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晴隆縣2023年考研《英語一》高分沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)IliveinaruralcommunityintheUnitedStates.Aruralareaisdifferentfromacitybecausethereare1people.Myhomeisdeepinavalley2bymountainsthatarerockyandcoveredintrees.3manyfarmsarelocatedinruralareasbecausetheyrequirelargeplotsoflandtogrowfoodor4farmanimals,inmycommunitythemountainsand5soilmakeitdifficulttofarm.Thisisone6whyfewpeopleliveinmyarea.What’sitliketoliveinthemountains?Sincewehavealotof7,wegettohavehorsesandchickens.Myfamily8eggsfromthechickensforbreakfast.Wealsoloseelectricityalotbecausethetreesfallonpowerlineswheneverthere’sa9Inmycommunity,peoplekeepbattery-poweredflashlightsandoillampsstoredincasethelights10.Somepeoplealsouseagenerator--amachinethatgenerateselectricityfromgasoline—wheneverthereare11Goingtoschoolinaruralareameanshavingfewerclassmatesand12longerdistances.Togettomyhighschool,Imustdrivefortymilestothe13city.ThismeansImustgetupmuchearlierthanmy14classmatesinordertobeontime.Theroadsinmycommunityaren’tpavedwithasphalt(瀝青)either,soduringstormsthey15becometoomuddyorsnowytopass.Incitiesasnowplow(掃雪機)16quickly,butareaswherefewerpeoplelivearen’tthepriority(優(yōu)先),sodayscanpassbeforeasnowplow17theroad.SometimesImustmissschoolbecausestormsmakeit18todrive.Iamnotsure19ifIwanttoliveinthecountryorinthecitywhenIgrowup.Ilikebeinginnature,hearingthecreekandthebirds,andhavingabigyard.Ialsolikebeinginthecity,though,whereIcangohowlingorskating,orseemyfriends.Itcanget20inthecountry,althoughIdolovebeingaroundouranimals.1、A.few B.many C.fewer D.more2、A.surrounded B.hidden C.shadowed D.enriched3、A.When B.While C.Because D.If4、A.feed B.grow C.train D.house5、A.rich B.muddy C.rock D.snowy6、A.explanation B.cause C.excuse D.reason7、A.space B.room C.place D.land8、A.lays B.harvests C.buys D.picks9、A.storm B.thunder C.lighting D.shower10、A.putout B.wearout C.runout D.goout11、A.dangers B.risks C.emergencies D.incidents12、A.walking B.running C.driving D.traveling13、A.nearby B.distant C.nearest D.farthest14、A.rural B.city C.old D.new15、A.can B.may C.must D.should16、A.comesby B.comesabout C.comesto D.comesout17、A.cleans B.digs C.clears D.covers18、A.likely B.necessary C.improper D.impossible19、A.still B.yet C.even D.a(chǎn)s20、A.quiet B.lonely C.a(chǎn)lone D.busySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1It’s3o’clockandyou’vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn’t.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmumusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger”.Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone(激素)sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivatesbrainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.Becauseofthis,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger”.Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure.Ina2007study,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthatdietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcravings.So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fasting(禁食)isabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecific,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.1、Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Todeepentheunderstandingofhunger.B.Toleadtothetopicofthewholepassage.C.Toreportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.D.Toremindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.2、Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcravings?A.Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell. B.Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.C.Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings. D.Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.3、What’sthelikelyresultofdieting?A.Theincreaseoffooddesire. B.Thedecreaseofchemicals.C.Therefusaloffatandsugar. D.Thedisappearanceofappetite.4、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Thefindingsoffoodcravings. B.Whathungerisallabout.C.Thefunctionsofbrainareas. D.Whatdietingmaybringus.Text2Youcan’twalkintotheofficewithoutRihanna’svoicesinging“workworkworkworkworkwork”inyourhead.AndthatonelinefromLadyGaga’s“BadRomance”stillmakesyouwanttoscream.Thesearecommonlyknownasearwormsongs—thosestickytunesthatcontinuetoplayinyourhead.Arecentstudyfindsthatmorethan90%ofadultsreporthearingearwormsongsonaweeklybasis.Fortunately,mostpeoplereportearwormsongsaspleasant.Butothersfindthemannoyingorevenmaddening.