__off 切斷；斷絕6.star__in 在……擔(dān)任主角；主演7.break__into 破門而入8.in__search__of 尋找重點(diǎn)句型1.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句：As__Victor__Hugo__once__said(正如維克多·雨果曾經(jīng)說過)，“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，...2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Insteadheandanothermanarehidinginasmallhutduringasnowstormwith__nothing__to__eat(沒有任何東西可吃).3.asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句：Thenhepicksoutthelaceoftheshoeandeatsitas__if(好像)itwerespaghetti.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast-readingSkimthetextanddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．HowChaplinentertainedtheaudiencewithhishumour.B．AbriefintroductiontoCharlieChaplin.C．OneofCharlieChaplin’smostfamousfilms—TheGoldRush.D．ThehistoryofEnglishhumour.答案：B2．Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1A．Anexampleofasadsituationthathemadefunny.Para.2B．Hisachievements.Para.3C．WhatCharlie’schildhoodwaslike.Para.4D．Whathismostfamouscharacterwaslike.Para.5E．Whypeopleneededcheeringup.答案：ECDABeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”？A．Laughterhasthepowertodrivewinterawayandwelewarmspring.B．Laughtercankeepone’sfacewarm,especiallyduringfreezingwinter.C．Laughtercanmakepeopleforgettheirproblemsandmakethemfeelhappy.D．Laughtercangivepeoplewarmth,sotheirfacesarenotcold.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Humourcanmakeasadsituationentertaining.B．CharlieChaplinwasgivenanhonourforhiscontributiontothefilmindustry.C．CharlieChaplin’sfamilybecamemuchpoorerafterhisfatherdied.D．CharlieChaplinwasnotkindwhenotherswereunkindtohim.3．WhatmadeCharlieChaplinoneofthemostpopularchildactorsinEngland?A．Hisappearance.B．Hishairstyle.C．Hishumour.D．Hisfoolishacting.4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．CharlieChaplinwasnotonlyawriterandadirectorbutalsoanactorandafilm-maker.B．ChaplinwasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingworkinfilms.C．In1977CharlieChaplindiedandwasburiedinSwitzerland.D．Chaplinislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence.答案：1－4.CDCAeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AsVictorHugooncesaid，“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，anduptonowno-bodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.eq\a\vs4\al()本句中and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，as意為“正如”，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個(gè)主句。[翻譯]正如維克多·雨果曾經(jīng)說過的：“笑聲如陽光，驅(qū)走人們臉上的寒冷冬意?！逼駷橹?，沒有人能比查理·卓別林在這方面做得更好。2．Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff,soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbrother.eq\a\vs4\al()此句為so連接的并列句，so在句中表示結(jié)果。第一個(gè)分句中l(wèi)eavingthefamilyevenworseoff為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。[翻譯]不幸的是，他的父親去世了，這使得他的家境更加艱難，所以查理的童年是在照顧生病的母親和弟弟中度過的。3．Theactingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.eq\a\vs4\al()此句為主從復(fù)合句。主句結(jié)構(gòu)為so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作動(dòng)詞believe的賓語。句中的hehasevertasted為省略關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞meals。[翻譯](卓別林的)表演是那么的有說服力，以至于使你相信這是他吃過的最美味的一頓飯。①humour['hju?m?]n.幽默；滑稽②uptonow＝untilnow直到現(xiàn)在(常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用)③brighten['braItn]vt.使更愉快；使更有希望④depressed[dI'prest]adj.