“Somepeoplearetroubledbythemtothepointthatitdisturbslife,”saysElizabethHellmuthMargulis,aprofessorattheUniversityofArkansaswhohasstudiedearwormsongs.Margulissaysearwormsongstendtohavesomepredictablecharacteristics.Foronething,theytendtosmallpartsofasong—notthewholetrack.And“thesongsyou’veheardrecentlyalsohavethemostpossibilitytogetstuckinyourmemory,”shesays.Butsometimessomethingstrangeandunpredictablecanalsostartatrackpayinginyourhead.“OnceIwasatthedoctor’sofficeandsawaposterofamanwhoIthoughtlookedlikeGaston—acharacterfromBeautyandtheBeast,”Margulisrecalls.Acoupleminutespassed,andsherealizedshecouldn’tget“BeOurGuest”,thesonginthemovie,outofherhead,eventhoughshehadn’tthoughtofthetuneinyears.Inthatinstance,shewasabletoidentifyherearworm’strigger:theGaston-lookingmanintheposter.“Buttheconnectionscanbereallyunclear,”shesays.Margulispointsoutthat,inallofhumanhistory,recordedmusicisaverynewphenomenon.Shesayssomehaveinferredthatearwormsongsarealsonew—theunintendedconsequenceofbeingabletohearthesamesongplayedeverywhereinthesamewayoverandoveragain.Sofar,theconvincingexplanationforwhyhumanbeingsexperienceearwormsongsremainsamystery.Buttherearesomewell-establishedwaystocastofftheearwormsongs.“Findingamentallydemandingtaskandputtingyourmindonitusuallyshiftsattentionawayfrominternalmusic.Peopletendtogetearwormswhenperformingtasksthatdon’trequiretheirfullattention—stufflikedoingthedishes,”Margulissays.Chewinggumcanalsohelp.Whenasongisstuckinourheads,it’salmostlikewe’resingingalongwithit.Ifyoumakeyourmouthdosomethingelse—chewinggum,eatingamealortalkingwithafriend—thatcankickouttheearworm.Youcouldalsofaceyourenemy.Bylisteningtothefulltrackthatincludesthepassagestuckinyourhead,youmayfind“closure”andrelief.1、Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeanearwormsong?A.Asongmadeupofsimplewords.B.Asongheardfrequentlythesedays.C.Asongsungbyamostfamoussinger.D.Asonglearnedduringone’schildhood.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph4mean?A.Type.B.Tune.C.Cause.D.Characteristic.3、Wecaninferthatearwormsongsmay________.A.resultfrommoderntechnologyB.beexperiencedovermealsC.helpregainlostmemoriesD.hurtone’shearing4、Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Whywehearearwormsongs.B.Wheretofindearwormsongs.C.Whenwehearearwormsongs.D.Howtogetoverearwormsongs.Text3Nospacecraftwilleverlandonthesun.thesunisaflamingballofgasthatreachesthousandsofdegreesFahrenheit.Butnextyear,ashipfromEarthwillflyclosertoitthananymanmadecrafthasflownbefore.Themission(任務(wù))isabigdevelopmentforscientistsand,maybe,foreveryoneelse.InSeptember2018,NASAplanstolaunchtheParkerSolarProbe.Afterajourneyofnearly90millionmiles,itwillflywithin3.8millionmilesofthesun.withintwomonthsoflaunching,theprobeisexpectedtoreachthesun’scorona(日冕).That’sthesun’souteratmosphereofgases.Gettingtherewon’tbeeasy.Designingaspacecrafttoughenoughtoholduptothesun’sheathasproveddifficult.Butthathasn’tstoppedengineersfromtrying.Temperaturesinthecoronacanreachmillionsofdegrees.Theprobewilllimititselftoregionswherethingsgetnohotterthan2,10oF.That’sstillaheavyheatloadforaspacecraft.Buta4.5-inch-thickheatshield(罩)willprotecttheprobe’scameraandscientificinstruments.NASAsaysthedatatheprobecollectscouldprovideknowledgeintothephysicsofstars.Oursunisspecialtous.Butasastar,it’srathercommon.Sothebetterweunderstandhowitworks,thebetterweunderstandallstarsofitsmassandcolor.Perhapsthemostimportantiswhattheprobemayshowusaboutsolarstorms.Duringsolarstorms,chargedparticlesstreamthroughthesolarsystem.Theycandisablecommunicationssatellitesandshutdownpowdersystems.Onestudyhasfoundthataveryintensesolarstormcouldcauseupto$2trillionindamageintheUSalone.ItcouldalsoblackouttheEastCoastforayear.Understandingsolarstormsmightallowustopredictthemandprotectourselves.Thatcouldmakeevenamissionwithabillion-pluspricetagoneofNASA’sgreatbargains.1、Whatcanwelearnabouttheprobe?A.It’llflyclosertothesunthatthepreviousonesB.It’sthefirstmanmadeinstrumenttoflytothesunC.It’llgettothecoreofthesuninnearlytwomonthsD.It’llflyabout3.8millionmilestoreachthecorona.2、Whatisthechallengefortheengineers?A.DirectingtheprobetocollectdataB.ReducingthetemperatureoftheprobeC.BuildingashieldagainsttheheatD.Limitingtheprobetoproperregions3、Whatmightbethebesttitle?A