憂愁的；沮喪的⑤feel/becontentwith對(duì)……滿足content[k?n'tent]adj.滿足的；滿意的n.滿足vt.使?jié)M足⑥notthat倒不是，并不是說⑦performer[p?'f??m?]n.表演者；演出者⑧astonishing[?'st?nI?I?]adj.令人感到驚訝的astonish[?'st?nI?]vt.使驚詫⑨unfortunately[?n'f??t??nItlI]adv.不幸地fortunate['f??t??nIt]adj.幸運(yùn)的；吉利的⑩worseoff境況更差badlyoff窮的；缺少的?teens[ti?nz]n.十幾歲(13至19歲的年齡)?ordinary['??d?n?rI]adj.平常的；普通的?bored[b??d]adj.厭煩的?subtle['s?tl]adj.微妙的；精巧的；技藝精湛的?entertaining[?ent?'teInI?]adj.愉快的；有趣的entertain[?ent?'teIn]vt.&vi.使歡樂；款待?charming['t?ɑ?mI?]adj.迷人的；有魅力的?throughout[θru?'a?t]prep.遍及；貫穿adv.到處；始終；全部?homeless['h??ml?s]adj.無家的；無家可歸的?moustache[m?'stɑ??]n.小胡子moustache指唇上部的胡須，古時(shí)稱“髭”，beard指下巴上的胡須。?worn-out[w??n'a?t]adj.磨破的；穿舊的worn[w??n]adj.用舊的；用壞的；破爛的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))failure['feIlj?]n.失敗(者)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))optimism['?ptImIz?m]n.樂觀；樂觀主義eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))overe[???v?'k?m]vt.&vi.(overcame，overe)戰(zhàn)勝；克服eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))underdog['?nd?d?ɡ]n.失敗者；處于劣勢的一方eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))insearchof尋找eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))snowstorm['sn??st??m]n.暴風(fēng)雪eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))leather['lee?]n.皮革leathershoes皮鞋eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))cutoff切斷；斷絕eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))chew[t?u?]vt.&vi.嚼碎；咀嚼(食物)eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))pickout挑出；辨別出eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))lace[leIs]n.飾帶；花邊；鞋帶eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))mouthful['ma?θf?l]n.一口；滿口amouthfulof一滿口……eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))enjoyment[In'd??Im?nt]n.享受；歡樂；樂趣eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))convincing[k?n'vInsI?]adj.令人信服的convince[k?n'vIns]vt.使信服eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))direct[dI'rekt；daI'-]vt.&vi.導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮adj.直的；直接的；直率的eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))starin在……擔(dān)任主角；主演eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))outstanding[a?t'st?ndI?]adj.突出的；杰出的；顯著的【核心素養(yǎng)鏈接】查理·卓別林(CharlieChaplin，1889年4月16日－1977年12月25日)，生于英國倫敦，英國喜劇演員、導(dǎo)演、編劇，在無聲電影時(shí)代成名。查理·卓別林出演的第一部電影是1914年拍攝的《謀生》。從1915年起，卓別林開始自編、自導(dǎo)、自演電影，甚至還擔(dān)任制片和剪輯。1925年上映的《淘金記》是由查理·卓別林執(zhí)導(dǎo)、編劇及主演的經(jīng)典無聲電影，講述的是一個(gè)流浪漢從淘金者變成富翁并收獲愛情的故事。這部電影在多項(xiàng)世界性的影史十大佳作評(píng)選中均居前列，堪稱一部永垂不朽的喜劇。卓別林也通過他的角色“流浪漢”成為全球偶像，并被認(rèn)為是電影界歷史上最重要的人物之一。AMASTEROFNONVERBALHUMOUR①AsVictorHugooncesaid，“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”，anduptonow②nobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.Hebrightened③thelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsinbetween.Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed④，sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwith⑤theirlives.◆AsVictorHugooncesaid是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。as指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，意為“正如”?！鬾obody與better連用，屬于“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”用法，表示最高級(jí)含義?！鬷nbetween＝inbetweentwoworldwars，為避免重復(fù)，承接上文，故省略了賓語。inbetween為雙重介詞，是介詞的一種特殊用法?！