.ExploringthestarsB.GettingclosetothesunC.DesigningaspaceshipD.Protectingtheearth4、Wheredoesthevalueofthemissionlie?A.MonitoringsatellitesB.ExploringsolarenergyC.DevelopingscientificinstrumentsD.ForecastingsolarstormsText4Everythingaboutnuclearenergyseemsterrificallybig:thecost,constructionanddecommissioning—andthefearsofsomethinggoingbadlywrong.Thefuture,howevermaywellbemuchsmaller.Dozensofcompaniesareworkingonanewgenerationofreactorsthat,theypromise,candelivernuclearpoweratlowercostandreducedrisk.Thesesmall-scaleplantswillonaveragegeneratebetween50MWand300MWofpowercomparedwiththe1,000MW-plusfromaconventionalreactor.Theywilldrawonmodularmanufacturingtechniquesthatwillreduceconstructionrisk,whichhasplaguedlarger-scaleprojects.Supportersbelievetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbecommercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristocompeteagainsttherapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.“Thephysicshasn’tchanged.It’saboutmuchclevererdesignthatoffersmuch-neededflexibilityintermsofoperation,”saidTimStone,long-termindustryadviserandchairmanofNuclearriskInsurers,whichinsuresnuclearsitesintheUK.SincetheFukushimameltdowninJapanin2011,safetyfearshavethreatenednuclearpower.Butthebiggestobstacletodayiseconomic.InwesternEurope,justthreeplantsareunderconstruction:intheUKatHinkleypointCinSomerset;atFlamanvilleinFrance;andatOlkiluotoinFinland.AllinvolvetheEuropeanPressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allarerunningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunderwayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.TheUK,whichopenedtheworld’sfirstcommercialnuclearreactorin1956,isoneofthefewwesternnationscommittedtorenewingitsageingfleettoensureenergysecurityandmeettoughcarbonreductiontargets.Itisseenasaprovingground,bymanyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower’sabilitytorestoreconfidence.However,thecountry’sagreementwithEDFtobuildtwounitsatHinkleyPoint—whichtogetherwillgenerate3.2GWofelectricity—hascomeunderseverecriticismoveritscost.Thegovernmentislookingatdifferentfundingmodelsbutsaiditstillseesnuclearpowerasvitaltothecountry’sfutureenergymix.Smallreactors,itbelieves,havethepotentialtogeneratemuch-neededpowerfromthe2030s.Anuclearsectordeal,unveiledlastmonth,promisedupto£56minfundingforresearchanddevelopmentintoAMRsandattractedinterestofstart-upsfromaroundtheworld.ThegovernmenthopesthefundingwillgivetheUKaleadintheglobalracetodevelopthesetechnologies,helpingtoprovideenergysecuritywhilealsocreatingamultibillion-dollarexportmarketforBritishengineeringcompanies.1、Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)?A.AMRsproducemorepowerthantraditionalreactorsB.Smallinscale,AMRsrosemoresafetyrisksC.Sofar,mostAMRshavenotbeenputintouseyetD.GovernmentspreferenergyofsolarandwindtothatofAMRs2、Inparagraph5,theauthormentionstheplantsinWesternEuropeandtheUSto________.A.provethatnuclearpowerhasbeenthreatenedbysafetyconcern.B.showthattheconstructionofnuclearpowerplantscostmorethatthebudgetavailable.C.indicatetheconstructionofnuclearplantsareslowinspeed.D.pointoutthatmostpowerplantshaveadoptedthelatestnucleartechnology.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.SomepeoplehavelostconfidenceinthedevelopmentofnuclearplantsB.TheUKgovernmentseekstoreducethenegativeimpactofnuclearpoweronitseconomy.C.TheplantobuildtwopowerplantsinHinkleyPointhasbeendesertedD.a(chǎn)kindcostsforsmallmodularreactorswouldbehigherrelativetolargenuclearreactors.4、Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?A.BritaincountsonnuclearenergytokeeplightsonB.TraditionalnuclearplantsboomwithminireactorsC.Nuclear’sshareofpowergenerationremainsteadD.NuclearpowerlookstoshrinkitswaytosuccessPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thebeautifulcanola(油菜)flowersinspringattractedalargenumberofvisitorstoHanzhong,acityinthesouthofwesternShaanxiprovinceThecity’s9thannualcanolaflowerfestival1.(start)onMarch13andendedonMay1,2.Thereweremorethan600squarekilometersofcanolafieldsinHanzhong,3.createduniquesceneryAbout50observationspots4.(design)forthetouriststhroughoutthecityTheForbiddenCityinBeijing,hometothePalaceMuseum,housesmorethan1.8millionculturalrelicsandisoneoftheworld’smostvisitedtouristattractions2.(mark)the600thanniversaryoftheForbiddenCity,thePalaceMuseumwillholdaseriesofeventsthroughout3.