魒hentheyfeltdepressed是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞atime，關(guān)系副詞when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。Notthat⑥Charlie’sownlifewaseasy!Hewasborninapoorfamilyin1889.Hisparentswerebothpoormusichallperformers⑦.Youmayfinditastonishing⑧thatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.Suchtrainingwasmoninactingfamiliesatthistime,especiallywhenthefamilyinewasoftenuncertain.Unfortunately⑨hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff⑩，soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbrother.Byhisteens?，Charliehad,throughhishumour,beeoneofthemostpopularchildactorsinEngland.Hecouldmimeandactthefooldoingordinary?everydaytasks.Noonewaseverbored?watchinghim—hissubtle?actingmadeeverythingentertaining?.◆Youmayfinditastonishingthat...中，it是形式賓語，astonishing是賓補(bǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的賓語，assoonashecouldspeak和assoonashecouldwalk是assoonas引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語leaving...off作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語watchinghim作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句whentheywerewatchinghim。Astimewentby,hebeganmakingfilms.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarming?character,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughout?theworld.Thetramp,apoor,homeless?manwithamoustache?，worelargetrousers,worn-out?shoesandasmallroundblackhat.Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryingawalkingstick.ThischaracterwasasocialfailureB21butwaslovedforhisoptimismB22anddeterminationtoovereB23alldifficulties.HewastheunderdogB24whowaskindevenwhenotherswereunkindtohim.◆Astimewentby意為“隨著時(shí)間的推移”，是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于withtimegoingby?！鬭shischarmingcharacter...theworld是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，thelittletramp是character的同位語?！簟癮poor,homelessmanwithamoustache”作Thetramp的同位語?！衄F(xiàn)在分詞短語carryingawalkingstick作伴隨狀語，與walkedaroundstiffly表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Howdidthelittletrampmakeasadsituationentertaining?Hereisanexamplefromoneofhismostfamousfilms,TheGoldRush.ItistowardtheendofthenineteenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscoveredinAlaska.Likesomanyothers,thelittletramphasrushedthereinsearchofB25gold,butwithoutsuccess.InsteadheandanothermanarehidinginasmallhutduringasnowstormB26withnothingtoeat.TheyaresohungrythatthelittletramptriesboilingoneofhisleatherB27shoesfordinner.CharliecutsoffB28theleathertopoftheshoeandsharestheshoewiththeotherfellow.HetriescuttingandchewingB29thebottomoftheshoeasifitwerethefineststeak．ThenhepicksoutB30thelaceB31oftheshoeandeatsitasifitwerespaghetti.HeeatseachmouthfulB32withgreatenjoymentB33.TheactingissoconvincingB34thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted．◆此句是全部倒裝句，已形成了慣用句式：Hereis.../Hereare...，用來引出下文的內(nèi)容?！魒ithnothingtoeat是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語?！鬭sifitwerethefineststeak是asif引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，使用了虛擬語氣，從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故從句用一般過去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞常用were。此處asif意為“好像”?！舸司浒恕皊o...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，thatitis...tasted是賓語從句，作believe的賓語，hehasevertasted是定語從句，修飾先行詞oneofthebestmeals，關(guān)系代詞that因作賓語已省略。