Over20exhibitionswillbeheld,4.(cover)differentareassuchashistory,art,festivals,andsoon
Forthespecialoccasion,AlongtheRiverduringtheQingmingFestival,oneofChina’smost5.(wide)knownmasterpieces,willgoondisplayinSeptember6.For7.(it)bestpreservation,thistreasuredartworkisseldomfullyexhibitedThepainting8.(display)forthefirsttimebackin2005tocelebratethemuseum’s80thanniversarySuch9.raresightisexpectedtodrawhugecrowds
Inaddition,
themuseumwillalsodisplayexhibitsfromother10.(country)Duringthepastfewyears,thePalaceMuseumhasbeenworkinghardtogetthepublicfamiliar11.thehistoryandcultureoftheForbiddenCityAnditseemsthattheseeffortshavebeenpayingoff,withits12.(popular)reachinganewheightOver17millionpeoplevisitedthemuseumin2018,of13.40percentwereunder30yearsoldSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Isitnecessarytolearnwhenweare50s,60soreven70s?Mostpeopleconsiderwhentheygetretired,theyaresupposedtobecompletelylaidback,dosomethingfun,orhangaround.1、
It’sparticularlyimportanttotheelderly.Throughlearning,weknowhowtothink,howtomemorize,howtoaskquestionsandevenhowtointeractwithothers.Accordingtoastudy,whilewearelearning,“thebraincreatesneural(神經(jīng))pathways”thatmakeussmarter.2、
Themorewelearn,themotenew
neuralpathwaysdevelopinourbrains.Whenitcomestolearning,itdoesn’tmeanwemustloadourselveswithlotsofknowledge.Whatweneedtodoisjustlearnsomethingwelikedayinanddayout.3、
Everyonelearnsfrombottomtoup.Ifwehaveaninteresttolearn,thatdesirewillnaturallypushustomoveforward.Aswefeelwornoutfromlearning,don’tbediscouraged.4、
Anoldsayinggoes,“Birdsofafeatherflytogether.”Aslongaswehavepartnerstolearnalltogether,ourlearningexcitementwillcomealiveagain.Onthecontrary,ifwedon’tlearn,andchoosetodistanceourselvesfromother,wemightbegettingdumb,andslow;eventually,weloseenergy,andlifepassion.Insteadofbeingbored,dumb,whydon’twekeeplearning?5、
Moreimportantly,learningexploresourlifehorizon,helpsusbuildupourconfidence;gradually,itleadsustoawayoffindingasenseofvalueandach.A.It’snevertoooldtolearn.B.Don’tworryifwecannotlearnwell.C.Youshouldsetahighlearningtarget.D.Learningmakesusunderstandhowpotentialweare.E.Lookforapartnerwhohasthesamecommoninterestasyoudo.F.Inotherwords,ourbrainsareactiveaswelearnsomethingnew.G.However,thetruthisthatlearningmakesusenergetic,andself-fulfilled.USCityBansTextingwhileWalkingParentsusuallyteachtheirchildrenhowtocrossthestreetsafely,bylookingbothwaysforcars.Butdotheyalsoteachthemtoputawaytheircellphones?ThecityofHonolulu,Hawaiiwantseveryonetolearnthatlesson.1、BeginningonOctober24,youcouldbefinedfrom$15to$99ifyoustepin
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