CharlieChaplinwrote,directedB35andproducedthefilmshestarredinB36.In1972hewasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingB37workinfilms.HelivedinEnglandandtheUSAbutspenthislastyearsinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedin1977.Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence．◆hestarredin是省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語從句?！魒herehewasburiedin1977是where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系副詞where代替先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語?！魒hocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞agreatactor,who在定語從句中作主語。無聲的幽默大師正如維克多·雨果曾說過的：“笑聲如陽光，驅(qū)走人們臉上的寒冷冬意?！逼駷橹?，沒有人能比查理·卓別林在這方面做得更好。在一戰(zhàn)和二戰(zhàn)之間的艱苦歲月里，他使英美人民對(duì)生活充滿希望。在人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候，他可以使他們開懷大笑，于是人們就會(huì)對(duì)自己的生活感到更滿足。卓別林自己的生活并不那么容易！1889年他出生于一個(gè)貧寒的家庭。他的父母都是音樂廳里的貧窮演員。你可能會(huì)感到驚奇，查理剛會(huì)說話時(shí)大人就教他唱歌，他剛會(huì)走路時(shí)大人就教他跳舞了。這樣的訓(xùn)練在當(dāng)時(shí)的演員家庭里很普遍，尤其是在家庭收入經(jīng)常不穩(wěn)定的時(shí)候。不幸的是，他的父親去世了，這使得他的家境更加艱難，所以查理的童年是在照顧生病的母親和弟弟中度過的。到十幾歲時(shí)，查理憑借自己的幽默，成為英國最受歡迎的童星之一。他能夠用啞劇動(dòng)作來演傻瓜做普通的日常工作?？此谋硌輿]有人會(huì)感到無聊——他精湛的演技使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。隨著時(shí)間的推移，他開始拍電影。他塑造的小流浪漢這一迷人的角色開始聞名于世時(shí)，查理越來越受歡迎。這個(gè)貧窮的、無家可歸的小流浪漢留著小胡子，穿著大褲子、破鞋子，頭戴黑色小圓帽。他(手里)拿著一根拐杖，僵硬地四處走動(dòng)。這個(gè)角色是個(gè)社會(huì)生活中的失敗者，但他樂觀的精神和戰(zhàn)勝困難的決心使得他深受(觀眾的)喜愛。他屬于弱勢群體，但他很善良，即使別人對(duì)他并不友善。這個(gè)小流浪漢是如何把悲慘的境遇變得令人開心的呢？這里有一個(gè)出自他最著名的電影之一——《淘金記》的例子。將近19世紀(jì)末期，人們?cè)诎⒗辜影l(fā)現(xiàn)了金子。像許多其他人一樣，這個(gè)小流浪漢也趕到那兒去尋找金子，但是沒有成功。相反，他和另一個(gè)人被暴風(fēng)雪困在一個(gè)小木屋中，沒有任何東西可吃。他們是如此餓，以至于這個(gè)小流浪漢試著煮了他的一只皮鞋來充饑。查理把皮鞋的鞋幫切下來，和那個(gè)人分吃這只鞋。他試著把鞋底切下來吃，就好似它是一塊最好的牛排。然后他挑出鞋帶來吃，像是吃意大利面一樣。他每一口都嚼得津津有味。(卓別林的)表演是那么的有說服力，以至于使你相信這是他吃過的最美味的一頓飯。查理·卓別林自編、自導(dǎo)、自制他主演的電影。1972年他被授予奧斯卡特別獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他在電影界的杰出工作。他在英國和美國生活過，在瑞士度過了他的最后幾年，1977年他被安葬在那里。人們熱愛和懷念這位偉大的演員，(因?yàn)?他能用極大的信心鼓舞人們。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AIfyoueverusedaspoonfullofsugartohelpthemedicinegodown,youarelikelytohavewatchedthemovieMaryPoppinsinyourchildhood.However,noteveryonelovesthatDisneymoviemusical.Althoughthe1964film(basedonP．L.Travers’bookseriesMaryPoppins)starringJulieAndrews,KarenDotriceandDickVanDykewasabigsuccess,thebook’sauthorP．L.Traverswasn’tafanofit.Traversdidn’thideherdislikeofDisney’sMaryPoppinsmovie.Shedidn’tlikethemovie’stitlecharacterMaryPoppins,andstatedthatitlostthepointbecauseDisneyturnedherintoaveryprettygirl,accordingtoTheTelegraph.Infact,Traverswassoupsetthatshecriedallthetimewhilewatchingthemovie.WhenMaryPoppinsReturns,the2018sequel(續(xù)篇)film,wasshownintheaters,ideasaboutwhatTraverswouldhavethoughtofthisadaptation(改編本)aremixed.NewsweeksaysthatifTraverswerealive,shemightlikethisfilmbecausethescreenwriter,DavidMagee,wastruertothenatureofMaryPoppins.MageeexplainedthathewasafanoftheoriginalbooksandherespectedthedescriptionsofMaryPoppinsinTravers’books.Butontheotherhand,giventhefactthatstarEmilyBluntisalsoveryprettyandTraversdislikedalltheadaptationsofherworkthatweremadewhenshewasliving,it’simpossibletoknowforsure.IfyouthinkTraversdidn’tlikesequelsatall,youaretotallywrong.Infact,TraverswrotesevensequelstoheroriginalMaryPoppinsnovelbeforeshediedin1996.MaryPoppinsandtheHouseNextDoorin1988wasthelastone.AndasMaryPoppinsReturnsfindsitswayintotheheartsofaudiences,morepeoplearesuretofallinlovewiththemagicalworldthatP．L.Traverscreated.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了P.L.Travers不喜歡那部根據(jù)她的小說改編的于1964年上映的迪士尼電影。當(dāng)2018年的迪士尼電影續(xù)篇上映時(shí)，大家又有了新的看法。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheDisneymoviemusicalmentionedinParagraph1?A．ItwaswrittenbyJulieAndrews.B．Itwasmainlyaboutasickchild.C．ItwashighlypraisedbyTravers.D．ItwasanadaptationofTravers’book.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Althoughthe1964film(basedonP．L.Travers’bookseriesMaryPoppins)starringJulieAndrews...可知，這部電影是Travers寫的書的一部改編本。2．HowdidTraversfindthemovieadaptationsofherbookswhenshewasalive?A．Funny. B．Interesting.C．Educational. D．Unsatisfying.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Traversdislikedalltheadaptationsofherworkthatweremadewhenshewasliving可知，當(dāng)她活著時(shí)，她覺得那些改編都很令人不滿意。3．WhatdoestheauthormostprobablythinkofDisney’sMaryPoppinsReturns?A．ItisbetterthanTravers’lastsequel.B．It’sthebestadaptationofTravers’book.C．It’llreceiveapositiveresponsefromthepublic.D．It’llmakefansofTravers’booksdisappointed.C解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的asMaryPoppinsReturnsfindsitswayintotheheartsofaudiences,morepeoplearesuretofallinlovewiththemagicalworldthatP．L.Traverscreated.可知，作者認(rèn)為這部新劇會(huì)得到公眾的好評(píng)。BItiswidelybelievedthathumorisgoodforyourhealth.However,moststudiesonhumorandhealthshowthatbywatchingsomethinghumorous—edyfilms,forexample—youcanjustescapefromthepainforashorttime,orthathumorjusthelpsreducesignsofadisease.Sofar,nostudyhasshownthathumorcanhelpapersonrecoverfromaseriousillness.Onewaytostudytherelationshipbetweenhumorandhealthislookingatthehealthofpeoplewhousehumoraspartoftheirjobs:ediansandimprov(即興表演)artists,forexample.Notonlydotheyusehumoraspartoftheirwork,butalsotheyshowthehighestlevelsofhumorability.Soifhumorisreallygoodforourhealth,wecananticipatethatediansbenefitthemostfromit.Althoughitisoftensaidthathumorcanmakepeoplelivelonger,researchhasactuallyfoundtheoppositetobetrue.Onestudyfoundthatediansandhumorwritersactuallydiedyoungerparedwithotherfamouspeoplewhowerenotperformers.However,thesestudiesweresomewhatlimited,becausemostoftheediansweremenandalreadydead.Andmanyfamouspeopleoftenliveveryunhealthylives,andtheediansmighthavediedfromreasonssuchasheavydrinkingorsmoking.MycolleaguesandIdecidedtotakeadifferentway.Wecollecteddata(數(shù)據(jù))from491improvartiststudents—224womenand267men—allalive.Weparedthisimprovgroupwith795nonedians,whowerematchedinage,sex,andeducation.Weaskedparticipantsfrombothgroupstotellushowmanydiseasestheyhadhadinthepastthreeyearsandhowlongtheyhadlasted.Theimprovartistsreportedthattheyhadhadmanymorediseases,andthatthesediseaseshadlastedlongerparedwiththecontrolgroup.Soourstudyaddsfurtherevidencetotheconclusionmadebythestudiesbefore.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了人們普遍認(rèn)為幽默對(duì)我們的健康有益，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，幽默對(duì)我們健康的益處并沒有那么大。4．Whatdomoststudiesonhumorandhealthshowabouthumor?A．Itdoesn’treallyreducesignsofdiseases.B．Itjusthelpsreducepeople’spainforawhile.C．Itcan’treallymakepeoplefeelfortable.D．Itcanhelponerecoverfromaseriousdisease.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的However,moststudiesonhumorandhealthshowthatbywatchingsomethinghumorous—edyfilms,forexample—youcanjustescapefromthepainforashorttime可知，幽默只能暫時(shí)幫助人們減輕痛苦。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”inParagraph2mean?A．Predict. B．Notice.C．Understand. D．Explain.A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的Soifhumorisreallygoodforourhealth可知，在這種情況，我們應(yīng)該“預(yù)測”喜劇演員從幽默中受益最大。6．Whatcanweknowabouttheimprovartistsfromtheauthor’sresearch?A．Theyhadmoreunhealthyhabits.B．Theybenefitedmorefromhumor.C．Theyweremorelikelytogetdiseases.D．Theydidbetterintakingcareofthemselves.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Theimprovartistsreportedthattheyhadhadmanymorediseases,andthatthesediseaseshadlastedlongerparedwiththecontrolgroup.可知，跟一般人相比，這些喜劇演員更容易得疾病。CAnaturaldisasterising,onethatcantakethelivesofthousandsandhospitalize(使住院)tensofthousandsmore:theyearlyflu.Lastyear,about900，000Americanswerehospitalizedandmorethan80，000peoplediedfromtheflu.Tomakemattersworse,manyofthesepeoplediedneedlessly.Thefluvaccination(疫苗接種)rateintheUnitedStatesisaround45%.Ifwecouldincreasethisrateto70%,mostofthedeaths,hospitalizationandmisseddaysofworkwouldbeavoided.Buttodothat,weneedtoproperlyencouragevaccination.Rightnow,ifyou’reahealthyperson,aflushot(注射)mightreduceyourpersonalriskofingdownwiththefluby40%to60%.Gettingaflushotalsodoessomethingelse:Ithelpsprotectthepeoplearoundyouwhomosteasilysufferseriousfluillness,particularlytheveryoldandtheveryyoung.Avaccinethatis60%effectiveona30-year-oldperson,forexample,maybeonly30%effectiveonsomeoneover65.Babiesareespeciallyhospitalizedforfluatsurprisingrates.AnewstudybyCoreyWhitehasmeasuredthesepowerfuleffectsoffluvaccination.Using50-statedatafrom1994to2016,hefindsthateachpercentagepointincreaseintheUSvaccinationratewouldresultin807fewerdeaths.Thesebenefitsgraduallyincreaseovertimeuntilwereachtheherdimmunity(群體免疫).Mostofthosewhohavebeensavedarepeopleover75.Soifyouwanttosavethelivesofgrandmothersandgrandfathersinyourmunity,getaflushot.ToWhite’spleasure,hefoundanother__munity__effect__of__flu__shots.Anincreaseofonepercentagepointinthevaccinationratewouldresultin15millionfewerlostworkhoursnationwide.Thatmeansthatyourfailuretogetaflushotwill,onaverage,causefivehoursofpaytobelost.WecannotacceptthattensofthousandsofAmericansdieeachyearfromflurightnow.Throughwisedecisionsandquickactions,wecanstartsavinglivestoday.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。流感危害巨大，作者倡議大家接種流感疫苗，這樣既可以保護(hù)接種者，也可以保護(hù)身邊的人。7．WhatcanweknowabouttheflumentionedinParagraph1?A．Itcausedscaresworldwide.B．ItresultedingreatharmtoAmericans.C．Itattractedmuchattentionofthegovernment.D．Itbadlyinfluencedthehonorofsomehospitals.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Lastyear,about900，000Americanswerehospitalizedandmorethan80，000peoplediedfromtheflu.可知，去年的流感給美國人帶來了巨大的危害。8．TheexampleinParagraph3showsthattheveryoldandtheveryyoung________．A．a(chǎn)remorelikelytogetthefluB．a(chǎn)renotsuitabletohaveflushotsC．cannotrecoverfromtheflueasilyD．needspecialprotectionifgettingthefluA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Ithelpsprotectthepeoplearoundyouwhomosteasilysufferseriousfluillness,particularlytheveryoldandtheveryyoung.可知，后面的例子是為了表明：老人和孩子更容易患流感。9．“Anothermunityeffectofflushots”inParagraph5meansthatgettingflushotscanhelppeoplein________．A．gettin